The difference between past participle used as adverbial and attributive

There are two situations when participles are used as predicatives. One is the present participle used as predicatives, and the other is the past participle used as predicatives. The difference between the two is often tested in exams. Generally speaking, verbs expressing mental states such as excite, interest, etc. are transitive verbs. The Chinese meaning is not "excited" or "happy", but "to make excited" or "to make happy", so the present participle should be "make "Exciting" and "pleasant", while the past participle is "excited" and "pleased". Therefore, everything that means "making people..." is in the -ing form, and everything that means "feeling..." is in the -ed form. In other words, if a person is interested in..., it means someone is interested in..., if the person/thing itself is interested, it means sb./sth. is interesting. Common words of this type are:

interesting makes people feel happy--interested feels happy

exciting exciting--excited feels excited

delighting makes people happy--delighted feels happy

disappointingdisappointing--disappointeddisappointed

encouraging encouraging--encouragedfeeling encouraged

pleasing- -pleased

puzzling --puzzled

satisfying ---satisfied

surprising Amazing - surprising

worrying worrying - worried

Traveling is interesting but tiring. Traveling is fun but tiring.

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much． If students are asked to learn too much, they will become confused.

The argument is very convincing. His argument is compelling.

They were very excited at the news． They were very excited when they heard the news.