Mountain Geography-Shaanxi-Gansu Ridge: The Mystery of Weihe Grand Canyon

The Great Qinling Mountains at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu are customarily called "Great Qinling Mountains" by Baoji people. Because this is the famous pass-the Big Three Pass. Dasanguan is located on the Qingjiang River, which was called Shengshui Valley in ancient times. From here to the south, you can cross the main beam of Qinling Mountain, that is, enter the upper reaches of Jialing River and descend along Jialing River, and you can go directly to Bashu, that is, Chencang Ancient Road. The name "three" of the junior level is not "three". The mountains here are steep and mountainous, and there is a tendency of "one person defends it, and ten thousand people can't force it". The Big Three Pass is the "throat of Sichuan and Shaanxi", and it is a battleground for military strategists. Historically, there have been more than 70 battles between the three customs. "Building a bright road and hiding darkness" means that Liu Bang listened to Zhang Liangzhi's plan and suddenly attacked, breaking through the defense of the big three passes and occupying the whole territory of Guanzhong. In the Song Dynasty, Lu You wrote many times about the triumph of three passes: "It snows on the boat at night, and the autumn wind is strong." "I am afraid to wait for me and hate him for another year." The Big Three Pass is the Xiguan in the "Four Passes in Guanzhong", with Xiaoguan in the north, Wuguan in the south and Hangu Pass in the east (later moved to Tongguan). From the perspective of Guanzhong people, especially Baoji people, the Great Qinling Mountains at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu are "Great Qinling Mountains".

This section of the Great Qinling Mountains is located to the east of Baoji and to the west of Tianshui. Maijishan Scenic Area, which is famous for "misty rain and wheat accumulation, cliff Buddha country", is the pride of Tianshui people. They are used to calling this section of the Great Qinling Mountains "Maijishan". Many people will think that McKee is just a lonely peak. In fact, Maijishan is not just a lonely peak. There are not only Mackey Grottoes in Mackey Scenic Area, but also Ren Xian Cliff, Shimen Mountain and Quxi Landscape. Xianren Cliff is located in the northeast of Mackey, 0/5km away from Mackey/Kloc. There are Xianrenya Grottoes, and there are more landscapes of "beautiful mountains, beautiful waters, beautiful cliffs and dense forests". To the south is the main beam of Qinling Mountain, near the ancestor of Qin people, Fangmatan, which is now the famous Shimen Mountain Scenic Area, with towering walls and cliffs. A path connecting the north and south peaks is called Shimen. The infinite beauty of Shimen Mountain makes Tianshui people call it "Little Huangshan Mountain". From the "Little Huangshan Mountain" to the south, it is Quxi Scenic Area. Linqing Mountain is quiet, the fog is sparkling and the winding path is secluded. From the point of view of Tianshui people, the Great Qinling Mountains at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu is an enlarged Maiji Mountain.

Some people also call this section of the Great Qinling Mountains "Xiaolongshan". This section of the Great Qinling Mountains has a good forest ecosystem and dense forest vegetation. 1962 With the approval of the State Planning Commission, the Xiaolongshan Forestry Experimental Bureau of Gansu Province was established here. Few people can explain why it was called "Xiaolongshan" in those days. One theory is that this area is smaller than Longshan. As long as you open the satellite image map, you will find that it is only big or small compared with Longshan. The forest area of Xiaolongshan Forestry Experimental Bureau is mainly concentrated in this border, with a forest area of more than 6.5438+million mu. Nature reserves and forest parks in Tianshui are also mainly concentrated in this area. There are not only national nature reserves named Xiaolongshan, but also provincial nature reserves named Maicaogou and Heihe, which protect the original and unique forest ecological environment, ancient and rare species and typical biodiversity. There are not only national forest parks named after Xiaolongshan and Maijishan, but also provincial forest parks named after Yunping Three Gorges and Li Ziyuan. In this area, Tongtianhe National Forest Park was established in Shaanxi. Here, the Great Qinling Mountains, whose south slope extends gently and winds into a landscape, is the inflow area on the right bank of the upper reaches of Jialing River. The north slope is steep and short, and flowing water flows into the Weihe Grand Canyon.

Whether it is "Dashanling", "Maijishan" or "Xiaolongshan" to express this section of the Great Qinling Mountains, it seems that there is some truth, but it does not seem to be true. This section of the Great Qinling Mountains is located at the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu. It is probably the most appropriate to name these two provinces as "Shan-Gan-Ling". This section of the Great Qinling Mountains has Tianshui in the west and Baoji in the east. It is a reasonable choice to take a word from each city and call it "Tianbao Ridge".

Geographically, the biggest difference between this section of the Great Qinling Mountains and other sections is that after leaving the "Tianshui Gap", the Weihe River at the foot of the northern mountain enters the canyon area, and the altitude drops from Tianshui 1 100 meters to Baoji 590 meters. As a result, the foothills on the north side of the Qinling Mountains are becoming more and more tall and straight. What is more striking is that the more and more upright northern foot of Qinling Mountain is not directly exposed to people's visual range, but is deeply hidden in the Weihe Grand Canyon. The south side of Weihe Grand Canyon is the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, and the north side is the southern slope of Longshan Mountain. The Weihe River is sandwiched between the Great Qinling Mountains and the Great Longshan Mountains. If you choose Qin and Long, it can be called "Qin Long Grand Canyon". The Weihe Grand Canyon originated in Tianshui City (Boyang Town) and ended in Baoji City (Baojixia Reservoir Dam). If you choose the words Tian and Bao, you can call it Tianbao Grand Canyon.

The Great Qinling Mountains and the Great Longshan Mountains are both mountains with important geographical indications. The Great Qinling Mountains, the central mountain range of China, bisects China and divides China into north and south. Dalongshan is the central mountain range of the northwest loess plateau, which is divided into two parts: Longxi Plateau and Longdong Plateau (northern Shaanxi Plateau). The elevation of Longxi Plateau is1500-2000m, and that of Longdong Plateau is 800-1200m (about 500m in Guanzhong Plain), which is an important source of many differences in Longdong and Longxi. Not only that, Dalongshan also divided the Weihe River into three parts: Longxi Plateau, Qinlong Grand Canyon and Guanzhong Plain. The Weihe River originates from behind the Bird and Mouse Mountain, a branch of the Great Qinling Mountains, and flows eastward with the Great Qinling Mountains. It flows through the Loess Plateau in Longxi about 285 kilometers, meanders about 154 kilometers into the Qinlong Grand Canyon, leaves Baoji Gorge, flows into the Guanzhong Plain about 379 kilometers, and joins the Yellow River at Tongguan Port, with a total length of about 8 18 kilometers. Guanzhong-Tianshui is a cultural circle and an economic belt. This cultural circle and economic belt take Longshan as the dividing line and Weihe River as the axis.

Dalongshan Mountain is the central mountain range of the Loess Plateau, and it is also an important water source of Weihe River. The southern part of Dalongshan is called Guanshan and Longshan, and the northern part is called Liupanshan. Dalongshan starts from Weihe Grand Canyon in the south and ends at Xihua Mountain in the north. Dalongshan is about 240 kilometers long from north to south, and it is widest at the Weihe Grand Canyon, which is close to 100 km, and the narrow part in the north is less than 10 km. From north to south, on the west side of Dalongshan, it originates from two important rivers: Hulu River and Niutou River. Hulu River was called Wating Water and Dragon Water in ancient times. Because the riverbed is narrow and tortuous, it looks like a "gourd", so it is named Hulu River. The source of Hulu River is Moon Mountain, which is adjacent to Xihua Mountain in the north of Dalong Mountain. The main channel runs from north to south and enters the Weihe River at Sanyangchuan. The length of this river is about 296 kilometers. The tributaries on the left bank of Hulu River all accepted the water from the west foot of Dalong Mountain. Niutou River, known as Xijiang River in ancient times, has clear bridge water and its source is Luzitan. From the satellite image, the main channel of Niutou River is in the shape of an oblique bull's head, from northeast to northwest, northwest to southwest, and then turns due south, and joins the Weihe River in Shetang Town, with a total length of about 85 kilometers. On the east side of Dalongshan, Jinghe River, Heqian River and Jinling River originate here. The three rivers all run northwest and southeast, and all flow into the Weihe River in Guanzhong Plain. Among them, Jinghe River is the largest tributary of Weihe River, which flows through Dawan Town, Beiyuan, Laolongtan and Nanyuan in Guyuan County, flows into Pingliang Baliqiao, flows east to Pingliang and Jingchuan, enters Shaanxi in Yangjiaping, passes through Changwu, Binxian and Jingyang, and enters Weihe River (one of the "Eight Rivers in Chang 'an") in Chenjiatan, Gaoling County, with a total length of about 455 kilometers. Thousands of rivers are called Weihe River in ancient times. Named for flowing at the foot of Qian Shan. The source consists of five small tributaries, which flow into Tangjiahe River in Longxian County through Nanzhuang (the source of Weihe River), and into Weihe River through Longxian County, Qianyang and Fengxiang, with a total length of 152.6 km in He Qian Town, chencang district. The source of Jinling River leaves Wushan and enters Weihe River in Jintai District of Baoji City, with a total length of 55 kilometers. On the south side of Dalong Mountain, Tongguan River, Xiaoshui River and Liuchuan River originate from west to east, and all the water on the south side flows into Weihe Grand Canyon.

There is a famous site-Dadiwan Site (Shaodian Village, Wuying Township, Qin 'an County) on the gentle hillside where the second and third terraces meet on the south bank of Qingshui River, a tributary on the left bank of Hulu River. 1958, the site of Dadiwan was first discovered. Archaeological excavation was carried out in 1978- 1984 for 7 consecutive years, and supplementary excavation was carried out in 1995, with an excavation area of 14752 square meters. According to the carbon dating of14th century, the cultural remains of Dadiwan can be traced back to 7800-4800 years ago, with a time span of about 3000 years. The first issue: pre-Yangshao culture (7800-7300 years ago). The ancestors of Longxi created painted pottery and planted millet, a coarse cereal. Up to now, Dadiwan is the earliest Neolithic cultural site in the Weihe River Basin. The second stage: the early Yangshao culture (6500-6000 years ago). Expose a relatively complete primitive clan village with colorful pottery and many artistic treasures. The third period: the middle period of Yangshao culture (5900-5500 years ago). Painted pottery art is prosperous, with lively lines, diverse patterns and perfect combination of modeling and painting; The fourth period: the late Yangshao culture (5500-5000 years ago). Great progress has been made in agriculture, the population has increased dramatically, and settlements have expanded to the whole ruined area. This is a unique large-scale settlement of the same period in China archaeological discovery so far; The fifth period: the transition period from Yangshao culture to Qijia culture (about 5000-4800 years ago).

In the hinterland of Weihe Grand Canyon, on a loess platform on the north bank, there is also a site of "Viewing Taoyuan" (a small village in Tuo Town, chencang district). 1982, Guantaoyuan site was designated as a county-level cultural relics protection unit. In June, 20001year, due to the construction of the second double line of Baolan Railway, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology and Baoji Archaeological Team jointly excavated the site and obtained a large number of precious cultural relics, such as stone tools, bone implements, pottery and jade articles. The time of relics spans many periods before Yangshao, Yangshao, Zhouer and Song Yuanming, especially before Yangshao, which has the richest cultural connotation, covering not only the first phase of Dadiwan site and Beishouling. Bone, bone spatula, bone knife, stone axe, Shi Mao, stone knife, scraper and other production tools. In particular, more than 20 bones dating back about 8,000 years have been unearthed in Guantaoyuan site, which has become an important symbol of the origin of agriculture in this area.

On the platform of the west bank of Jinling River in Jintai District, Baoji City, there is a site of "Northern Shouling". 1957, Shaanxi Provincial Government listed Beishouling Site as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. 1986, Baoji Municipal Government established Beishouling Cultural Relics Management Office, which was renamed as Baoji Beishouling Site Exhibition Hall in 2000. During the period of 1958- 1978, the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences, Northwest University and other units successively excavated the site for seven times, and found the cultural remains of Beishouling type earlier than Banpo type in the site.

List the above three sites in detail, trying to explain that Longdong in Longxi and Weihe Grand Canyon were originally inhabited by primitive tribes. Up to now, there are more than 740 Neolithic cultural sites in Baoji alone, and as many as 500 in Tianshui. The area between the Great Qinling Mountains and Dalongshan Mountain, the border between Shaanxi and Gansu, and the border between Qin and Gansu was originally a "baby zone" bred by the dawn of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. Baobao's Qin Long District shines with the fire of wisdom of the early civilization of the Chinese nation. All this is completely consistent with the legends of Fuxi, Yan Di and Huangdi. From the perspective of "descendants of dragons", Dalongshan is "Dalongshan" and "Longshou Mountain". Fuxi Nuwa is the pioneer of Dadiwan culture, whose birthplace is ancient Ji Cheng, that is, Qin 'an area in Hulu River basin today. There is a Guatai Mountain in Sanyangchuan, which is said to be the mountain where Fuxi painted hexagrams. Tianshui customs, scenery and scenery are mostly related to Fuxi Nuwa. Tianshui City has Fuxi Temple, and Jiang Zemin wrote the inscription "Hometown of Huang Xi". Contemporary people assume that Fuxi is Pangu, and "Pan" is traditionally called "Pan", which means "hovering", which coincides with the meaning of "Fuxi's scaled body and snake body" and is also the original "dragon" of China culture. The original meaning of the word "ancient" has been handed down from generation to generation for a long time. In other words, Fuxi is an epoch-making figure in China culture. Fuxi "worships the sun" and has been migrating from west to east, hence the name "Tai Hao". Going eastward is bound to cross Longshan and first come to Baoji (Guchencang), which is called "Du Chen". "Mandarin? Yu Jin said, "Emperor Yan made it from Jiang Shui. "Jiang Shui is today's Qingjiang River, north of the Shaanxi-Gansu Mountains and east of Dalongshan. Emperor Yan is the representative of the ancient Qiang people, and Shaanxi-Gansu Ridge and Dalongshan are the activity centers of the ancient Qiang people. " "Mandarin Today" says: "The Yellow Emperor is a work of drawing water". Jishui, now Qishui River. Ancient lacquer water is the origin of Zhou people. Zhou surnamed Ji, who thinks he is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. "Notes on Water Mirror Wei Shui" said: "Huang Di was born in Tianshui, in Xuanyuan Valley, 70 miles east of Shangyuan City". There is a "Huangsangu" forest park in the upper reaches of Niutou River, where there is water called "Xuanyuan Valley", which is said to be the birthplace of Xuanyuan Huangdi. Therefore, Fuxi, Yan Di, Huangdi and the ancestors of Chinese civilization all originated from the "Baby Qin Long Belt". Their ethnic groups either crossed Dalongshan, entered the Guanzhong Plain, went down the Weihe River, entered the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, or crossed the Qinling Mountains, went down the Jialing River, went south to Bashu, or went down the Hanjiang River to Jingchu. As a result, the fire of Dadiwan civilization spread in all directions.

Many people think that the ecological environment in Longxi is bad enough to carry the fire of early civilization. In fact, the past is not the present, so Dadiwan can become the original harbor of Chinese civilization because the original ecological Dadiwan has obvious ecological advantages. Archaeologists can restore an original ecological land bay to us. Hulu River Basin was originally a place with abundant aquatic plants, warm and humid climate and beautiful environment, which was suitable for human habitation. The remains of animals and plants unearthed from the Dadiwan site have been identified, and it is believed that there were dense virgin forests and dense shrub grasslands in the Dadiwan valley 8000 years ago. According to the analysis and identification of Chinese Academy of Forestry, there are more than 0 species of Abies, Fraxinus mandshurica, Corylus heterophylla, Tiemu, etc. 10, among which Tiemu and Oak belong to subtropical trees. Relying on the virgin forest, there are many kinds of animals in Dadiwan, with rich combinations and rare treasures. More than 7000 animal bones have been unearthed in Dadiwan/kloc-0. According to the identification of vertebrate paleontology by Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Academy of Sciences, there are only 7 orders 15 families, 28 genera and 28 species of mammals, among which Sumen rhinoceros and Sumen antelope live in subtropical and tropical areas, but miraculously lived in Dadiwan in the past. In addition, there are macaques, bears, tigers, leopards, elephants and other animal populations. The splendid prehistoric culture of Dadiwan benefits from the overall ecological environment of this paradise. In the site of Guantaoyuan, besides animals and plants similar to Dadiwan, even golden monkey, black bear, musk deer, roe deer, rock sheep, carving, etc. were found, which proved that the function of forest ecosystem in Guantaoyuan area was complete. Among the 20 species of wild animals found, 9 species, such as golden monkey, sumen rhinoceros, buffalo, water deer, muntjac, roe deer, Chinese bamboo rat, elephant deer and pig badger, no longer exist in this area. This great change of ancient and modern ecological environment deserves deep thought and high vigilance!

North of the Great Qinling Mountains and west of Dalongshan, the Weihe River and its tributaries Hulu River and Niutou River basins used to be a beautiful and charming place. This is the "Garden of Eden" in the memory of the Chinese nation-the Garden of Eden in China. Different from Genesis in the Old Testament, in the Garden of Eden in China, Adam was Fuxi and Eve was Nuwa. China's Fuxi and Nuwa were not instructed by Almighty God. They were originally "gods" in the Garden of Eden in China. If the Chinese nation wants to write its own Genesis, it must tell the story of Fuxi Nuwa in the Garden of Eden in China. The literature about Fuxi Nuwa first appeared in the Warring States Period. By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had set Ji Cheng, Fuxi's birthplace, in Qin 'an County, Hulu River Basin. As a result, Tianshui "Xiliwa Township" was established. It can be seen that during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Hulu River Basin was still a place with beautiful ecology and enjoyed a high "reputation" in the eyes of Chinese people. "The first civilization is the forest, and the second civilization is the desert." Is it a prophecy? In the hundreds of years after Qin and Han Dynasties, people trampled the Chinese Garden of Eden beyond recognition, so that Dalongshan became a sad place for people. The water flowing in Qinchuan, 800 miles east of Dalong, is an important source of living water for Guanzhong to become a "land of abundance" and a literary image of hometown. The water flowing into Hulu River from Longxi Mountain has also become a desolate, gloomy and bitter literary image. "Taiping Yulan" quoted "Zhou Tu": "Easterners serve the west, but for this reason, they are all sad. Their song is like this: leading the spring water, moving westward, thinking about our service, floating in the wilderness, climbing high and looking far, crying and falling. This is the mountain. " When it comes to Longshan West, there is only one word "sorrow" left. "In the past, Luo Yi has disappeared, and poplars have been cold." "The dust and sand are dark, and the wind and the moon are cold." "Drive the horse to board the raft and dare not look at Qinchuan." "After passing the customs, I will look back at Qinchuan." "I heard that I was thinking about my hometown and sat and cried for several lines in the middle of the night." "Longshan parrot can talk, and how many people can deliver books to serve the country?"

The Great Qinling Mountains are the most culturally influential mountains in China, and the Weihe River is the most culturally influential river in China. Rivers are the blood of geography, and the water quality of rivers is the symbol of ecological quality. To the west of Longshan, Weihe River created the "Garden of Eden in China" in the pre-Qin period. To the east of Longshan, Weihe River created a "land of abundance" in Qin and Han Dynasties. As far as the word structure is concerned, the three points of the word "stomach" refer to rivers, and "stomach" is an organ in the human body-gastric sac. Calling a river "Wei" seems to mean that it is the river that can best meet people's "appetite" needs. Indeed, the Weihe River basin is thousands of miles apart. "The Central Qin Dynasty has been an imperial country since ancient times." For thousands of years, whether in Longyou or Guanzhong, the Weihe River Basin has always been a rich place in the world. In order to satisfy the appetite of Chinese children, Weihe River did everything it could. However, the once dense forest vegetation in the Weihe River Basin has been continuously cut down and searched until the mountains are covered with mountains. First of all, the once clear Weihe River water became more and more turbid until it became turbid. After that, the water in the Jinghe River became more and more turbid, and finally became turbid. Nowadays, it is no longer "distinct" but "the same pollution". The pulse condition of Weihe River is extremely unhealthy. No wonder some people joke that the water in Weihe River is as messy as food in the stomach. The "Garden of Eden in China" has been bleak, and the original "Land of Abundance" has also been eclipsed. If the ancestors are reincarnated, it will definitely be shameful. Weihe River is the mother river, stomach bag, rice bag, life gate and life root. Harnessing the Weihe River is a century-old project.

From the map, the most direct route from Guanzhong to Longxi is to enter Tianshui through Baoji along the Weihe River Basin. However, for thousands of years, the Weihe Grand Canyon has been a forbidden area. There are roughly three reasons. First, the Great Qinling Mountains and the Great Longshan Mountains confront each other on both sides of the Weihe River. The peaks are staggered, and the river channel is compressed to about 100 meters, and the narrowest part is only about 30 meters. Coupled with the dense forests on both sides of the Weihe River, there are often wild animals, and passers-by are naturally frightened. Secondly, the Weihe Grand Canyon is densely covered with more than 60 serpentine curves, just like more than 60 ω letters connected together. In this way, there is a difference between the concave bank and the convex bank of the Grand Canyon. If you pile on a convex bank, you can still walk with your feet, but if you brush on a concave bank, there is no place to stand on the cliff, which is equivalent to a dead end. This is probably the most important reason why the Weihe Grand Canyon has become a restricted area. Thirdly, the Weihe Grand Canyon has a large amount of water and deep rivers in history, and most of the exposed riverbeds have been submerged. In addition, the amount of water and the depth of water level vary greatly with the seasons, which also increases the difficulty of passage. During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government built the Baoji-Tianshui section of the Longhai Railway, which took seven years from the start to the completion and opening to traffic. The distance is154km, and there are 126 tunnels. The tunnel length accounts for one seventh of the total length of the line, which is equivalent to the sum of all railway tunnels in China in that year. Until the reform and opening up, Baoji-Tianshui Expressway was not connected in the canyon. It can be seen that the "difficult road construction" and "difficult road walking" of Weihe Grand Canyon are by no means ordinary.

"It's better to take a hundred steps than one step." The ancients preferred to climb Longshan rather than Weihe River. There are three roads across Longshan. The first one, which is also the closest one to the Weihe Grand Canyon, runs from Shi Xia to Liuchuan River, then to Xiaoshui River, then to Tongguan River, then to Fenggeling to spend the Weihe River, and then to Tianshui via Sancha. Ancient plank roads have also been found in some sections of Chencang Narrow Road near Weihe Canyon, but they are small and irregular and belong to "country roads". Because most of this road is at the border of ancient Chencang, and most of it is a "mass line", it is narrow, bumpy and narrow, so it is called "Chencang Narrow Road". Historically, Nanyou County, also known as the "South Oil Road", was set up along this road through Xiangquan and Chisha in Xiaoshui River Basin. Second, Longguan Road. The crossing route roughly traces back to the headwaters of Qianheyuan to Laoyeling, and then divides into two roads, all the way to Qingshui River, a tributary of Hulu River, all the way to Hulu River along Qingshui River, and then to Weihe River; Fanhe (ancient clear water), a tributary of Niutou River, flows through Weihe River to Tianshui. This is an official road, and it is also a road for both military and civilian use. Walking in opposite directions, military businessmen and people of all colors are bustling. Guguan, Rong 'an Pass and Dazhen Pass along the way are all famous. Third, turn off the knife. Xiaoguan is a military defense system related to Qin Changcheng. Xiaoguan is at the source of Jinghe River, guarding the passage from Jinghe River to Guanzhong. The threat to the northwest of Guanzhong mainly comes from nomadic people in Longxi, Hexi and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Mainly the Huns in the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Turks and Tubos in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Xixia Tangut in the Northern Song Dynasty. Since the Warring States and even the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Xiaoguan ancient road has been an outpost to resist the invasion of nomadic people in the northwest and eliminate hidden dangers in the frontier.

Eight thousand years ago, the Weihe Grand Canyon was developed by wise ancestors. However, in the vast historical documents, there are few records about the Weihe Grand Canyon, and people know very little about the Weihe Grand Canyon. In addition, because it is the junction of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, it is not easy to attract attention. As a result, the Weihe Grand Canyon has left some unsolved mysteries.

The first is the mystery of "snake song". Weihe River danced waltz-like steps in the canyon, winding and winding. The beauty of snake music in Weihe Grand Canyon is euphemistic, gentle and grand, which is worth appreciating and pondering. Two natural phenomena, which have nothing to do with meandering, are perfectly combined in the Weihe Grand Canyon. Common sense tells us that snake bends are often formed in the flat areas where rivers flow, and generally appear in grassland wetlands, or in the source areas of rivers, or in the plain areas where the lower reaches of rivers impact. For example, on the Hulunbeier grassland, the "nine-bend ileum" of the Kulun River, the clear river reflects the blue sky and detours on the green prairie, just like the blue training of a fairy dancing. For example, the source of the Yellow River has formed a snake-like landscape that surprises the world. For another example, the straight line distance from Guangyuan to Hechuan in the lower reaches of Jialing River is 200 kilometers. Jialing River is free and easy, melodious and winding, and has actually walked out of the 640-kilometer river. There are no snake bends in the upper and lower reaches of the Weihe River, and the snake bends in the Weihe River only appear in the Grand Canyon. The density of snake bends is amazing (there are also snake bends in the Shanxi-Shaanxi Grand Canyon of the Yellow River, but the density is small), which needs scientific answers. The meandering flow of Weihe River appears on the north side of the "Shaanxi-Gansu Ridge", and on the south side of the "Shaanxi-Gansu Ridge", meandering landscapes of river valleys also appear in many tributaries on the right bank of Jialing River, especially Yongning River, which has the highest meandering density and the most beautiful meandering landscape (Tianshui Quxi Scenic Area is in the tributary of Yongning River). This is also a scientific topic.

Secondly, there is the mystery of "no official road". In today's Weihe Grand Canyon, Longhai Railway, Passenger Dedicated Line, National Highway 3 10 and G30 are densely shuttled, just like a grand traffic gathering place. However, before the opening of the Longhai Railway, there was no official road in the Weihe Grand Canyon for thousands of years. Because there is no official support, Guanzhong and Tianshui seem to be far apart. As we know, our ancestors have already opened up Chencang Road, Xiexie Road, Luo Luo Lu Road and Woods Road in the Great Qinling Mountains, and opened up Jinniu Road, Micang Road and Litchi Road in Daba Mountain. The dense network of ancient roads closely links the north and south of the Great Qinling Mountains and promotes the pace of economic and social development. It is by no means easy to open up any ancient road in the Great Qinling Mountains and Daba Mountains. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty shouted: "Hey, hey, danger!" It is difficult to go to the sky! "So difficult, the ancients still opened up the ancient road transportation system. However, the Weihe Grand Canyon is not far from the ancient capital Chang 'an. In particular, it took the Qin people 800 years to be "handmaids" and "emperors through the ages", with Longxi as the center in 300 years and Guanzhong as the center in 500 years. Qin people are active in the "crevice between Tianshui and Baoji" and run between the north and south of Qinling and the east and west of Longshan. Weihe Grand Canyon should be the most convenient "Qin people corridor". But the Qin people did not build a decent "official road" here. After Qin Shihuang became the "first emperor in history", he made great efforts to build the "Qin Chi Road" praised by later generations, but there was no Weihe Grand Canyon. During the prosperous period of Han and Tang Dynasties, merchants gathered on the ancient Silk Road, and Guanlong Group rose to the top of the world, but no one could enjoy the convenience of Weihe Grand Canyon. Can't build it, or don't want to build it at all? What kind of historical mystery is this? The Jin people in the Song Dynasty fought around the Weihe Grand Canyon for many years, leaving no military passage.

The third is the mystery of "street pavilion". Liu Chu Qi Shan is a masterpiece of the Three Kingdoms, and it is also the first time in history to really walk out of Qi Shan, and it is also the first northern expedition organized by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang originally wanted to repeat the story of "building the plank road in the Ming Dynasty, hiding the truth". Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi were suspected soldiers, and Gu Jielu captured Yan County. In fact, he led his army to attack Longxi through Qishan Road. "Zhuge Liang wept bitterly and beheaded Ma Su" is a household name. The reason why Ma Su was beheaded was "Street Pavilion", and the first Northern Expedition fell short because of the defeat in the Battle of Street Pavilion. Otherwise, the ancient history of China will be rewritten. Regardless of "right and wrong", just ask where the "street pavilion" is. This is a mystery for thousands of years. There are two main theories at present. First, Qin Anlong said; Second, McKee Street Pavilion said. According to Qin 'an Theory, Jieting was a city in Lueyang in Han Dynasty. Lueyang City still occupied an important position in the late Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Three Kingdoms, it mysteriously disappeared and was initially replaced by a "street pavilion". Its basis is as follows: The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Slightly Lueyang City and The Lost Street Pavilion in Ma Su, which describe the geographical environment in a consistent way with the geographical situation of Longcheng. There are Chang Ying, Daying, Wuying and other place names in the local area, which can also be regarded as war relics, and weapons such as bronze arrows, iron knives and armor have been unearthed, which can be regarded as "material evidence". According to McKee's theory, Jieting ancient town, commonly known as "Jiezikou", has always been the main road of Guanlong and Bashu. Jiezikou is located 70 miles southeast of Tianshui. Jiezikou can pass through Baishiyu, Pingnan, Xiaotianshui and Yan Guan to Qishan Fort. Jiezikou passes Dangchuan, Liqiao, Liangdang and Fengxian, and reaches Hanzhong (until the early years of the Republic of China, caravans and caravans traveled to and from Zhouqin Hanzhong along this road), which is completely in line with what Cao Wei said: "There is a road leading to Qishan in the west of Qinling Mountain, with a pass in the middle and a street pavilion with place names, which is the throat of Hanzhong." Zhuge Liang warned Ma Su many times: "Although the street pavilion is small, it has a lot to do with it. There are no walls or obstacles here. "These are consistent with the terrain of Jieting ancient town. Now it seems that the crux of the problem lies in: Can Jiang Wei and Zhang He capture the "street pavilion" near the mouth of the canyon through the Weihe Grand Canyon?

There are still many puzzles left by history. For example, which way does Tang Priest take from Xi 'an to Tianshui? There are at least three kinds of sayings: one is to cross Longshan and take Chencang Narrow Road or Longguan Road; The second is to cross the Qinling Mountains and the tributaries on the right bank of Jialing River, passing through Tangzang, Liqiao, Dangchuan, McKee and even Tianshui; Third, directly cross the Weihe Grand Canyon. There are also many puzzles about which way Du Fu took to Tianshui in Tang Dynasty. Of course, the most difficult historical mystery to solve is the mystery of "Qin Wengong". In 762 BC, he led 700 soldiers from Xiqiao Palace in the depths of the Great Qinling Mountains to "hunt down" Baoji to "the dying Wei Club". This action, called "Crusade to the East", was actually a secret investigation to prepare the Qin people for moving their capital to Guanzhong. The specific route of this operation is also confused. I believe that with the deepening of research, one day, the truth will be revealed to the world.

Author: The copyright of Dang Shuang Ren belongs to the original author.