Eight ways to recite poetry

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Since ancient times, poetry and song have been closely related.

Song and chant. "Shuowen" notes: "Singers often quote their voices to recite them." "Book of Rites·Yue Ling" chapter: "The sound of music is called a song." Those whose poems can be sung are named after songs. For example: "Song of Attacking Soil", "Song of Gale", etc. Composing poems can also be said to be composing songs. "The Book of Songs·Chen Feng·Tomb Gate" says: "Songs are used to convey information", and the note: "Singing means composing this poem".

Regarding the word ballad, "The Book of Songs Wei Feng You Tao": "I sing and ballad." "Biography": "Yue He Le Yue Ge". Nowadays, folk songs are generally called "ballads", so it is said: "If there are poems, they must be sung." Today people often use the word "poetry" together to form a noun. From this we can see that poetry and song are inseparable.

Ancient poems were all sung with music. Sima Qian said: "Confucius composed all three hundred and five poems with strings." Singing is an expressive art; singing is a way of communication; creative process. Because of his creation, commentary and singing, he is considered to be the three wings of revitalizing Chinese poetry. Only creation can flourish, only commentary can identify, and only singing can spread. As the saying goes: "If you read three hundred Tang poems by heart, you can recite them even if you don't know how to compose them." The art of chanting is a synthesis of literature, music, and language. It is an important factor in the origin of culture. Its position in the Chinese cultural tradition has a long history.

There are records of chanting as early as "Zhou Li Chun Guan". It said: "Teach the sons of the country with music and language, Xing, Dao, satire, recitation, speech, and speech." Zheng Xuan's note: "Reciting the text is called satire, and using the sound and rhythm is called reciting." "Shuowen Jiezi" "Yan" Annotation on Duan Yucai: "Chanting... means chanting, and it is expressed with sounds." (That is, it means a certain melody and rhythm.) Annotation on the word "Yin" in Wang Jun's "Shuowen Judu" of the Qing Dynasty: "The ancient meaning of chanting" , chanting." There is a sentence in "Zhuangzi" that "leans against the tree and chants." "Chu Ci: Fisherman": "After Qu Yuan was released, he swam in the rivers and lakes and chanted on the banks of the river." From this, it seems that chanting has already existed at least in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In later generations, there will be more records about chanting. For example, "Shishuo Xinyu·Literature Chapter" has a good story about "reciting". It is said that when General Xie Shangzhou of Zhenxi was traveling, he heard the sound of poetry chanting on the boat in Jiangzhu, which was "very sentimental", so he invited the poor poet Yuan Hong to meet him (Yuan Hong sang his own poem "Ode to History", "the sound was so emotional") In the Qing Dynasty, his diction was outstanding" (yun), "he talked about Shen Dan", and Yuan Hong's "reputation has been growing day by day since then".

During the Southern Dynasties, Liu Xie, an outstanding literary theorist, mentioned chanting in many places in "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons", such as: "The sound, painting and beauty are expressed in chanting; the taste of chanting flows into the words." ("Sound Rhythm"); "Between chanting, the sound of pearls and jade is exhaled; before the eyebrows, the color of the wind and clouds is curled up" ("Shensi"); "Human beings are endowed with seven emotions, and they respond to things and express their aspirations. "Could it be natural" (Chapter "Poems of the Ming Dynasty"); "The chanting is far-reaching; the body is wonderful, and the power lies in its close attachment" (Chapter "Wise"). Zhong Rong of the same period also wrote at the beginning of "Poetry: General Theory": "The animal of Qi is the moving thing, so it shakes the temperament and forms various dances and chants."

Poets of the Tang Dynasty about chanting There are many poems. Li Bai: "When I boarded the boat and looked at the autumn moon, I remembered General Xie (Xie Shang). I can sing it loudly, but this person cannot hear it." "Who sang for Wu Hui last night?", "Drink your wine and sing for you."... ... Du Fu: "After hearing Wu's poems, I will never forget the meaning of the boat." "After revising the new poems, I will sing them again." "After drinking, I will have nowhere to go, and I will be independent and confused, and I will chant poems." Jia Dao: "I got two sentences in three years. , "March is the 30th day of the month, and I am saddened by the scenery."

There is an article about romantic love in "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" in the Qing Dynasty. The story "Bai Qiu Lian". In the story, Bai Qiulian of the Shui tribe, who was transformed into the "beautiful lady", fell in love with the reciter Mu Sheng's "sonorous syllables" and even "thought about the meal until the end of sleep", and finally got married. Li E, the leader of the Western Zhejiang Ci School in the Qing Dynasty and the famous "Poetry Demon", devoted his whole life to poetry. "I try to walk slowly, look up to the sky and shake my head. Although I am in the alley, I often see the meaning of chanting. People in the city avoid me when I see him, calling him the 'Poetry Demon'".

It is precisely because of such persistence and obsession that he can create a unique path in poetry creation and become the founder of the Zhejiang School. It is also because of this that he can preside over the poetry circles of Jiangsu and Zhejiang for more than thirty years and enjoy a long-lasting reputation. . Xu Guangping's memoirs said that Mr. Lu Xun would always recite traditional poems sonorously after writing. No wonder he wrote such good poems. Mr. Lao She's son Shu Yi has set up a closed private school in Beijing in recent years, where he reads poetry using ancient pronunciation. He said that the Chinese people have lost their ancient sounds and rhymes, and will never reach the level of the writers of previous generations in terms of poetry and prose.

Lin Conglong, a famous contemporary poet, has maintained the habit of reciting throughout his life. Whether he reads his own poems or reads other people's poems, he always chants. I have been dating him for many years, but I have never seen him "read" a poem. On the eve of the Spring Festival in 2003, my beloved daughter unfortunately died in a car accident. I cried and chanted at the same time, and wrote ten songs of "The Crying Girl" in a day and a half. These ten poems are truly "recited" and are praised as true works.

This means that writing poetry and reciting it at the same time can help you write good poetry. Are the words touching? Smooth or not? Are the oblique phonology harmonious? You'll understand with just one chant.

At present, unfortunately, there are too few people who are as obsessed with chanting as Mr. Lin Conglong. In recent years, many poetry organizations have emerged, and various poetry newspapers and periodicals have sprung up like bamboo shoots after the rain; but recitation is still not paid enough attention to. Nowadays, reading poetry has become "reading poetry", "reciting poetry" is just a synonym for reading poetry, and "reciting the altar" has almost become "watching the altar". The auditory factor, which is the essence of metrical poetry, has been largely excluded. If this continues, China's excellent national quintessence art of chanting will become extinct, and may even be in danger of being lost. Mr. Wang Li once said: "Poetry is not written for reading, but for chanting." ("Ten Lectures on Poetry and Rhythm"). If you can only write poetry, read poetry, and read poetry, no matter how high your level is, you are not a complete poet. Or "half poet". Therefore, we must speak loudly: Don’t turn the chanting altar into a “watching altar”, you must learn to chant. So how to "yin"?

The method of chanting can be said to be a mixture of southern and northern tunes, letting a hundred flowers bloom. Traditional singing is an ancient art form that sounds like reading but not reading, and sounds like singing but not singing. It is a singing method that has rhythm and tone but no special score. Now, based on my personal recitation experience and referring to relevant information, I have summarized it into the "Eight Methods" of Poetry Recitation (actually eight key points), which are described below:

1. ? Master the rhythm (rhythm) of poetry and know how to read sentences.

In spoken Chinese (speaking, reading, chanting, etc.), sounds that should occur continuously or closely together are called Chinese rhythm units. Rhythm and rhythmic structure are characteristics of spoken speech that can only be truly reflected in spoken language when speaking. If we violate the correct rhythm, we cannot express our thoughts correctly. For example, the slogan "Pedestrians, etc. are not allowed to relieve themselves here", the correct rhythm structure should be:

Pedestrians, etc. are not allowed to relieve themselves here.

If its rhythm Marked as

Pedestrians - can't wait - here - relieve themselves

completely reverses the meaning.

The division of spoken pronunciation rhythm is based on the meaning units and meaning structures of Chinese. But for metrical poetry, it's different. Because metrical poetry itself already has its own rhythmic structure requirements. This requires that the meaning structure of the poem must in turn conform to the requirements of the rhythm structure (rhythm). The meaning structure of the verse must coincide with the rhythmic structure (meter). 5. There are three types of rhythm structures (rhythms) in seven-character sentences:

Seven-character sentences such as:

① Wang Shi━Beiding━Zhongyuan━日.

One, two, three, four, five and six are two characters with one structure, and seven is one character with one structure.

② Two orioles, singing, and green willows.

One, two, three, four, six and seven are two characters with one structure, and five is one character with one structure.

③ Outside the mountain ━ Qingshan ━ floor ━ Outside ━ floor.

One, two, three and four are two characters and one structure, five, six and seven are one character and one structure, or three characters and one structure.

This means that one and two, three and four cannot be separated; two and three, four and five cannot be connected. The rhythmic intervals between one and two, and three and four, cannot be greater than the rhythmic intervals between two and three, and four and five, otherwise it will violate the rhythm. This means that any sentence whose meaning structure violates the rhythm of metrical poetry can only be read according to the rhythm structure of the poem, not the meaning structure. Examples are as follows:

Meaning structure rhythm structure

For━others━make━marry━clothes should be pronounced as other people━make━marry━clothes

in━silent━place━listen━thunder should be pronounced as in silence━ soundplace━listen ━Thunder

Twenty years ━ sinking ━ Canghai ━ time? Should be read as twenty ━ years sinking ━ Canghai ━ time

Du Xiang ━ Qinglong Temple ━ Looking at the mountains should be read as lone Xiang━Qinglong━Temple━Looking at the mountains

Five-character sentences such as:

① Desire to be poor ━ Thousands of miles ━ Eyes

One, two, three and four are two characters. Structure, five is a single character and one structure

② One year old━one━kurong

One, two, four and five are two characters and one structure, and three is a single character and one structure

③ Lili━元━上━草

One and two are two characters with one structure, and three, four and five are single characters with one structure.

When the meaning structure does not conform to the rhythm structure, you must read according to the rhythm structure. Examples are as follows:

Meaning structure, rhythm structure

To do━ is not as good as━ not to do? Should be read as? To do as to not do━ as to not do

The pen and the tears fell together It should be read as? The pen and the tears fell together

After understanding the rhythmic structure of the verse, you will know how to read the sentence. The so-called "sentence reading" refers to being able to break sentences and distinguish small pauses in sentences. For example: Huang Tingjian's "Bamboo Branch Ci":

The floating clouds - one hundred - eight degrees - lingering,

The setting sun - forty - eight degrees - bright.

The gate of ghosts - outside the gate - Mo Yan - far away,

All over the world - one family - all - brothers.

Among them, words such as "one hundred and eighty", "forty-eight", "Ghost Gate", "four seas and one family" need to be read across rhythm units when reciting poems.

2. Flat, long, oblique and short

The rhythm mentioned above is the "skeleton" of chanting and plays a key "support" role in chanting. Factors that affect rhythm include tone, phrases (steps), pauses, intonation (stress) and other factors. The most important essence of rhythm is the reply and reproduction of a certain length of "time interval" (or "pause"), thus forming several rhythm units (single or multi-word units). For each rhythm unit in poetry, the single word or the last word is called "rhythm point". When we recite poetry, we must first recognize the rhythm points, and then we must deal with the rhythm points specially. Where to place the rhythm points is actually a matter of dividing phrases or steps. Traditional chanting focuses on "sound steps" and usually follows the principle of "flat, long, oblique and short", that is, if the word at the rhythm point has a flat tone, it must be chanted longer; if it has a oblique tone, it must be chanted shorter.

Five, seven-character poems, two words are one beat, and the last word is one beat. The rhyme characters in flat tones can be slightly extended to serve as the end of a sentence, while the rhymes in oblique tones are not extended.

If the second and fourth characters of a five-character poem are in flat tone, they can be extended appropriately. The second and fourth of the seven-character poem. Six characters are flat and need to be extended appropriately.

There should be a long pause at the break between words.

The rules of reciting poems can be summarized into two forms:

1. Pingqi quatrains

Except for the rhyming words that must be chanted for a long time, the long chanting part It should be on the second character of the first sentence, the fourth character of the second and third sentences, and the second character of the fourth sentence. For example, Du Mu's "Night at Qinhuai":

Smoke cage ━━ Cold water, moon cage and sand, night at Qinhuai ━ ━ Near the restaurant

The merchant girl doesn't know ━ ━ The country is overthrown and hates across the river ━ ━ Still singing after Garden Flowers

2. Qiqi Quatrain

In addition to the rhyme characters that must be extended, the long chant should be at characters 4224, that is, the fourth character of the first sentence, the second character of the second sentence. , the second character of the third sentence, and the fourth character of the fourth sentence.

For example, Liu Yuxi's "Autumn Poems":

Autumn has always happened since ancient times - I am sad and lonely - I am sad and lonely - autumn is better than spring

In the clear sky - a crane lining the clouds brings out the poetic feeling ━━To Bixiao

If it is rhymed poetry or arranged rhymes, cycle according to the above method. If you encounter variations of the tune (called Yangguan style, Shunfeng tune), etc., you need to change the rhythm shape. For example, Wang Wei's "Song of the City":

Weicheng━━The guest houses are green in the morning rain and light dust━━The willows are new

I urge you to drink a glass of wine and go west to Yangguan ━━无码人

This becomes the 2424 pattern, which is caused by the loss of adhesion in the third sentence. Mastering the rules of flat length and oblique short is not only applicable to poetry, but also to lyrics.

3.? Cadence

The ancients have always followed the principle of "cadence" when reciting poetry.

The so-called "suppression" means that sometimes the reading is low; "yang" means that sometimes the reading is high; "pause" means that there must be intermittent pauses; "frustration" means that some words need to be stressed. Regarding "raise" and "setback", Chen Shidao, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "Those who are good at reciting ancient poems can embellish one or two good words, and when they sing loudly, they will know the meaning." ("Gift to Wang Yuxiu and Shang Zichang")

Here are some examples:

“━━━” means pause. "┉┉┉" means extended pause. "┃" means intermittent. ?"." indicates rereading. ?“△” means high. ?“↗” means rising tone. ?“↘” means falling tone.

Jing Ke's "Song of Crossing the Yishui"

The wind is rustling and the water is cold. ┃Fu━━━Also┃ ↘ ┉┉┉.

Yue Fei's "The River is Red"?

Angry hair ━━━ rushes to the crown ↗, Pinglan┃ place, Xiaoxiao┉┉┉Rain━━━rest ↘. Raise your eyes ┃ and look up to the sky ┉┉┉ howl loudly, your heart strong ┉┉┉ intense ↘ . Thirty━━━ fame┉┉┉dust┃ and┃earth━━━, eight thousand┉┉┉li┃roads━━━clouds┃and┃moon━━━. Don't wait for ┃ idle, ━━━white ━━━several years ━━━head┉┉┉, empty sorrow ┉┉┉cut ↘ ━━━.

Driving a ━━━ long car ┉┉┉ trampled through, Helan ┉┉┉ mountain┃ was missing. Strong ambitions━━━hungry meals┉┉┉Hulu━━━meat↗, jokes┉┉┉thirst drink━━━Hun┃nu┉┉┉blood━━━. Waiting for ┃ to be collected from the beginning ┉┉┉ and collected ┃━━━old┃mountains and rivers┉┉┉. Chaotian ┃que ↘ .

One of Zhao Yi's "On Poetry"

Li ┃Du━━━Poetry┉┉┉万┃口━━━Biography┉┉┉, till now┉┉┉ ┃Not feeling━━━fresh↘ ┉┉┉. The country has ━━━talented people┉┉┉ coming out from generation to generation, each leading ━━━feng┃sao┉┉┉count┃hundred━━━years ↗ ┉┉┉.

How to chant rhythmically? Mr. Chen Shaosong, a professor of the Chinese Department of Nanjing Normal University, figured out a method of "seeking Qi based on the sound", that is, the appreciation and chanting method of "seeking Qi based on the sound - getting the spirit - entering the country". If you don't know "Yin Sheng" (yin), you won't be able to penetrate the "qi", you won't be able to get the "spirit", and it will be difficult to enter the "realm" of poetry.

4. Learn tones and different readings

What is tones? Tone change refers to the phenomenon that a certain word changes its original tone in spoken pronunciation (speech), or in sentences of poetry and songs, due to the influence of the words before and after it, or the requirements and influence of the melody of the song or the rhythm of the poetry. Call it a change of tone. The so-called different pronunciation means that in a specific language environment, a word is not read according to its usual pronunciation, but another pronunciation is read with a different accent. Therefore, the meaning of transposition and variant reading is the same.

Example 1: The grass grows in Lili Yuan, one (yī) year old and one (yì) dry and prosperous.

The first "一" is pronounced as Yin Ping, and the latter "一" is pronounced as Qu.

Example 2: When you pick up the oriole (ní), don’t teach it to sing on the branches.

"儿" is usually pronounced as "ér", but for the sake of the rhyme of Ye, it is pronounced as "ní".

In traditional poetry, words must be pronounced differently in the following situations.

①? For Ye Yun’s needs.

As in the previous example, the word "son". There are many such situations, here are a few examples:

number - usually pronounced as hào, with a modified tone as háo. Such as:

Le Jiao Le Jiao, who will be named forever! ("Poetry·Shuo Shu")

The high autumn wind howls in August and rolls up the triple thatch on my house. (Du Fu's "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind")

This middle number belongs to the rhyme of "hao". In order to rhyme with "suburb" and "mao", it is pronounced "háo".

Sigh - usually pronounced as tàn, pronounced tān with a modified tone. For example:

Sit down and sigh. (Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult")

The word "sigh" in this poem belongs to the same ten cold rhymes as the other rhymes "pan" and "luan" in this poem.

Oblique - usually pronounced as xié, with a modified tone as xiá. For example:

The stone path on Hanshan Mountain is sloping in the distance. (Du Fu's "Mountain Journey")

The "Xie" in this poem belongs to the same Liuma rhyme as the other rhymes "家" and "花" in this poem.

Look - usually pronounced kàn, pronounced kān with a modified tone. Such as:

Don’t come and look into your dreams. (Pan Lang's "Jiuquanzi")

Among them, "kān" and the other rhymes "Han" in this word belong to the ten cold rhymes.

Snake - usually pronounced shé, with a modified tone pronounced shá. For example:

To avoid fierce tigers and long snakes (Li Bai's "The Road to Shu is Difficult")

The word "snake (shá)" in this poem is similar to the other rhymes of "home" and "home" in this poem. "Ma" belongs to the six rhymes of Ma.

嗟——Usually pronounced as jiē, with a modified tone as jiā. For example:

Turn sideways and look to the west, sighing. (Quoted above)

The word "域(jiā)" is the same as the previous example, and both belong to the Liuma rhyme.

Ya - usually pronounced as yá, with a modified tone as yí. Such as:

Why did Lianjun end up at the end of the world? (Liu Changqing's "Passing Jia Yi's House")

Among them, "Yí" and the other rhymes in this poem, "Chi", "Sad", "Shi" and "Zhi", belong to the same four rhymes.

decline - usually pronounced as shuāi, with a modified tone as cuī. For example:

Although the old woman's strength is declining, please return from the official position at night (Du Fu's "Shi Hao Li")

The word "failing (cuī)" is the same as the other rhymes of this poem "Cooking" "Both belong to the four rhymes.

②? Change the tone in order to adapt to the requirements of the level. Example:

Si - usually pronounced as sī in plain tone and sì in modified tone. Such as:

The poplars and elm pods have no talent and thoughts, but they can only solve the problem of snow flying all over the sky. (Han Yu's "Late Spring")

This is the third sentence of Qijue, and it should end with a oblique tone, so "Si" is pronounced as sì.

Man - usually pronounced as màn in the oblique tone, and mán in the flat tone with a modified tone. For example:

The road to the east of my hometown is long (Cen Shen's "Meeting the Envoy to Beijing")

The word "man" in this poem refers to the other rhymes "qian" and "qian" in this poem. "An" has the same rhyme, so the tone changes.

Horizontal - usually pronounced héng in the flat tone, and hèng in the oblique tone with a modified tone. Such as:

The rain and wind stopped for a while. (Huang Zunxian's "Night Rise")

The word "heng" happens to be at the rhythm point of the oblique sound, so it is pronounced hèng.

③? Variation and pronunciation in special word formation. Example:

Cancha - usually "para" is pronounced as cān, "cha" is pronounced as chā, and both the tone variations are pronounced as cēn and cī. Such as:

The water plants are mixed and flowing from left to right. ("Poetry Guan Jiu")

The joint reading of "Zanza" means uneven length.

Lunjin - "Lun" is usually pronounced lún, but here it is pronounced guān. Such as:

The feather fan and silk scarf, while talking and laughing, the wall and oars disappeared into ashes. (Su Shi's "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia")

Lun scarf, green ribbon, is an ancient Confucian scarf. is a special noun.

Guanchui - "Chui" is usually pronounced as chuī in the flat tone, and chuì in the oblique tone with a change of tone, such as:

Who knows that Zhuxi Road, Gechui is Yangzhou. (Du Mu's "Inscribed on Yangzhou Chanzhi Temple")

This is the performance of ancient musical instruments such as sheng and taro.

Qin Cao - Cao, usually pronounced cāo in the flat tone, and cào in the oblique tone with a change of tone, such as:

Falling feathers and leaving a piece of snow, Yacao enters Guqin. (Li Qunyu's "Lost Crane")

This is a kind of Qin music with special phrases.

5. Clear articulation

Excellent traditional poetry is not only rich in emotion, beautiful in diction, refined in wording, and implicit in expression, but also has clear syllables, harmonious intonation, sonorous rhythm, and complex loops. It swirls, sets off, and has a particularly strong sense of rhythm, so it has a very musical beauty, which creates good conditions for "singing". But how to chant it well? First of all, it is required to speak clearly. Wei Liangfu, a music master of the Ming Dynasty, said in his "Lü": "There are three unique qualities in music: the clear character is the first unique feature, the pure tune is the second unique feature, and the straight tone is the third unique feature." He listed "the clear character" as the first one, which shows that It’s important to speak clearly. Reciting is a form of vocal expression that is very linguistic, between reciting and singing. It is different from ordinary "singing" and has stricter requirements in terms of clear articulation. Aspects such as initial consonants, finals, tones and even tone changes, soft tones, stress, intonation, etc. should be paid attention to. For words with complex finals in a pronunciation, it is also necessary to "close the words and return the sounds", that is, the main finals should be lengthened, and the endings of the words should be gathered at the end.

6. Natural accent

Chanting is expressed through sounds with a certain accent. This kind of tone is the fusion and penetration of language factors and musical factors, and the strong literary nature always runs through it, making chanting the language of music and the music of language, with its unique and unique style. The main principle of forming a chanting tone is that it must be based on the thoughts and feelings contained in the work, and whether it is "natural" or not is an important key. As long as you have a deep understanding of the work and master a certain method, the beautiful sound of chanting will gush out, like flowing clouds and flowing water, simple and natural. The secret lies in the "natural" nature of chanting.

The sounds, colors and scenery of nature are as "natural" as any. Zhuangzi emphasized that "the way of nature is natural and inaction"; Liu Xie believed that "feeling things and chanting aspirations is not natural"; Sikong's illustration of "nature" in the late Tang Dynasty means "it is wherever you find it, don't take the neighbors, go where you want, and start spring." ("Poetry") "Princess·Natural"); Zhong Rong also emphasized the "natural English purpose" and believed that "the literary system is too restrained, which damages its true beauty. I call the literary system, it should be read satirically, and should not be hindered, but it can make the clear and turbid flow smoothly, It is enough to have a sharp tone of voice." ("Shi Pin·Xia Lun"); Xiao Zixian of the Southern Dynasty once claimed that "any writing that is too unconcerned about merit must come from its own initiative and not be restricted by Li"; Lu Youyou said: "The original version of the article. "Natural, unexpectedly obtained by skillful hands." These are all incisive explanations of "nature". Therefore, when we recite, we should be simple and natural, not embellished, and avoid artificiality.

7. To read out thoughts and feelings

Poetry is mainly lyrical. Belinsky said: "Without emotion, there is no poet, and there is no poetry." ("Classical Literary Theory Series" Issue 11) When we recite poetry, we must have deep passion, "Intoxication" "In the artistic conception of the poem, you can read out the thoughts and feelings concentrated in the chapter, and the true feelings burst out, so that you can truly be infected and touch the heartstrings of the listener. The following three points are worth paying attention to:

(1) To deeply understand the purpose of the psalm - what is the author's writing purpose and intention? What's the tendency? Where is the center? Wait, after understanding these, you can determine the tone and tone of your own reading. Liu Xie, a literary theorist of the Southern Dynasties, said: "Those who write essays are moved by emotion and then resign. When reading essays, one has to cover the essays to be emotionally involved. Follow the waves to find the source, even if it is secluded, it will be revealed. You can't see its face from afar, but you can see its heart every time you read it. ." ("Wen Xin Diao Long·Zhiyin") This saying of "covering the text with love" is very reasonable.

Accurately grasp the author's emotional changes - what is the tone of the work? Where is the peak? Is it smooth forward and backward or is it zigzag up and down? Is it a gradual jump or a gradual fall? Wait, if you master these, you will be able to properly handle the high (rising), falling (falling), rapid (fast), slow (slow) and suppressed (low), high (high), and high (high) of your own voice.

(2) Pause (pause) and frustration (rereading).

(3) Recite aloud repeatedly and think more - compared with reading prose, poetry should be read a little slower in order to think more clearly, understand its purpose and understand its meaning. For example, when acting, actors need to enter the role; when reciting poetry, readers also need to enter the poetic realm. Be good at imagining and supplementing along the author's train of thought. Balzac once said: "A person who truly understands poetry will take what is revealed in the author's thoughts and publish it in his own heart." (See "Disillusionment") Ancient Chinese people also had a saying about looking at paintings: "The eyes are full of size, and the vision is full of wonder." Thousands of miles". Those who recite poetry should repeat these words three times.

8. Reciting poems requires a nasal sound

According to Emperor Ming of the Song Dynasty's "Wen Zhi": "Xie An wrote poems for scholars in Luoxia, but he rarely had nasal diseases and his voice was dull. Later Celebrities imitated his chanting, and they covered their noses with their hands and chanted it. This means that during the Western Jin Dynasty, Luoyang scholars had a chanting method. Characteristics that people envy. Therefore, from then on, nasal sounds were generally used when reciting poems.