What are the related contents of Nanchang Uprising and Autumn Harvest Uprising?

1. Nanchang Uprising:

In April and July 1927, the Chiang Kai-shek clique and Wang Jingwei clique within the Chinese Kuomintang colluded with imperialism and the big landlords and big bourgeoisie to carry out uprisings in Shanghai and Counter-revolutionary coups were launched across the country in Wuhan and many other places, brutally massacring communists and revolutionary masses, which resulted in the failure of the Chinese people's first anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution initiated by the Kuomintang in 1924. .

In order to resist the massacre policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries and save the Chinese revolution, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was reorganized on July 12 and stopped the right-leaning opportunist leadership of Chen Duxiu, General Secretary of the Central Committee. In the second half of the year, he decided to assemble some of the National Revolutionary Army under his control and influence, and join the Second Front Army with Zhang Fakui as the commander-in-chief to go south to Guangdong, join the local revolutionary forces, carry out agrarian revolution, restore the revolutionary base areas, and then launch a new Northern Expedition.

Li Lisan, Deng Zhongxia, Tan Pingshan, Yun Daiying, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Ting and others organized this action in Jiujiang, but found that Zhang Fakui was closely colluding with Wang Jingwei and began to persecute the Communist Party in the Second Front Army. people. He immediately suggested to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that he rely on the troops he controlled and influenced to "carry out a riot in Nanchang."

Accordingly, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China designated Zhou Enlai, Li Lisan, Yun Daiying, Peng Pai and others to form the Former Enemy Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with Zhou Enlai as secretary, and went to Nanchang to lead the uprising. The troops scheduled to participate in the uprising include: the 24th and 10th Divisions of the 11th Army of the Second Front of the National Revolutionary Army, the entire 20th Army, the 73rd and 75th Regiments of the 25th Division of the 4th Army, and the 5th Front Army headed by Zhu De. The First Division of the 3rd Army Officer Education Corps and the First Division of the Security Team of the Nanchang Public Security Bureau recruited more than 20,000 people. Starting from July 25, the 11th and 20th armies, under the command of Ye Ting and He Long respectively, successively concentrated on Nanchang from Jiujiang, Tujiabu (today's Yongxiu) and other places. On the 27th, Zhou Enlai and others arrived in Nanchang and formed a committee of former enemies to lead the intensification of preparations for the uprising.

At this time, the main force of the 3rd Army of the Fifth Front Army of the Kuomintang Wuhan government (commander-in-chief Zhu Peide) was located in the Zhangshu, Ji'an, and Wanan areas, the main force of the 9th Army was located in the Jinxian and Linchuan areas, and the 6th Army The main force is marching towards Nanchang via Pingxiang; the rest of the Second Front Army is located in the Jiujiang area; only more than 3,000 troops from the Fifth Front Army Garrison Regiment and the 3rd, 6th, and 9th Army are stationed in Nanchang City and its suburbs. The Front Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to hold an uprising on August 1 before the arrival of reinforcements.

At 2:00 on August 1, under the leadership of Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De, and Liu Bocheng, the Nanchang Uprising began. According to the battle plan of the Front Committee of the Communist Party of China, the 1st and 2nd Divisions of the 20th Army launched attacks on the defenders at the Old Fantai Yamen, Dashiyuan Street, Niuxing Station, etc.; the 24th Division of the 11th Army attacked the Songbai Lane Catholic Church. The defenders of the church, new barracks, Baihuazhou and other places launched an attack. The fierce fighting lasted until dawn, and more than 3,000 defenders were wiped out. More than 5,000 guns of various types, more than 700,000 rounds of bullets, and several cannons were seized. In the afternoon of that day, the entire 73rd Regiment of the 25th Division stationed in Mahuiling, three battalions of the 75th Regiment and the machine gun company of the 74th Regiment revolted under the leadership of Nie Rongzhen and Zhou Shidi, and arrived in Nanchang on August 2 to gather.

After the success of the uprising, the Front Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Central Committee Declaration" of the Kuomintang left wing in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that this uprising should still use the name of the Kuomintang left wing to call for revolution, exposing Chiang Kai-shek. , Wang Jingwei's various crimes of betraying the revolution, expressing his determination to support Sun Yat-sen's "three major policies" and continue to fight against imperialism and feudal warlords.

On the morning of August 1, a joint meeting was held with the participation of members of the Kuomintang Central Committee, representatives of provinces, autonomous regions, special cities, and overseas party headquarters. The Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee was established and elected Deng Yanda, Song Qingling, He Xiangning, and Tan Pingshan. , Wu Yuzhang, He Long, Lin Zuhan (Boqu), Ye Ting, Zhou Enlai, Zhang Guotao, Li Lisan, Yun Daiying, Xu Teli, Peng Pai, Guo Moruo and other 25 committee members. The Revolutionary Committee appointed Wu Yuzhang as secretary-general, and appointed Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Liu Bocheng and others to form a staff group. As the military command organ, Liu Bocheng was the chief of staff and Guo Moruo was the director of the General Political Department. It was also decided that the insurgent army would still use the National Revolutionary Army. As for the designation of the Second Front Army, He Long concurrently acted as the Commander-in-Chief of the Front Army, and Ye Ting concurrently acted as the Commander-in-Chief of the Front Army and the former enemy.

The affiliated 11th Army (administered the 24th, 25th, and 10th Divisions), Ye Ting served as the commander, and Nie Rongzhen served as the party representative; the 20th Army (administered the 1st and 2nd Divisions), He Long served as the commander, and Liao Ganwu served as the party representative; In the 9th Army, Zhu De was appointed as deputy commander and Zhu Kejing was appointed as party representative. The entire army has more than 20,000 soldiers.

On August 2, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life in Nanchang gathered to celebrate the great victory of the Nanchang Uprising and the establishment of the Revolutionary Committee. After the meeting, young people from all walks of life enthusiastically joined the army, and hundreds of students signed up.

After the Nanchang Uprising, Wang Jingwei urgently ordered Zhang Fakui, Zhu Peide and other troops to attack Nanchang. Starting from August 3, in accordance with the original plan of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Front Committee of the Communist Party of China directed the rebel army to withdraw from Nanchang in batches and move south along the Fuhe River, planning to enter Guangdong Province via Ruijin and Xunwu (now Xunwu). , first capture the Dongjiang area, develop revolutionary forces, win foreign aid, and then capture Guangzhou. When the rebel army entered Jinxian County, the commander of the 10th Division, Cai Tingkai, expelled the Communist Party members working in the division and led his troops to turn to northeastern Jiangxi and break away from the rebel army. Due to the hasty withdrawal of the rebels from Nanchang, the unorganized troops, and the hot summer expedition, the troops lost a lot of troops. When they arrived in Linchuan on the 7th, the total number of troops was about 13,000.

The rebels rested in Linchuan for three days before continuing their march south. On August 25, the vanguard arrived in the area north of Rentian, Ruijin County. At this time, Li Jishen, the commander-in-chief of the 8th Route Army of the Kuomintang Army stationed in Guangdong, mobilized 9,000 people from Qian Dajun's troops to advance from Ganzhou to the Huichang and Ruijin areas, and sent one of them forward to Rentian to prevent the rebel army from going south; he mobilized Huang Shaohong The 9,000 troops from Nanxiong and Dayu (today's Dayu) advanced to Yudu (today's Yudu) to support Qian Dajun's troops in the battle. Under this situation, the Front Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to take advantage of the fact that the forces of Qian and Huang had not yet been fully concentrated to carry out various defeats. On the same day, the rebel army launched an attack on the Rentian defenders, wiped out part of them, and captured Ruijin County on the 26th. Then, Qian Dajun concentrated his forces to attack the main force of Huichang. They fought fiercely until the 30th and captured Huichang County. In two battles, 6,000 people from Qian Dajun's tribe were wiped out and more than 2,500 guns were seized. The rebels suffered nearly 2,000 casualties. In early September, part of the rebel army repelled the attack of Huang Shaohong's troops in the Luokou area northwest of Huichang.

After the battle in Huichang, the rebels turned back to Ruijin one after another, changed their route to the east, passed through Changting and Shanghang in Fujian Province, and went south along the Ting River and Han River. On September 22, the 25th Division of the 11th Army occupied Sanheba in Dabu County, Guangdong Province. The main force continued to move south and occupied Chao'an (today's Chaozhou) and Shantou on the 23rd. During this period, Li Jishen ordered Qian Dajun's remnant troops to contain the 25th Division, Huang Shaohong's troops attacked Chao'an via Fengshun, and Chen Jitang's and Xue Yue's divisions with more than 15,000 men formed an East Route Army to march eastward from Heyuan to find the rebel army. The main battle. Based on the above situation, the Front Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the newly-built 3rd Division of the 20th Army will be stationed in the Chaoshan area along with the Revolutionary Committee, and the main force of more than 6,500 people will be concentrated to meet the eastward advancing enemies.

On September 28, the main force of the insurgent army encountered the Eastern Route Army in the area near Shanhu (Yuhu) in Jieyang County and defeated it. There was another fierce battle with the enemy in the Shuicun area. By the 30th, the rebels suffered more than 2,000 casualties and were unable to fight anymore, so they retreated to Jieyang. That night, Huang Shaohong's troops captured Chao'an. On October 3, the main force of the rebel army met with the revolutionary committee that had withdrawn from Chaoshan in Liusha (today's Puning City), and continued to retreat to the Haifeng and Lufeng areas. When passing through Lianhua Mountain near Zhongtan Village in the southwest of Liusha, they were attacked again. The Eastern Route Army intercepted and fought fiercely, and most of the troops were defeated. The leaders of the Revolutionary Committee and the rebel army dispersed and moved, and the remaining 1,300 people entered the Hailufeng area. The 25th Division stationed at Sanheba, after inflicting heavy casualties on Qian Dajun's troops, moved to Chao'an. On October 5, it met with the first part of the 3rd Division that had withdrawn from Chaoshan at the border of Raoping County.

After that, the two troops, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to the borders of Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Hunan. In the end, about 800 rebels were saved and participated in the Shonan Uprising. In April 1928, they arrived at the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area. Joined the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops on the Hunan-Jiangxi border led by Mao Zedong.

This is a long-distance march, starting from Nanchang, passing through Fuzhou, Yihuang, Guangchang, Shicheng, Ruijin, Huichang, Changting, Shanghang, and Dabu until September 23 and 20 On the 4th, they occupied Chaozhou and Shantou and marched for more than a month before stopping. The leading troops had already entered the Hailufeng area. Along the way, they won a victory at Rentian Village north of Ruijin and another victory at Huichang, annihilating more than one enemy division. Although the soldiers of the guard were extremely tired, they were in high spirits and maintained a high mood to protect the safety of the Revolutionary Committee, the leading organ of the rebel army.

I was a squad leader in the Guard at the time.

After occupying Chaozhou, our platoon was ordered to stay there and take on the task of guarding the logistics department and material warehouse. After withdrawing from Chaozhou, we crossed the Han River eastward and headed towards Raoping. When we arrived in Raoping, Comrade Zhu De had led the 25th Division and the Ninth Army Teaching Group to withdraw there from Sanheba, and we joined this team.

Then under the leadership of Comrades Zhu De and Chen Yi, the strategic shift began to be made in the direction of Fujian and Jiangxi. This was another long-distance march, passing through Raoping, Pinghe, Dabu, Yongding, Wuping, and Xinfeng to the Nankang and Dayu areas. Due to continuous marching and fighting, the number of troops in the army was greatly reduced, and some unsteady soldiers and cadres were shaken by the revolution and left the army one after another. When they arrived in Nankang, there were still more than a thousand people left, and when they arrived in Dayu, only seven were left. , 800 people. Due to the impure composition of the army, too few grassroots party members, and poor military discipline along the way, the army was reorganized into a regiment, with Comrade Zhu De as the regiment leader and Comrade Chen Yi as the regiment instructor. They personally rectified the discipline of the troops and strengthened political work. The bad elements were eliminated and the remaining comrades became more determined. The situation was changing rapidly. When the old calendar year was about to end, we entered Hunan and arrived in Yizhang. After wiping out the reactionary armed forces in the county, we openly attacked local tyrants, divided their fields, established Soviet power, and officially raised the red flag of sickle and axe. The vigorous Shonan Uprising was held.

2. Autumn Harvest Uprising:

In September 1927, the Communist Party of China led a peasant armed uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. After the August 7th Conference, Mao Zedong was appointed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and went to Changsha as a special commissioner of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to lead the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi. On August 18, the reorganized Hunan Provincial Party Committee held a meeting at the Shen family mansion on the outskirts of Changsha to discuss plans for the Autumn Harvest Uprising. At the meeting, Mao Zedong emphatically elaborated on the idea that political power comes from the barrel of a gun. The meeting decided to completely draw a clear line with the Kuomintang, call on the masses with a clear-cut banner in the name of the Communist Party of China, and determined to concentrate its efforts on launching an armed uprising centered on Changsha in eastern Hunan and western Jiangxi.

In order to facilitate the leadership of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the Provincial Party Committee determined that the leading organs of the Autumn Harvest Uprising were divided into two. One was the Party’s Former Enemies Committee composed of military leaders. Mao Zedong was appointed as secretary to serve as the military leader of the armed uprising. command organ. The other is the party's action committee, which is composed of the heads of local party committees in the uprising areas. Yi Lilong is appointed as secretary and is responsible for local work. In early September, the Hunan Provincial Party Committee decided to start destroying the Guangdong-Han and Zhuping-Ping railways on September 9th. On the 11th, various counties uprising, and on the 16th, Changsha uprising.

This Autumn Harvest Uprising did not use the designation of the National Revolutionary Army, but unified the uprising troops into the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. Lu Deming served as the commander-in-chief and Yu Sadu served as the division commander. There were three divisions under his jurisdiction: Regiments: The first regiment is composed of the former Wuhan National Government Guard Corps, headed by Zhong Wenzhang; the second regiment is composed of the Anyuan Workers' Picket Team, Mine Police Team, and the Peasant Self-Defense Army from Pingxiang and other places, headed by Wang Xinya; The first battalion of the former Wuhan National Government Guard Regiment and some workers and peasants' armed forces in Liuyang were organized into the third regiment, headed by Su Xianjun. About 5,000 people participated in the uprising. In addition, before the uprising, a regiment of local bandit armed Qiu Guoxuan was also incorporated. The uprising troops aimed to capture Changsha and specifically deployed the action plans of each regiment. On September 9, the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border between Hunan and Jiangxi broke out as planned. The railway workers and farmers who participated in the uprising first destroyed the two sections of railway from Yueyang to Huangsha Street and from Changsha to Zhuzhou, cutting off the enemy's transportation.

The first regiment set out from Xiushui, Jiangxi Province, attacked Changshou Street, and occupied the Longmen Factory in Pingjiang County on September 10. At this time, Qiu Guoxuan's troops, who had mixed up with the rebel troops, took the opportunity to rebel. When the first regiment passed by Jinping to attack Changshou Street, the Qiu tribe suddenly attacked, causing the regiment to be attacked from both sides, losing more than 200 people and more than 200 rifles. The regiment leader Zhong Wenzhang disappeared and was forced to move to Liuyang. After the Anyuan Uprising, the second regiment failed to attack Pingxiang, attacked to the west and occupied Laoguan and Liling, and then moved north to occupy Liuyang. Because the troops were paralyzed and underestimated the enemy, they were surrounded by superior enemies on September 16. The troops were dispersed, some of them broke through and escaped, and many people died.

The third regiment launched an uprising in Tonggu on September 11 and successfully occupied Baisha Town, and then occupied Dongmen City on September 12. On September 14, the enemy troops surrounded the third regiment in two groups, and the regiment was forced to retreat to Shangping.

In view of the setbacks of the three groups of uprising troops, Mao Zedong immediately changed his plan to attack Changsha and notified the uprising troops in the name of the former party secretary to assemble in Wenjia City, Liuyang County. On September 19, various uprising troops arrived in Wenjia City, Liuyang County, Hunan Province.

That night the former enemy committee held a meeting. According to the situation where the enemy is strong and we are weak, the meeting changed the plan to attack Changsha and decided to preserve our strength, persist in armed struggle and develop revolutionary forces in rural areas where the enemy's ruling power is weak. On the morning of September 20, more than 1,500 rebel troops left Wenjia City and headed south. On September 23, the insurrectionary troops were ambushed by the reactionary army in Luxi Town, losing hundreds of people and the commander-in-chief Lu Deming died.

On September 25, the uprising troops captured Lianhua County in the rain. On September 29, when the uprising troops arrived in Sanwan Village, Yongxin County, there were less than a thousand people. There were too many officers and few soldiers. The troops were ideologically confused and had poor organizational discipline. That night, Mao Zedong convened a committee of former enemies and decided to reorganize the troops. This is the famous "Three Bay Reorganization". On October 3, the insurgent troops left Sanwan Village and began to march toward Jinggangshan. On October 27, the insurgent troops arrived at Ciping in the Jinggang Mountains in the middle of the Luoxiao Mountains, creating the first rural revolutionary base under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.