What is the 3r principle of experimental animal science?

The 3r principles of experimental animal science are introduced as follows:

1. reduction refers to the scientific method of using a small number of animals to obtain the same amount of experimental data or using a certain number of ground animals to obtain more experimental data in scientific research.

2. Substitution refers to the substitution of other methods for experiments or other research topics conducted by animals in order to achieve certain experimental purposes. Or it is a scientific method to substitute unconscious experimental materials for conscious living vertebrates in the past.

3. Refinement refers to a scientific method to improve animal welfare by improving conditions, being kind to animals or improving experimental procedures and techniques on the basis of scientific principles to avoid or alleviate pain and anxiety unrelated to experimental purposes.

Circular economy also has the "3R" principle, namely:

Reduction principle

The principle of reduction requires less raw materials and energy input to achieve the established production purpose or consumption purpose, and then pays attention to saving resources and reducing pollution from the source of economic activities. There are several different forms of reduction. In production, the principle of reduction is often manifested in the requirements for miniaturization and lightweight of products. In addition, the principle of reduction requires that the packaging of products should pursue simplicity rather than luxury and waste, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing waste emissions.

Reuse principle

The principle of reuse requires that manufactured products and packaging containers can be reused in the original form. The principle of reuse requires resisting the proliferation of disposable products in the world today. Producers should design products and their packaging as daily necessities so that they can be used repeatedly like tableware and backpacks. The principle of reuse also requires manufacturers to extend the service life of products as much as possible, rather than updating products very quickly.

Recycle principle

The principle of recycling requires that the produced goods can be turned into usable resources again after completing their use functions, rather than non-recyclable garbage.

According to the idea of circular economy, there are two kinds of recycling, one is primary recycling, that is, waste products are recycled to produce new products of the same type, such as newspaper recycling and cans recycling; The other is secondary recycling, that is, converting waste resources into raw materials for other products. The efficiency of primary recycling in reducing raw material consumption is much higher than that of secondary recycling, which is the ideal realm pursued by circular economy.