Lu Xun's literary rival.

Wenyuan is bitter and depressed, and a single person wanders and bears the halberd alone;

Gao Qiu is lonely today, and the fragrance is scattered and painful.

-Cao Juren's "Holding Lu Xun"

I always think that an enemy is your friend in a sense, and a friend can also be your enemy in a sense. If you have the same point of view, you will naturally become friends. Although you have different opinions from different angles, it is likely to evolve from your original friend to your enemy, and the enemy of your original friend, from the enemy of the past, may actually become your friend today.

Recently, Mr. Zhang Yaojie in the tribe wrote an article about Lu Xun and Han Han, which provoked Mr. He Renyong in the tribe to write another article about "Why did Lu Xun use a vest?" "article, and a" mother classmate "also" reprinted "an article by Mr. Chen Danqing on Mr. Lu Xun. In a sense, they all have sincere intentions to" clear the name "of history, which provoked me, a person who likes Lu Xun very much and never despises Hu Shi, to be very technical, so the" faction "or" controversy "about their generation of literary figures is a little superficial. Therefore, the title is simply called "Friends and Enemies of Lu Xun". Of course, there is no need to hide it. Emotionally, I still like Lu Xun's "vest" a little more, but on the whole, it's just the meaning of throwing a brick to attract jade or a dog's tail to continue marten, and there is nothing too much meaning to which side, because in fact, the kind of thinking that Lu Xun and Hu Shi are diametrically opposed and then painted firmly, at least in our time,

In his life, Mr. Lu Xun had many close friends, such as Xu Shoushang and Cao Juren, and many so-called "enemies". The most famous one was Chen Yuan Chen Xiying, who was "swearing at each other" because of the "Liu Hezhen incident". It was simply a big case in the history of modern literature, and the rights and wrongs were very complicated in my opinion. I think it's better to learn from others and wait for others to thoroughly "refute false accusations", although it's not that I don't have any opinions of my own. At least I think the right and wrong of this is not as "hot as fire" as some people exaggerate, or as irreversible as some organizations emphasize. Empty talk is unfounded, and the news in this is really a sentence-"taking the text as evidence." I happen to have a copy of Xi Ying Wen Lu, the first edition of Liaoning Education Press in January, 2. There are some objective comments made by Mr. Chen Zishan in the "Notes to the Book", or they can be used as "stones from other mountains".

"Chen Xiying wrote the column" Gossip ",criticizing the rules" based on theory and facts "from the standpoint of liberal intellectuals, and made sharp but not sharp criticisms on the current politics, society and culture at that time, which had a great influence on readers and was regarded as the representative writer of the" modern critics ". However, in the following year's' Student Movement in Women's Normal University' incident, Chen Xiying's bad relationship with the' Yusi School' headed by Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren became an important case in the history of modern literature in China. Its tortuous course and its implied meaning are still the subject of constant discussion by Chinese and foreign scholars. "

But I also want to say objectively again that Chen Xiying's "Modern Criticism" and Zhou Brothers' "Threads" have different opinions on many issues because of their different viewpoints, and it is inevitable that some people will be angry and some people will criticize Mai Mang, for example, at the end of the article, "About the Crescent Society-A Letter to Mr. Dong Baozhong". At that time, there was not a day when the words attacking me were not seen in Yusi and Beijing Daily Supplement. They were all written by their disciples and grandchildren. Although some people contributed to Modern, they took a gentleman's attitude and ignored it. Therefore, my sarcastic words about Zhou brothers were also sent to Morning Post Supplement for publication. Chi Mo often scolds Lu Xun for not swearing. First, the fire at the city gate hurts the fish in the pool, and then Lu Xun doesn't like him (Lu Xun told people that Chen Mou and I held hands with him, but Xu Zhimo didn't even hold hands with him).

judging from this reply recalling the "Crescent Society", although it is only mentioned by the way at the end, it seems to be still serious, but there is also an article written in 1941 about Lu Xun's < Tomorrow > Discussion on Interpretation is far-fetched and attached to Shi Zhecun's interpretation. Although he thinks this novel "has never had any profound significance", there is no lack of "its moving place lies in the loneliness, emptiness and irretrievable despair of Sister-in-law Shan Si." (ditto)

If these "problems left over from history" are magnified, they will be put into the background of studying in Britain and the United States headed by Hu Shi, Xu Zhimo, Liang Shiqiu and Chen Xiying at that time, and the background of studying in Japan headed by Zhou's brother Yu Dafu, and then involve the geographical division of "a certain department", and then some specific issues (such as the attitude towards the government and some countries, student movements and ideologies). But if we can look at it historically, in fact, from another angle, it's no big deal, and it's normal to put it bluntly. If we have disputes on some issues, we will ask ourselves, there will be so-called "emotional disputes", such as people, and of course there will be mistakes, quarrels and prejudices. For example, I think that Lu Xun's disdain and disdain for Xu Zhimo, apart from the dispute of views, Xu Zhimo's "romantic habits" influenced by Western concepts (marriage, dress, entertainment, attitude towards life, etc.) will naturally be condescended by Lu Xun, who has a traditional shadow in his heart, and even beyond words, but as long as these have not developed to the later, ruthless and unscrupulous relationship between people and ghosts. It seems that Mr. Chen Danqing said something similar: If you look at the scholars of that era, even their normal disputes under the protection of reason, as long as they are always under the protection of reason, no matter how fierce they are, it is also a manifestation of their self-cultivation and knowledge in the contemporary era, which is very contrasting. For example, in the later Cultural Revolution, the ghostly period when the alienation of human nature was distorted to the extreme, I am afraid it is hard to compare.

Zhou Zuoren, one of the "Zhou brothers" with a strong smell of gunpowder in Chen Xiying's mouth, didn't he have such a heartfelt "eulogy" after Xu Zhimo's plane crash? Come out from Zhimo's memorial service today? Shima is dead, and now when I read the suicide note, I only feel that the ancient people are all dead, and there is nothing else to say. With the death of Shima, no one can do such exquisite articles anymore. However, these books remain in the world, and Shima's achievements in literature still exist for a long time. ? However, what we feel sorry for the death of Zhimo is the loss of people. ? Zhimo is a lovely person. He has his own opinions and ways, or maybe he has his own shortcomings, but his attitude and speech are always kind and honest, which makes people feel approachable. It's been more than twenty days since Zhimo died. I wanted to write a small article to commemorate him. Where can I start writing? I believe that most of the articles that can be written are dispensable. Only the voice, color, posture, or one-tenth of them can be expressed. When it comes to words, it is a bit suspicious, let alone words. ?” (See "Zhi Mo Memorial" on pages 33-35 of Zhou Zuoren's Prose by Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House)

That's enough. If you don't want to get some convincing evidence, you would almost make it a "Rex Sacrifice" long article again. But in order to show fairness and comprehensiveness, let's find another article for Mr. Lin Yutang to remember Lu Xun after his death. Although they were all generals of the "Silk School", they still could not escape the fate that some people called "friends" turned into "enemies". However, this "enemy" is much more tolerant of his own political opponents or enemies.

"Lu Xun died in Shanghai on October 19th, 25. When I was in new york, I saw Herald-Tribue Telecom the next day. In dismay, I told my friends and they were also amazed. ? Lu Xun and I get together twice, and the alienation is twice. That is, their separation comes from nature, and it is not because Lu Xun and I are graceful in the meantime. I always respect Lu Xun; Lu Xun cares about me, I like knowing each other, and I have no regrets when Lu Xun abandons me. Generally speaking, everything you see is the same, but it is a sign of separation, and there is no selflessness. ? Lu Xun is not a scholar, but a soldier. Who is a warrior? Wearing a helmet and armor, holding a spear and a shield for fun. ?” ("The Death of Lu Xun" on page 232-233 of Lin Yutang's Essays Collection of Life, Hainan Publishing House)

Find another reliable person who has contacts with both sides to "intercede" for you. Yu Dafu's generation is not only Lu Xun's fellow villagers, friends and comrades, but also people who know each other very well; At the same time, he is also a middle school classmate of Xu Zhimo, and his friendship is not shallow. Even to the death, I don't want to echo the "condemnation" of Zhou Zuoren by Guo Moruo and others, and think he is very-"pseudo". Let's see how he comments on the "separation of grievances". Because Lu Xun even got it later, he was very unhappy with his brother, which led to a lot of unnecessary suspicions. "According to the chicken for their judgment, thought that the discord between their brothers, is completely two people's misunderstanding. ? However, anyone who knows Lu Xun and Qiming's wife knows that the three of them are completely good people; Although Lu Xun also scolded the gentleman, as far as I know, they are the only real gentlemen. "

When talking about Lin Yutang, "Speaking of Lin Yutang, he is really a true Anglo-American gentleman with a pure nature, and he will never suspect that people deliberately tell unimportant lies." Later, Lu Xun sued Beixin Bookstore for royalties. (Mu Chun's press: Liang Yuchun also complained about Li Xiaofeng's delay in the payment of royalties, which should not be an isolated case. ) two people make up, Yu Dafu and said, "this is, of course, a misunderstanding between the two sides, and later Lu Xun also understood; There was a reconciliation between him and Yutang. ? When the news of Lu Xun's death reached the ears of Yutang, who was living in the United States at that time, Yutang had extremely sad condolences. " ("Memories of Lu Xun" on pages 322-344 of Yu Dafu's prose collection "Returning to the Sea" by Hainan Publishing House)

There are also some articles about Lu Xun and Zhang Shizhao, and the masters of Modern Review, and Gao Changhong who wants to be "sturm und drang", as well as Qian Xingcun of Sun Society and Ye Lingfeng of Creation Society (Mu Chunpress: it is said that he also visited the ghost of Lu Xun in his later years. If you want to collect it extensively, you can find many such examples in many other people's articles. I think it would be nice if we could only understand that this is all the difference in the so-called "point of view" above. Maybe everyone is not a sinister person, and naturally there is no sinister intention. Even the political dispute was put in that special era when the pluralism contended for the intersection of China and the West, or it just reflected a good atmosphere of "gentleman's struggle" that is enviable now, isn't it? I am reminded of Chen Danqing's "cultivation" again.

In addition, regarding Lu Xun and Hu Shi's attitude towards those in power, I think fundamentally speaking, regardless of whether Jiang Zhongzheng's personal political self-restraint is doped, generally speaking, Hu Shi, Liang Shiqiu and Lin Yutang should be regarded as so-called "liberal intellectuals" within the system, which is not difficult to see in their education system, so that they can be further recognized, although they attack those in power. Although Lu Xun also served as a minister of the Ministry of Education, after all, he was once an emperor and a courtier. From such an explicit article as "On the Surprise of Friends", I can guess that his preciseness and his refusal to "never forgive others" are, to be honest, quite stubborn in character, which is determined by his personal character and cannot be put on another level. Isn't Ji Kang, whom he admires, very difficult to get along with? Is Ji Kang not as good as a Feng Dao-style figure with a round face? But I think, if divided, his old people should belong to another category of "outside the system", the so-called "opposition party." Then, I think relatively speaking, within the system, we can name names, while outside the system, we may have scruples. This is also a normal thing, and there is no need to blame. Judging from Mr. Hu Shi's overall attitude towards "Jiang Gong", it also reflects extremely complicated aspects: it seems that there is both a side of hoping for a free constitutional government, which is a "theme song", and a side of hoping that Jiang Gong will establish a "sage government" to some extent, which may be regarded as an "episode". This point, whether it is Yin Haiguang Lei Zhen or Li Ao who wrote "A Commentary on Hu Shi", should be seen in these aspects.

In addition, I think that the arguments between Lu Xun and Chen Yuan and Xu Zhimo are of the same class, but the arguments about Shao Xunmei, a talented person with the style of "Pan An", are not of the same class. Of course, I don't think that Shao Xunmei is "useless", and the scholars of that era, that is, Zhou Fohai Wang Jingwei and Hu Lancheng, also have their own "characteristics" that cannot be denied. Although I don't pay much attention to this "person who became famous with Zhang Ailing".

Actually, there are still many friends who have "turned against" Lu Xun, or "enemies" who have had arguments about their viewpoints. Someone specially wrote a book about Lu Xun's enemies to sort out the history. Somehow, I hope it will become a self-examination and self-examination in the face of history in today's era. For example, I still remember why he quarreled with Gu Jiegang, with Shi Zhecun, with Fei Ming, and even with his brother Zhou Zuoren. In fact, we can adopt a sympathetic and tolerant attitude towards these people, who are already very individual and all are well-known figures in the history of modern culture, without having to go online and be too boastful. On an understandable level, whether Lu Xun or his opponent is put into a larger historical level, or they are not bad people, but they are all "particularly cute" or "relatively cute" people of that era. Let's say the dispute between him and Shi Zhecun. Lu Xun's opposition to young people's reading of ancient books is based on the perspective of "focusing on the reality of society", but what about Shi Zhecun? Advocating Selected Works and Zhuangzi is based on understanding traditional culture and increasing writing vocabulary. Strictly speaking, neither of them has any bad intentions. Another example is the dispute between him and Lin Yutang. He advised Lin Yutang to translate and introduce more modern and contemporary western novels, which Lin Yutang thought was "something for the elderly". Otherwise, his works such as Trembling Wind and Clouds in Beijing would not come out.