The origin of China Equestrian Festival?

Equestrian events first entered the Olympic Games in 1900, when only one event was set up. 19 12. Equestrian events were expanded to dressage, obstacle course and three-day race. Since 1952, female jockeys have been allowed to participate in the equestrian events of the Olympic Games, and equestrian has become the only event in which men and women participate together. As a team, horses and athletes will win medals and places together. In July 2005, the IOC decided at its117th plenary meeting that the equestrian events of the 2008 Olympic Games would be held in Hong Kong.

Equestrian competition needs the tacit cooperation between the jockey and the horse to test the horse's skill, speed, endurance and ability to cross obstacles.

Equestrian Games in Old Beijing

As far back as the Yuan Dynasty, there were horse races in big cities. After the Mongols established their capital in Beijing, they brought their favorite horse racing to Beijing and gradually became popular in Beijing. At that time, the imperial court also combined this activity with the military service system to become a system, especially in the case of large-scale gatherings, horse racing, riding and shooting were all such activities.

In the Ming Dynasty, horse riding, riding and shooting were held in Beijing every spring. After entering the Qing Dynasty, horse racing became more popular. Because Manchu is also a nation that is very good at riding and shooting, especially during the Qianlong period, many racecourses were built in Beijing, and horse racing activities were held in various folk festivals. All flag soldiers from princes to nobles were keen on this activity. Therefore, under the advocacy of the royal family, this activity gradually spread to the people and continued until the early Republic of China.

At the end of Qing Dynasty, there was an activity called "Jockey Club" in Beijing. It is not a traditional horse race in China, but a so-called western-style horse race (i.e. equestrian competition). At the end of Xuan Tong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Shuntianfu allocated a piece of land of about 200 mu to Beijing Shen Xi Club, which is located near the lotus pond outside today's Xibianmen. At that time, the area was still desolate. After the completion of the racecourse, it gradually became lively. Every time there is a horse race, people come and go. There are stands, ticket offices, lottery rooms, horse pens and racers' lounges in the racecourse. Every race day, fans from all walks of life in Beijing (including some foreigners in Beijing) keep coming, and there are a sea of people inside and outside the racecourse. Each ticket window and lottery window are marked with the number of knight and horse race, so customers can buy one or more kinds of horse race tickets. Dajia, a wealthy businessman, or those who like this way, spends a lot of money to buy one or more lottery tickets in batches in order to win the lottery. This kind of "Jockey Club" activity continued intermittently until the late Republic of China, and then gradually declined, and those racetracks that were once packed disappeared.

Equestrian evolved from ancient production and war. Horse racing is a competitive activity of human riding and a major basic project of equestrian sports. It is a world-wide traditional sports activity.

According to textual research, in the ancient Olympic Games held in ancient Greece in the 7th century BC, there were four carriages participating, which became popular long before. After more than 40 years of carriage racing, horse racing was changed to be controlled by riders. About16th century, Arabian horses were introduced to the European continent, and horse racing flourished. The chivalry of ancient Rome and ancient Greece in the Middle Ages became a common practice and became the fashion pursued by European aristocrats. Horse riding and horse racing, as one of the seven skills of knights, are greatly flaunted by nobles. 1 174, a racecourse appeared in London, England. Every Friday, a large number of princes and nobles gather here. King Charles I of England provided a bag of gold to the winner of a horse race lasting 4.828 kilometers. This is the first horse racing prize in equestrian history. The horse racing we see now originated in Britain, and its competition method is much more advanced and scientific than that of ancient horse racing.

At present, the countries that develop horse racing in the world are Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong and Macau. Take horse racing in America as an example. More than103,000 horse races are held every year, with 80 million spectators and 120 billion dollars of horse tickets sold. Among them, the Kentucky Derby is the most important, and the best horse races in the United States gather together to compete.

Modern horse racing in China began in 1960s on 19. By 1930s, besides the rapid development of horse racing in Hong Kong, there were two racecourses in Shanghai, three in Tianjin and more than 20 in China. Shanghai Racecourse Hall was the largest racetrack in Asia before liberation.

1982, China applied to join the FIA. Since that year, the National Equestrian Championships have been held every year. Horse racing was included in the official competition of the national championship, but it didn't stop until the end of the National Games in 1987 due to the emphasis on the development of Olympic equestrian events.

1991April, the first horse racing club in new China was born in Shenzhen. The following year, the Ministry held the "Guess the Head Horse" flat race. 1992 April 26th. Golden Horse Cup China Mawang Guangdong Invitational Tournament was held in Huangcun, a suburb of Guangzhou. After Wang Sai in Guangzhou, horse racing activities have come and gone all over the country. Horse racing in China began to heat up.

With the continuous development of horse racing in China, there is a higher requirement for the quality of participating horses. 1995 thoroughbred horses introduced from New Zealand, Inner Mongolia and Ireland in Shenzhen.

Know little about horses

There are about 300 kinds of horses in the world, among which the three most famous ones are blood horses, thoroughbred horses and Arabian horses. Blood horse is an ancient work of art in horses, and there are very few existing ones. Thoroughbred horses are the fastest horses in the world and the best horses on the racetrack. Arabian horses are pets of royalty and tycoons. If thoroughbred horses are compared to noble horses, then Arabian thoroughbred horses are the royal family of horses.

Blood horse originated in ancient Central Asia and is now distributed in Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. In the fast running, the blood horse will shed red sweat drops on its neck, hence its name. This bloody horse made great contributions to the conquest of nomadic peoples in ancient Central Asia. It is said that Genghis Khan's mount is a bloody horse. Blood horses once flourished in China, and all previous governments in ancient China had the tradition of raising and requisitioning blood horses in today's Xinjiang, but in modern times, blood horses almost disappeared in China. In recent years, some have been imported through various channels, and leaders of Central Asian countries have also presented some to China. Now China has formed a small-scale population of bloody horses.

Arabian horse is the oldest horse breed on the earth. Generally speaking, Oriental horse or thoroughbred Arabian horse refers to Arabian horse with desert blood cultivated in Arab region. They have the most beautiful figure among thoroughbred horses. They are not big. They are generally 140_ 150 cm tall and weigh 385_500 kg. It has a typical riding shape: the head is light and handsome, the forehead is wide, the nose on the forehead gradually narrows, the face is upright or slightly concave, the ears are short and vertical, the eyes are big and divine, the distance between the eyes is wide, the nostrils are big, and the lower forehead is deep and wide. The neck is long and beautiful, the back and waist are short. Compared with other horses, it has a lumbar vertebra and 1_2 coccygeal vertebrae, with round ribs, high caudal base, deep buttocks, slender limbs, correct posture of limbs, developed tendons, tough hooves and strong physique.

The color of Arabian horse hair is mainly cyan, followed by mane and chestnut hair, and black hair is rare. There are often white stripes on the head and lower limbs. Pure Arabian horses have no flower hair, spotted hair and buck hair, and their skin is always black regardless of their coat color. Arabian horses have made outstanding contributions to the cultivation and improvement of many horse breeds in the world. The famous British thoroughbred horse was bred by Arabian horses.

The main horse breeds in China are Ili horse in Xinjiang and Mongolian horse in Inner Mongolia. They are all small, so they can't have their place among the world-famous horses.

Riding posture

English leisure cycling usually requires more formal training, and the activity place is held in a formal venue; Dress formally, wear knight hat, breeches, English riding boots or training boots, and the whip is often inserted in the riding boots on the outside of the calf; The aristocratic posture sitting on horseback.

American leisure cycling is generally more common in cross-country cycling. Wear casual and comfortable clothes, usually wearing jeans, cowboy hat or baseball cap, cowboy boots or ordinary boots with leggings. Riding posture is unrestrained and smooth, unrestricted.

steeplechase

The equestrian venue obstacle course is held in sand or grass with a length of 90 meters and a width of 60 meters.

There are 10- 12 obstacles with different shapes in the stadium, including a double obstacle and a triple obstacle. The height of the obstacle is between1.2m and1.4m. Put the obstacle forward1-12&; 127; Number plate. The rider jumps over all obstacles in numerical order.

After the rider enters the venue, the referee will ring the bell to signal the start of the race. The rider must pass the starting point (D) within 60 seconds before the race can begin. After jumping all 12 obstacles, you must pass the post at the finish line (a) before the competition result is valid.

During the competition, every time the rider touches the beam-4 points will be deducted and a fine will be imposed; The horse refused to jump once or disobeyed -3 points; The rider falls for the first time -8 points; If the rider exceeds the specified time, he will be fined 0.25 points per second. The rider did not jump over the obstacle in numerical order, and the horse fell for the second time. The horse refused to jump for three times, and the race time exceeded the limit time and would be eliminated. & amp 127; The winner of the final performance evaluation is less deduction and faster time. Equestrian events are divided into team events and individual events. The team competition consists of four players, and the results of the top three players add up to the team results. The obstacle height of individual competition is higher than that of team competition. If riders get the same penalty points within the specified time, a rematch will be held, which will reduce the number of obstacles and increase the difficulty and height of obstacles. Riders should use skilled skills, don't hit obstacles, and take the best route in order to finish the race in the shortest time and win the final place.

Horse training technique

Also known as "Equestrian Race" or "Advanced Training Race". One of the international equestrian competitions. The rider performs various coherent standardized movements on horseback and skillfully transitions to advanced footwork competitions. The purpose is to compare the degree of obedience, taming and training of horses, the ability of horses to respond to the rider's reins, feet and riding AIDS, and the coordination of horses and people's comprehensive movements. The competition actions include: changing running, walking backwards, changing direction, diagonal stepping, trotting in place, spinning and advanced fancy riding. All required actions are completed within 12 minutes. The score is 0- 10 according to the merits of the completed action. Those who make mistakes, omissions and exceed the time limit will be deducted. Rank according to scores. According to the different training levels of horses, the events are divided into: St. George Award, Intermediate 1, Intermediate 2, Grand Prix and Special Grand Prix.

The dressage competition is held on a field 60 meters long and 20 meters wide. The letters 12 are set on the edge of the field to show the change of the rider's pace at the exact position. After the rider enters the venue from the letter A, he makes various prescribed actions according to the competition list released before the game. These prescribed movements mainly consist of three basic steps: slow, fast and running. Athletes control horses to make various stride movements, such as shortening, middle, lengthening, spinning in place, riding on wheels, diagonal stride, etc. The national championship subject * * * has 22 designated actions, and the highest score of each action is 10. After completing the 22 required movements, there are four other overall impressions: the horse's pace; Horse's action vitality; The obedience of horses; The rider's posture and motion assistance. The highest impression score is 40 points, and the total score of the whole game is 280 points.

Referees score according to the correctness and regularity of the prescribed actions made by riders and horses, the coordination between people and horses, and the obedience and vitality of horses. If there is a violation of the prescribed action route, the referee will signal the rider to suspend the race and correct it. If the rider violates the route for the first time, 2 points will be deducted from the total score of the whole race; Deduct 4 points for the second violation; Deduct 8 points for the third violation; The fourth violation was eliminated. & amp 127; The designated time for the whole game is 7 minutes. After the game, the highest score wins.

Each team allows four riders to participate in the team competition, and the results of three riders with the highest total score are added up, which is the team's team score.

Equestrian three-day race

Also known as "comprehensive all-around equestrian competition". One of the international equestrian competitions. For three consecutive days, including:

The first day of dressage competition;

The next day's cross-country endurance race;

On the third day, the obstacle course was overcome.

Dressage competition is conducted according to the rules of individual dressage competition. The cross-country endurance race consists of four stages.

The first interval and the third interval require riders to run 20 kilometers at an average speed of 240 meters per minute; The second interval is the cross-country obstacle course, which needs to run 3600-4200 meters at an average speed of 600 meters per minute. At the same time, there are three fence barriers every 1000 meters. The fourth interval is cross-country running, which requires running 8000 meters at an average speed of 450 meters per minute. At the same time, four different obstacles are set every 1000 meters. According to the rider's fault punishment and overtime punishment, the performance of the four intervals is evaluated. The steeplechase is designed to test the physical strength and obedience of horses. It is required to finish the race at an average speed of 400 meters per minute. There are 10- 12 obstacles along the way. One third of the obstacles are required to reach the highest limit, and a ditch obstacle must be set up. Riders who make mistakes when crossing obstacles or exceeding the time limit will be fined. Evaluate the results according to the number of points deducted. For three days in a row, riders must ride the same horse.