? Four sects-Shaolin Sect

Shaolin is the martial arts school with the widest range, the longest history and the most kinds of boxing in the Central Plains, and it is named after the Shaolin Temple in Songshan, Zhongyue.

as for the origin of Shaolin School, according to the book "Legend of Jingdezhen Lights" in the Northern Song Dynasty, in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, during the Daiwa period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Later Wei Dynasty (477-499), Master Dharma came from the northern part of Liang, and spent nine years in Songshan Shaolin Temple, where he succeeded. Then he passed on the two classics "Yi Jin" and "Washing the marrow" and founded Shaolin Wushu. This statement is recorded in many ancient books, and Li Jing wrote the preface to Yijin Sutra in the Tang Dynasty. However, the historical facts of the examination are not consistent with history. Modern scholars have proved that this is just a legend, and Dharma, known as the early ancestor of Zen, has no such martial arts.

Historically, before Dharma, the martial arts atmosphere in the monasteries of the Northern Dynasties was formed. In the 19th year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (495), Shaolin Temple was built in Songshan Mountain, which was originally built for Ba Tuo (also known as Buddha), a monk in the western regions. Later, Dharma came to the temple. Although Dharma founded Zen, it was not the founder of Shaolin Wushu. In fact, Shaolin Wushu was gradually formed spontaneously in the long-term practice of monks and nuns.

the development of Shaolin Wushu. A great event that began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Before the Sui Dynasty, there was chaos in the world. Shaolin Temple was robbed by mountain thieves, and monks rose up to resist the enemy. Thieves set fire to the temple. Li Shimin, the king of Qin, fought against Wang Shichong, the emperor of Zheng, and Shaolin monks were invited to help, taking Wang Renze alive and forcing Wang Shichong to surrender. This is the famous "Thirteen Stick Monks Save the King of Tang" and the historical prototype of the famous film Shaolin Temple. After Li Shimin acceded to the throne, he gave great rewards to 13 people, including Tanzong, Zhicao, Huici, Shanhu, Puhui, Mingsong, Lingxian, Pusheng, Zhishou, Daoguang, Zhixing, Man and Feng. Shaolin Temple flourished again, and Shaolin Wushu began to flourish, gradually becoming the first martial arts school in the Central Plains.

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin is also said to be a disciple of Shaolin laity. From Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, Shaolin Wushu had a great development. In the Yuan Dynasty, King Jinnaluo, the Great Sage, taught Shaolin cudgel skills and became a school of his own. The Buddhist master Fuyu gathered Shaolin bunts, and the characteristics of Shaolin Wushu became increasingly prominent. By the Ming Dynasty, Shaolin had formed the prestige of "fighting for fame in the world". In the 23rd year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (13th), Shaolin Temple organized monks and soldiers to fight against Japanese invaders in the south of the Yangtze River. In the 5th year of the Apocalypse (1625), it set up a "Shaolin Temple" and became the sect of Wulin in the world. In the Ming Dynasty, there were famous people who hated Wu, such as Master Jue Yuan, Monk Hill, Monk Moon Sky, Master Painful Zen, and 18 people including Wu Xu, Zhou You, Zhou Shen, Hong Zhuan, Hong Ji, Hong Xin, Pu Cong, Pu Shi, Guang Press, Zong Qing, Zong Xiang, Zong Dai, Dao Zong, Dao Fa, Qing Pan, Qing Yu, Tong He and Xuan Qing. After the Ming Dynasty, Shaolin Wushu gradually changed from stick to fist. It also absorbed many kinds of folk boxing, gathered the achievements of martial arts in the world, and formed Shaolin School.

During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (or Yongzheng in some cases), the imperial court burned Shaolin Temple for hiding anti-Qing righteous men "conspiring against the Qing Dynasty", and it was forbidden for the people to practice martial arts, so Shaolin Wushu went underground. It was transferred from a branch of South Shaolin, and it is said that Hong Men was founded. Tessai, Zhi Shan, Zhi Guo, over the rainbow, Zhan Ju, Wu Jian, Gu Lun, Miao Xing, Zhen Xu, Degen, etc.

Shaolin School is not only the kung fu of Shaolin Temple, but also the master of the whole foreign kung fu represented by Shaolin Temple Wushu. On the one hand, Shaolin monks introduced a lot of boxing from the people, on the other hand, Shaolin Temple also recruited lay disciples, which made Shaolin martial arts spread among the people. At the same time, Shaolin also established branches in various places. Since the establishment of Jiulianshan Shaolin Temple Branch in Putian, Fujian Province (namely South Shaolin Temple) during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhist monk Fuyu in the Yuan Dynasty established five Shaolin temples in Waimenghelin (now Harahelin, former Hang 'ai Province of Mongolia), Panshan, Chang 'an, Taiyuan and Luoyang in Jixian County, Tianjin, respectively. The origins of many sects are closely related to Shaolin, and even the legend of Wudang and Emei's opening sects is also said to be Shaolin.

Among the branches of Shaolin Temple, South Shaolin is the most important. South Shaolin is also the ancestor of Nanquan, with five fists as the main boxing method, including dragon boxing to practice the spirit, tiger boxing to practice the bones, leopard boxing to practice the spirit, snake boxing to practice the spirit, and crane boxing to practice the essence, as well as Nanquan, all the way to Shaolin, two ways to lift Lu Shaolin and three ways to Shaolin; Four-way stepping Shaolin, five-way Wushu Shaolin, six-way deifying Shaolin and other routines. (See A Brief Introduction to Shaolin Martial Arts by Shi Yongwen, a disciple converted to Shaolin Temple in Songshan Mountain, and Wulin, No.7, 1983)

There are many Shaolin tribes, which are called "three masters" and "doors". The "three great masters" are Hongjia Shaolin, Kongjia Shaolin and Yujia Shaolin. The "gates" are Dashengmen, Luohan Gate, Erlangmen and Weituo Gate. Another example is Liuhe, Octupole, Split Hanging, Tongarm, Taizu, Yan Qing, Hua Quan, Chaquan, Mizong, Motive, Mingtang, Shajiao, Poke Foot, Ditan, Hongquan, Fanshou, Monkey Boxing, Mantis, Drunken Boxing and Wing Chun, which are all developed from Shaolin Wushu.

Shaolin has many routines, including boxing alone, which is said to have as many as 172 kinds, including Xiaohong Boxing, Dahong Boxing, Chaoyang Boxing, Tide Watching Boxing, Cannon Boxing, Tongbi Boxing, Plum Blossom Boxing, Long Hammer Boxing and Taizu Long Boxing. Black tiger boxing, Xingyi Line, Luohan Boxing, Liuhe Boxing and "Seventy-two Skills of Shaolin". Sticking, marksmanship and knife-cutting are also the bulk of Shaolin Wushu, each with dozens of routines, while swordsmanship includes two swords, five swords, dragon sword, dragon sword, white ape sword, Liu Xuande double sword, Dharma sword and won robe sword. There are dozens of weapons, such as Fang Tianji, Sanku Fork, Strafe, Crescent Axe, Meihuagui, and more than 1 kinds of Sanda, such as mind handle, tiger pounce handle, Youlong Feibu, Danfeng Chaoyang, cross disorderly handle, Laojun lifting gourd, fairy picking eggplant, stealing peach from the bottom of leaves, and chopping melon behind the head, such as bone unloading method, grasping method, acupoint secret method, slingshot spectrum, Yi Jin Jing Yi, and so on.

The essence of Shaolin Wushu is that the founder of Dharma saw that people hated meditation that day, and he was depressed, and it was difficult to settle down, which hindered Buddhism. After careful study, it was caused by physical weakness. From this, he realized that to practice Buddhism, one must first strengthen one's body, and create a fist method because of the effect of birds and animals. Therefore, the first thing is to adjust one's breath, practice a hundred skeletons, advance and retreat quickly, and be both rigid and flexible, especially rigid.

the relationship between Shaolin martial arts schools and chivalrous culture is manifested in three aspects.

firstly, it is the largest treasure house of martial arts in the world, and it deserves to be called the largest sect in the Wulin. Therefore, in the Jianghu, Shaolin Sect often plays the role of "moral defender, judge and leader". For example, Shaolin in Jin Yong's "No Dragon Eight Parts", the best martial arts in the world lies in Shaolin; Before Yanmenguan, the leader of the Liao people attacked, out of Shaolin, made Wang Ba's ambition and blood-soaked hatred return to the dust with compassion Buddhism, and it was in Shaolin that the resentment was resolved. Of course, sometimes Shaolin suffers from excessive tolerance, which leads to greed. For example, the evil Jianghu of Yuanzhen (Cheng Kun) in "The Dragon Slayer with Eternal Feelings" has a lot to do with Shaolin's connivance. They think that people's hearts can be changed, but they don't know that some villains are hard to change, and so on.

Secondly, a number of chivalrous literary works have been produced from the legend of Shaolin. Among them, the most famous film, Shaolin Temple, starring Jet Li tells the story of "Thirteen Stick Monks Saving the King of Tang Dynasty" and the legend that Shaolin began to carry forward, and some chivalrous literary works also reflect the pioneering contributions made by Dharma and the eminent monks in previous dynasties to Shaolin.

thirdly, Shaolin plays an important role in fighting against the Qing dynasty and foreign aggression. Shaolin once had heroic deeds of fighting against Japan, and it was said that it was engaged in secret activities of "fighting against the Qing dynasty and regaining sight", from which the legend of chivalrous culture about Shaolin came into being. Yu Dataphthalein, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in Ming Dynasty, is said to have a great relationship with Shaolin. The legend of Hong Men Heaven and Earth Society originated from Shaolin; In literary and artistic works, "Fang Shiyu Series" with the theme of Shaolin laity disciples appeared again.

Shaolin is one of the most important schools and occupies an important position in chivalrous culture.

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