Information on promoting Mandarin

Mandarin is the common language in our country. It uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Northern dialect as the basic dialect, and typical modern vernacular writings as the grammatical standards. It is the prescribed language for mutual communication and foreign exchanges among our Chinese nation.

Our country is a multi-ethnic country. The 56 ethnic groups in the country all have their own languages ??and dialects. In daily life, if there is no unified language and everyone speaks their own local dialect and no one understands anyone else, then communication and communication will be impossible; the same is true for foreign exchanges. If you only speak your own national dialect, Not only can foreigners not understand it, but even translators cannot translate it.

Putonghua must be vigorously promoted. Only by promoting Mandarin can we eliminate language barriers between regions and ethnic groups and promote communication and exchanges between regions and ethnic groups; only by promoting Mandarin can we better communicate with foreigners and not only be able to do business with foreigners , and can also learn many advanced technologies from abroad. Only in this way can our country be better developed so that our people can live a happy and prosperous life as soon as possible.

The state stipulates that the promotion of Mandarin must start with students. It is necessary to use Mandarin for teaching in schools of all levels and types, making Mandarin the school's teaching language and campus language; it is necessary to carry out "patriotic flag, sing the national anthem, and speak Mandarin" activities in schools, and promote and popularize Mandarin as a quality improvement for students. important content of education. At the same time, it is stipulated that starting from 1998, the third week of September every year will become the "National Promotion of Mandarin Publicity Week."

We primary school students must start from me and learn and speak Mandarin well. Learn Mandarin well and face modernization; speak Mandarin well to make it convenient for you and me; learn Mandarin well and build our prosperous and good country.

It seems that the problem of not speaking Mandarin is no longer trivial. It not only makes communication between people difficult, but also sometimes causes contradictions and conflicts. Although dialects are also a characteristic of China, the most important thing for us is to learn Mandarin well and promote Mandarin.

It must be preserved, so I advocate: "Mandarin is the national essence of China. We must let the national essence be promoted all over the world and promote Chinese culture!"

Promote Mandarin slogans

(1) The state promotes Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout the country

(2) Actively popularize the national synonyms and enhance the cohesion of the Chinese nation

(3) Love the national flag and sing the national anthem , speak Mandarin

(4) The world has the same pronunciation, and everyone is united

(5) Mandarin: Chinese sound, Chinese love

(6) Popularize Mandarin, the world is one family

(7) Facing modernization, promote Mandarin

(8) Actively popularize Mandarin and work together to build a well-off society

(9) Establish awareness of language norms and improve national Cultural quality

(10) To promote Mandarin, civil servants must take the lead

(11) News media must become role models in promoting Mandarin

(12) Mandarin is ours Campus language

(13) I am a Chinese kid and love to speak Mandarin

(14) Mandarin: the bond of emotion and the bridge of communication

(15) said Use Mandarin to welcome guests from all over the world; use civilized language to express true feelings

(16) Communication——Start with Mandarin

(17) Speak Mandarin well to make it convenient for you, me and others

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(18) Speak Mandarin, start with me

(19) Speak Mandarin well and have friends all over the world

(20) Mandarin makes you and I closer Recently

(21) Mandarin - the needs of the times, the pursuit of fashion

(22) Mandarin - make life more exciting and make society warmer

(23) Mandarin goes hand in hand with youth, and civilized language goes side by side with fashion

(24) Civilized language goes deep into the hearts of men, women, old and young, and Mandarin blends the feelings of the east, west, north and south

(25) Heart to heart Indians and languages ??are connected, and *** can lead a happy life

(26) Achieve smooth communication and build a harmonious society

Promote the knowledge of Mandarin

1. What Is it the synonym of national ***?

Ethnic synonyms are the languages ??used for communication among people within a nation and are one of the main symbols for identifying an independent nation.

2. What is Mandarin?

Mandarin is the synonym of the modern Han nationality and is the language commonly used by all ethnic groups in the country.

3. Is Mandarin equal to Beijing dialect?

Strictly speaking, "Mandarin" does not mean "Beijing dialect".

4. Is Mandarin the same as Mandarin and Chinese?

These three terms refer to Mandarin, which is commonly used throughout my country. In mainland China, it is called "Mandarin", in Taiwan, it is called "Guoyu", and in Chinese communities in Singapore and other countries, it is called "Huayu". .

5. Does speaking "mandarin" mean "official accent"?

"Mandarin" is the old name of Mandarin, and also generally refers to northern dialect, while "official accent" is the facade language in the old officialdom. The two are not the same thing.

6. Does promoting Mandarin mean that dialects are not allowed to be spoken?

The "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: "The state promotes Mandarin that is commonly used throughout the country." However, promoting Mandarin does not mean that dialects are not allowed to be spoken. This is a very important language policy.

7. How can Mandarin be popularized?

After Putonghua became the "campus language", "working language", "propaganda language", "communication language", etc., it was basically popularized.

8. What is the status of Chinese in the world?

Chinese is the universal language of the Republic of China and the main language used in China’s administration, trade and education. It has an importance that cannot be matched by other languages ??and plays an important role in the world. .

The characteristics and charm of Chinese characters

Chinese characters are one of the oldest writing systems in the world. They are the written symbols that record the Chinese language. The shape gradually changes from graphics to square symbols composed of strokes, so Chinese characters are generally called "square characters". It evolved from hieroglyphics (graphic characters) into phonetic characters that also represent phonetic and meaning sounds, but the overall system is still ideographic. Therefore, Chinese characters have the characteristics of integrating image, sound and meaning. This feature is unique among world texts, so it has a unique charm. Chinese characters are the treasure of the Chinese nation’s thousands of years of culture, our lifelong mentors and helpful friends, and everyone’s spiritual home. Chinese characters can often evoke wonderful and bold associations in us, giving people a beautiful enjoyment.

1. Characteristics of Chinese characters (six characteristics)

① From the writing form, Chinese characters are flat square Chinese characters

The strokes of Chinese characters are orderly Distributed in a flat box, this is the most obvious feature of Chinese characters in appearance; the letters of phonetic characters are arranged linearly in a row when forming words.

② There is a certain connection between the shape, sound and meaning of Chinese characters.

There is a certain connection between the shape, sound and meaning of Chinese characters, especially ancient Chinese characters. Traditionally, Chinese characters are considered to be ideographic characters with unified form, sound, and meaning. Chinese characters have the characteristic of knowing the meaning by seeing the form. Some characters can be associated with their meanings from their glyphs, such as "people", "mountain", and "fire". Some characters can have general meanings guessed from their components, such as "Lin", "Kan", and "Cong". , some characters can be roughly inferred from their composition. For example, "jiang", "river" and "lake" are all related to "water", and "tree", "pine" and "cypress" are all related to "water". "Trees" related. However, with the development of Chinese characters, after ancient Chinese characters have undergone official transformation and regularization, the meaning function of the characters is no longer very obvious. The rationale between the form, sound and meaning of many characters can only be seen after certain analysis, and quite a few The connection between the meaning of the word and the shape of the word has been lost.

③ The phonetic unit recorded by Chinese characters is Chinese syllables

There is not a one-to-one correspondence between Chinese characters and syllables. One syllable often corresponds to multiple Chinese characters

(Homophones), some Chinese characters may also correspond to multiple syllables (Polyphones). It can be seen that Chinese characters are different from syllabic characters in terms of writing system. This ensures the long-term and stable development of Chinese characters.

④ When recording Chinese characters in Chinese, word segmentation and concatenation are not implemented.

A Chinese character is a morpheme, so it is easier to distinguish morphemes in written Chinese, but more difficult to distinguish words.

⑤ From the perspective of Chinese characters themselves, there are a large number of Chinese characters and complex glyph structures

⑥ Chinese characters have a certain degree of time and space

The relationship between Chinese characters and pronunciation is not the same. Closely related to meaning, which makes Chinese characters have a certain degree of time and space. This characteristic of Chinese characters is beneficial to the inheritance and dissemination of ancient Chinese cultural heritage in terms of time; in terms of space, Chinese characters have the characteristics of transcending dialects to a certain extent.

2. The evolution of Chinese character fonts

① Fonts (different from art schools in calligraphy)

Oracle bone inscriptions → bronze inscriptions → seal script (big seal → small seal script) → Official script → regular script (running script)

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

Yin and Shang → Western Zhou → Warring States Period Qin → Qin Dynasty → Qin Dynasty - Three Kingdoms → Wei and Jin Dynasties

② Oracle bone inscriptions

The earliest batches of relatively mature writing systems currently seen in our country are the writings popular in the Yin and Shang Dynasties more than 3,000 years ago (because they are engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones). Named after the bones). Because it was discovered in the Shang Dynasty ruins in Xiaotun Village near Anyang, Henan in 1899, it is also called the Yin Ruins script.

The main characteristics of oracle bone inscriptions are that the glyphs are composed of thin lines, mostly straight and square in the corners, with sharp edges and corners, uneven shapes, and uneven character sizes. This is because oracle bone inscriptions They are usually carved with a knife, and tortoise shells and animal bones are hard in texture. Therefore, oracle bone inscriptions are also called Yin Qi and Qi inscriptions.

Although the oracle bone script contains the vast majority of characters without phonetic components, the pictorial features are relatively obvious, and the characters have not yet been unified, the structure is not yet finalized, the radicals are not fixed, and there are many variant characters. But it is already a fairly developed text and can be used to record more complex content. Some texts already have epithetical elements and have borrowed characters.

The content of oracle bone inscriptions is mainly the record of divination by the royal family of the Shang Dynasty. The words engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones are also divination inscriptions.

③ Bronze Inscriptions

It is named Bronze Inscriptions because it is cast or engraved on bronze vessels, and because the most common bronze vessels are bells and tripods, Bronze Inscriptions are also called Bronze Inscriptions. called an inscription. Bronze inscriptions were mainly popular in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Because the bronze inscriptions are cast, the murals are thick, plump and round. In terms of structure and breadth, the bronze inscriptions tend to be more neat, symmetrical, and square, with fewer pictorial features and more symbolic characters, but there are still many variant characters. It can be seen that bronze inscriptions are still typical ancient inscriptions.

④ Seal script

Seal script can be divided into large seal script and small seal script. Dazhuan can be divided into broad and narrow senses. In a broad sense, seal script refers to all characters written in the pre-Qin period, including oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, Zhou inscriptions, and other characters popular in the Six Kingdoms during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In a narrow sense, Dazhuan specifically refers to the writing of the Qin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the narrow sense, seal script is generally represented by Zhouwen and Shiguwen. It is said that Zhouwen is a character in "Shi Zhoupian", and Shiguwen is named after it is carved on a drum-shaped stone.

Small seal script is the standard font adopted by Qin Shihuang after he unified the six kingdoms. The font is much simpler than the big seal script, the strokes are simpler than the big seal script, the structure is more symmetrical and neat, the lines are slightly arced, and the radicals are relatively fixed. , reducing variations and further regional stereotyping of fonts. Xiaozhuan is represented by the carved stones of Mount Tai.

Xiaozhuan is the first standardized font for Chinese characters. The birth of Xiaozhuan marks the unification of Chinese characters, and the standardization and symbolization of surfacing plays an important role.

⑤ Official script

Official script is divided into Qin Li and Han Li. In the Qin Dynasty, Xiaozhuan was the standard font, and official script was also popular. Official script is an auxiliary font used by subordinates for daily writing. It is squarer than Xiaozhuan, but is actually a slightly more sloppy version of Xiaozhuan.

The development of Qin Li into the Han Dynasty became simpler and easier to write, thus forming Han Li, which was the official font popular in the Han Dynasty. Han Li is also called Jin Li, and Qin Li is also called Gu Li.

The birth of official script plays an important role in the history of the development of Chinese characters. It is the turning point in the evolution of ancient Chinese characters into modern Chinese characters. The official script changed the zigzag lines of ancient Chinese characters into square folds, and changed the arcs into straight lines to form strokes. This broke through the basic style of ancient Chinese characters and changed the Chinese characters into flat square fonts. The murals in official script are straight and straight, and the writing style is stretched. Every word is "picked", with waves and edges.

The changes in Chinese character fonts that occur when official script uses dot, vertical, horizontal, left, and N strokes to transcribe seal script is called "official change." The Libian changed the radicals of Xiaozhuan, further turning Chinese characters into purely symbolic characters, greatly reducing the complexity of Chinese characters and laying the foundation for regular script.

⑥ Regular script

Regular script completely transforms Chinese characters into square symbols composed of strokes.

⑦ Cursive Script

Cursive script is divided into Zhangcao and Kuangcao. The former is a font corresponding to Han Li and originated from the late Qin and early Han Dynasty; Kuangcao appeared after the Tang Dynasty.

⑧ Running Script

Running Script is a font that appeared around the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty when Jincao and regular script became popular. It is a font between Jincao and regular script. It is the cursiveization of regular script or the regularization of cursive script.