Chemical safety knowledge?

Chemistry is a natural science based on experiments. What do you know about chemical safety? The following is what I have compiled for your reference and understanding

Chemistry is a natural science based on experiments. What do you know about chemical safety? The following is what I have compiled for your reference and understanding. I hope you like it!

1. The valve shall not be closed after the gas cylinder is used.

2. The rubber pipe used to connect the condensation cooling system must be fixed with iron wire to prevent the water pipe from falling off due to high water pressure.

3, 8 1, explosive substances can be dried in the oven.

4, lithium, sodium, potassium and metal hydride should pay attention to the use and storage, especially can't directly contact with water can produce toxic gas waste liquid, shall not be poured into the same collection barrel. If it is dangerous to pour some waste liquid into the collection barrel, it should be temporarily stored separately in a container and labeled.

5. It is allowed to taste and identify reagents and unknowns in the laboratory.

6. For chemical reagents or unknown objects, it is allowed to smell directly with the nose, without fanning out a small amount of gas by hand.

7. All the work that may produce toxic steam in the laboratory must be carried out in a fume hood with a good exhaust device.

8. When diluting concentrated sulfuric acid, you should not pour water into concentrated sulfuric acid, but slowly pour concentrated sulfuric acid into water and stir well.

9, concentrated acid, concentrated alkali treatment in the laboratory, generally to neutralize before dumping, and flush the pipeline with a lot of water.

10. For inorganic acid waste liquid, the laboratory can collect it and treat it as follows: slowly pour waste acid into excessive aqueous solution containing sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, or neutralize each other with waste alkali, and then rinse with a lot of water. Waste liquid such as sodium hydroxide and ammonia water can be treated as follows: neutralized with 6mol/L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and then washed with a large amount of water.

1 1. For the waste liquid containing mercury, arsenic, antimony and bismuth plasma, the laboratory can first carry out the following treatment: control the acidity to 0.3 mol/L [h+] to generate sulfide precipitation.

12. The cyanide-containing waste liquid can be treated as follows: adding sodium hydroxide to make the pH value above 10, and adding excessive potassium permanganate * * * 3% * * solution to oxidize and decompose CN free radicals. When the content of CN radical is high, excessive calcium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide solution can be added.

13. The waste liquid containing fluorine can be treated as follows: adding lime to precipitate calcium fluoride. Chlorine and ammonia can be mixed in one room.

14. Hydrogen and oxygen can be mixed in one room.

15, acetylene and oxygen can be mixed in one room.

16. When heating the substance in the test tube, the nozzle should face itself so as to clearly see the reaction process.

17. When heating the solution containing suspended matter, zeolite or glass beads should be added to avoid boiling.

18. Because diethyl ether is exposed to air for a long time, it will form hydroxyethyl hydrogen peroxide, which becomes a violent explosive substance. Therefore, the liquid can't evaporate when distilling ether.

19. During the extraction or washing operation, attention should be paid to timely discharging the generated gas to prevent the explosion caused by excessive internal pressure and high substance concentration.

20. The residual sodium metal after the experiment should be washed with plenty of water.

2 1. When organic synthesis is carried out in the laboratory, the exothermic reaction cannot be carried out in a closed glass container; When the reactants are heated, the glass container cannot be sealed.

22. The alcohol in the alcohol lamp can be filled with up to nine points.

23, alcohol lamp is no longer in use, should immediately put out the fire with mouth blowing.

24. When heating liquid, you can start heating first, and then add zeolite when it is close to boiling.

25, after using strong alkaline reagent spoon should be wiped and saved.

26, laboratory distillation operation, for explosive substances or unstable substances, must be carefully distilled until there is a small amount of residue.

27. It is safer to dilute harmful substances with inert solvents. If the solution is sprinkled on the cloth, the solvent can be reused after evaporation and drying.

28, open the cork of volatile or concentrated acid, concentrated alkali reagent, bottle mouth don't toward or others, should be carried out in a fume hood.

29, contact with toxic, smelly reagent, to operate in a fume hood; After use, seal the bottle stopper with wax or seal the bottle mouth with raw material tape.

30. The working temperature of drying oven and thermostat shall not exceed the maximum allowable temperature. All containers stored in the refrigerator should be clearly marked with the name of the contents, the date of storage and the name of the depositor.

3 1. For safety reasons, low-boiling solvents should be stored in ordinary refrigerators to reduce the vapor pressure of solvents.

32. Usually harmful drugs are inhaled into the body through respiratory organs, digestive organs or panels, causing poisoning. Therefore, we should avoid tasting, smelling and touching drugs with our hands.

33. When using strong oxidant, the ambient temperature should not be too high, with good ventilation. Do not use with organic or reducing substances.

34. Containers containing flammable liquids can be placed in the sun.

35, 17, the excess chemicals in the experiment should be put back into the original reagent bottle to avoid waste.

36. In case of alkali leakage accident, cover the leakage area with solid boric acid powder, clean it up and report it to relevant staff.

37, dealing with toxic gases, drugs that can produce steam and toxic organic solvents, must be carried out in a ventilated kitchen.

38, open the ammonia, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and other drugs bottle sealing, should be covered with a wet cloth, cool with cold water before opening the cork, in case of splashing, especially in summer.

39. If the water pump leaks, you don't have to cut off the power supply, and then apply for repair after the experiment.

40. During the experiment, we should try to avoid the continuous operation of experimental instruments without supervision at night. If it must be used at night, we should strictly check whether the leakage protection device and air switch of the experimental instrument work normally.

4 1. When the ozone generator is used in the laboratory, the air tightness of the pipeline should be ensured, and the tail gas should be absorbed by sodium thiosulfate solution to avoid excessive indoor ozone concentration.

42, instruments and appliances contaminated by toxic substances, after the experiment should immediately take appropriate measures to deal with in order to destroy or eliminate its toxicity.

43. When using a constant temperature water bath pot for a long time during the experiment, attention should be paid to adding water in time to avoid the danger of dry burning.

44, the use of box resistance furnace must be approved by the laboratory administrator, to ensure the safe use of electricity.

Beakers, flasks and test tubes are safer when heated.

46, suction filter bottles and some thick-walled glass containers, after cleaning, can be directly put into the high temperature oven for drying.

47, low-speed centrifuge can open the lid to observe when working. In the experiment of removing water with active metal, the oxidation reaction of metal was not observed, so the active metal can be discarded.

48. After the mercury thermometer is broken, the correct treatment is: the spilled mercury must be collected immediately with a dropper and a brush, covered with water, preferably glycerin, and then sulfur powder is sprinkled on the polluted area. After there is no liquid, it usually takes about a week to clean.

49. When using a centrifuge, when it is partially loaded, the centrifuge tube can be placed in the rotor at will without considering the balance.

50, corrosion and * * * * products, such as strong acid, alkali, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, glacial acetic acid, etc. Wear rubber gloves and protective glasses when taking. Don't look down at the mouth of the container when dumping. When sucking, use rubber balls. Wear anti-virus equipment when opening toxic gas containers. It is forbidden to take the above items directly by hand. "People also: