What does the crocodile paradox mean?

Question 1: What is the reasoning behind the paradox? 1. What would be the result if Pinocchio said: "My nose will grow longer soon."

2. Suppose you pass by a barber shop. The sign reads: "Do you shave yourself? If not, please allow the shop to shave your face! I only help people in the city who do not shave themselves. One person shaves, but no one else shaves." This simple introduction is enough for you to walk into this barber shop, but then you find a question - does the barber shave yourself? If he shaves himself, then he violates his promise to shave only those who do not shave himself. If he does not shave himself, then he must shave himself because his promise says that he will only shave those who do not shave himself. . Both assumptions make this sentence unreasonable.

3. The crocodile paradox. A crocodile caught a child and said to the child's mother: "Guess whether I will eat him? If you guess it is right, I will not eat him. If you guess it is wrong, I will eat it." The child's mother said: "I guess you You want to eat my child." The crocodile said: "Haha, then I will eat it." The child's mother said: "I guessed it, then you shouldn't eat him." The crocodile was confused now. If he returns it to her. Child, then he guessed wrong that I should eat it, but if I ate him, she guessed correctly that I should not eat him.

Question 2: Find some classic paradoxes. 12 classic paradoxes - the Peony Paradox is on the list (1) Barber Paradox: In 1919, Russell proposed his *** paradox The popularization is as follows: There was a barber in the village of Savil. He set a rule for himself: he would only shave those in the village who did not shave himself. I wonder if he should shave himself?

(2) The prediction of a Sanskrit scholar: The daughter of an Indian prophet wrote something (one sentence) on a piece of paper and asked her father to predict whether it would happen before three o'clock in the afternoon. And write "yes" or "no" on a card. This Sanskrit scholar wrote the word "yes" on the card. What his daughter wrote on the paper was: "Before three o'clock in the afternoon, you will write the word 'no' on the card." The Sanskrit scholar found that he was teased by his daughter, whether he wrote "yes" or " "No" are all wrong, and it is impossible for him to predict correctly.

(3) Unexpected exam: He appeared in the early 1940s. A professor announced that there would be an "unexpected exam" one day next week and said that no student could predict the date of the exam before the day of the exam. A student "proves" that the exam will not be held on the last day of the week, if not, then it can be inferred on the penultimate day. By analogy, the exam cannot be held on any given day. His mistake is the first step, and it cannot be inferred that "the exam will not be held on the last day." If he wants to infer this, then the exam on the last day is still an "unexpected exam."

(4) Socrates Paradox: Socrates has a famous saying: "I only know one thing, and that is that I know nothing." (5) Socrates Paradox: Socrates Paradox is One side of the card says: "The sentence on the back of the card is correct." But the other side says: "The sentence on the back of the card is wrong." This was proposed by the British mathematician Jourdain. We can't deduce the result either.

(6) God’s Omnipotence Paradox: “If God is omnipotent, can He create a big rock that he cannot lift?”

(7) Crocodile Paradox : A crocodile robbed a child and said to the child's mother: "Will I eat your child? If you answer the question correctly, the child will be returned to you; if the answer is wrong, I will eat him." What should the child's mother do? What answer can save the child's life?

(8) Laozi's paradox: "Those who know do not speak, and those who speak do not know." This is a paradox that was explained by Bai Juyi. Bai Juyi said in "Reading Laozi": "The speaker does not know and the one who knows is silent. I heard this from Laojun. If Laojun is a knower, why did he write five thousand articles?"

(9 ) Catch-22 paradox: "Catch-22" is a notorious catch-22. It stipulates that insane pilots can be grounded, but it also stipulates that those who apply for grounding must be of sound mind. Just imagine, a mentally disturbed person cannot apply and must fly; and how can a sane person prove that he is insane? This is purely a deceptive paradox.

(10) Peony Paradox: The sentence "There are no peonies here" is wrong at any time.

――Do you think this sentence is right or wrong? What a dilemma. The reason is very simple: because, if "there are peonies here", it cannot be inferred that "there are no peonies here". If "there are no peonies here", it still cannot be inferred that "there are no peonies here"; since there are not even peonies here, how can we know that what is not here is peony? Therefore, "There are no peonies here" is a permanently false proposition that leads to logical self-contradiction and is a paradox. This paradox was accidentally discovered by Cheng Duode, the moderator of this blog - your loyal friend - in 1997! Reasons why the Peony Paradox is on the list: It is the most basic paradox involving negative forms. It is "too simple to be simple, too concrete to be concrete, and too abstract to be abstract."

(11) Zeno's Paradoxes: Zeno's Paradoxes, which are now widely circulated, are all about motion, namely (1) Achilles and the tortoise racing; (2) Two points Paradox of law; (3) Flying arrows cannot move; (4) Sports field problem, etc. Among them, "Achilles and the Tortoise" is the most famous one. The tortoise and Achilles are racing. The tortoise ran a little ahead of time - let's set it to 100 meters, and Achilles's speed is much faster than the tortoise - let's set his speed to 10 times that of the tortoise, so when Achilles When Reese ran 100 meters to the starting point of the tortoise, the tortoise ran forward 10 meters; when Achilles chased the 10 meters more, the tortoise ran forward another 1 meter... and so on, because the pursuer must It reaches the original position of the chased first, so the chased is always in front of the pursuer. From this, Achilles can never catch up with the tortoise. ......>>

Question 3: Famous paradoxes; 1. The "Barber Paradox", also known as the "Russell Paradox", was coined by the mathematician Bertrand? Proposed by Bertrand Russell in 1901. Paradox content: The only barber in a city will only cut hair for everyone who does not cut his own hair. So should he give himself a haircut? Answer: This city cannot exist. Because (1) if the barber does not cut his own hair, he needs to abide by the rules and give himself a haircut; (2) If the barber cuts his own hair, if he abides by the rules, he cannot cut his own hair. (The emergence of this paradox is due to the unrestricted definition of elements in the "Huaisu theory". The *** theory at that time was called the basis of mathematical theory. The emergence of this paradox directly led to the third mathematical crisis. , which led to the current axiomatic *** theory and prompted mathematicians to realize the necessity of axiomaticizing the basics of mathematics)

2. If God is omnipotent and knew that we would be able to do it before he created us What to do, so how can we have free consciousness? Answer: This paradox can be explained by the fact that God exists beyond time - He can know the future just as He knows the past and present. Just as the past did not interfere with our freedom of will, neither will the future.

3. A crocodile stole a father's son and promised to return the son to him if the father could guess what he was going to do. So what if the father guessed "the crocodile will not return his son to him"? Answer: If the crocodile does not return his son, then the father guessed correctly and the crocodile broke his promise. If the crocodile returns his son to him, then the father has guessed wrong and the crocodile has broken his promise.

4. A man went back in time and killed his grandfather before his grandmother could meet him. This means that one of the person's parents will not be born; in turn, the person himself will not be born; this means that he himself will not have the opportunity to time travel back to the past; this means that his grandfather is still alive ;This means that this person can conceive of going back in time and killing his grandfather. Answer: When a time traveler changes something in the past, the parallel universe is cut open. This can be explained by quantum mechanics.

5. There is a pile of sand consisting of 1,000,000 grains of sand. If we take away one grain of sand, there is still a pile of sand; if we take away another grain of sand, there is still a pile. If we just take away one grain of sand at a time, will it still be a pile when we get only one grain of sand left? Answer: Set a fixed boundary. If we say that 10,000 sand grains are a pile of sand grains, then anything consisting of less than 10,000 sand grains cannot be called a pile of sand grains.

So it is a bit unreasonable to distinguish between 9999 grains of sand and 10001 grains of sand. Then there is a solution - set a variable boundary, but you don't need to know what this boundary is.

6. Can God create something so heavy that He himself cannot lift it? Answer: If he can, then his inability to lift this thing proves that he is not omnipotent in terms of strength. If he cannot create such a thing, it proves that he is not omnipotent in creation. The most common answer is that God is omnipotent, so "cannot lift" is a meaningless condition. Other answers point out that the question itself is a contradiction, like "a square in a circle."

Question 4: What are some books about paradoxes? "A Brief History of Paradox"

A Brief History of Paradox is a book published by Peking University Press in 2007. The author is Roy Sorenson, a philosophy professor at Dartmouth University in the UK. The author uses the method of paradox to narrate the course of philosophy over three thousand years, allowing people to personally feel the complex dilemmas faced by every advancement of philosophy, as well as the sharp wisdom of philosophers to break through this lonely situation.

Content introduction:

Can God create a stone that he cannot lift? If he couldn't create such a stone, obviously he wasn't omnipotent. If He created such a stone, He would not be able to lift it, so He is not omnipotent. The above paradox is worth more than just a logic game. Paradox is like a tear in the curtain covering the palace of truth. It is so surprising and yet elusive. The history of philosophical progress is accompanied by the emergence and resolution of one surprising paradox after another. The author uses the method of paradox to narrate the course of philosophy over three thousand years, allowing people to personally feel the complex dilemmas faced by every advancement of philosophy, as well as the sharp wisdom of philosophers to break through this lonely situation.

The subtitle of "A Brief History of Paradoxes" is "Philosophy and the labyrinths of the mind." So, is it a "maze of philosophy and the mind" or a "maze of philosophy and the mind"? (Judging from the original English title, it should be the former). I wonder if the translator made a little joke for the readers.

"Interesting Paradoxes and Paradoxes"

There is a barber in the upper town of Seville, Spain. He has a very special rule: he only gives money to those who do not give him money. A shaver shaves his beard. There seems to be nothing wrong with this awkward rule, but one day, a meddlesome person came to ask the barber a question, which really embarrassed him and exposed the contradiction of this special rule. The question is: Mr. Barber, do you want to shave yourself? What makes the barber very embarrassed is...

"Right and Wrong: The World's Classic Interesting Paradoxes"

Cretan Lies, Achilles Chasing the Tortoise, Socrates Paradox, Russell's socks, game paradox, white horse and non-horse, prisoner's dilemma, barber's paradox, Zeno's "flying arrow", crocodile paradox... If someone says that he is lying, then is he a liar? Why can't a barber who only cuts hair for people who don't cut his own hair cut his own hair? Why couldn't the ancient Greek long-distance running champion catch up with the tortoise? Could the Almighty God create a car that could not drive by itself? ... Paradox is following correct logical reasoning but getting contradictory results. "Right and Wrong: The World's Classic Interesting Paradoxes" brings together the most classic paradoxes from all over the world for thousands of years: the white horse is not a horse, the flying arrow does not move, the prisoner's dilemma, the crocodile paradox, the ship of Theseus, Russell's paradox, Hempey Your crow, the poker paradox... let you have a brain battle with the most wise men.

Question 5: Is a paradox a proposition? What is a paradox? I am confused when looking at Baidu Encyclopedia. Please give me an example or explain it. A paradox is something that is inconsistent with objective facts or inconsistent with a proposition after some reasoning.

Question 6: What is a contradiction? It is best to give an example, I love you and I love her again

Question 7: Related paradoxes of Don Quixote’s Paradox Plato-Socrates’ Paradox Crocodile and baby Alice and King Rhett, detailed above in Aha! That’s it”