Environmental protection knowledge

In 2005, an "environmental protection storm" broke out in mainland China. 30 projects under construction with a total investment of more than 117.9 billion yuan were stopped by the State Environmental Protection Administration, including those belonging to ministerial-level units. Three projects of China Three Gorges Corporation. The reason is that these projects have not undergone environmental impact assessment and are illegal projects built without approval.

There is no way back from environmental deterioration. China’s environmental problems did not begin today. As early as the 1990s, environmental pollution problems were already very serious. Such as the Huaihe River Basin. In the 1990s, Category 5 water quality accounted for 80%, and the entire Huaihe River was like a huge sewage ditch all year round. In 1995, economic losses caused by environmental pollution reached 187.5 billion yuan.

According to calculations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological damage currently account for 15% of the total GDP, which means that on one side there is an economic growth of 9%, and on the other side there is a loss rate of 15%. Environmental issues are no longer just a problem for China's sustainable development, but have become a demon that devours economic results.

Currently, China’s desertified land has reached more than 2.674 million square kilometers; 471 counties in 18 provinces and autonomous regions, and the cultivated land and homes of nearly 400 million people are threatened by desertification to varying degrees, and desertification is still It is growing at a rate of more than 10,000 square kilometers per year.

Among the seven major river systems, more than 40% of the water quality has no use value at all. Of the 668 cities across the country, more than 400 are suffering from water shortages. Many of them are caused by water pollution. For example, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, is located at the intersection of the Yongjiang River, the Yaojiang River, and the Fenghua River. However, due to water pollution, when the water is most scarce, water trucks have to run day and night to transport water from rural rivers to various places in the city. enterprise.

China's average industrial added value of 10,000 yuan consumes 330 cubic meters of water and produces 230 cubic meters of sewage; for every 100 million yuan of GDP created, 288,000 tons of wastewater are discharged. There is also a large amount of domestic sewage. More than 80% of it is discharged directly into rivers without treatment. In less than 10 years, China will be without water.

One-third of the country’s urban population breathes severely polluted air, and one-third of the country’s land is eroded by acid rain. In the economically developed Zhejiang Province, the acid rain coverage rate has reached 100%. The frequency of acid rain is 11% in Shanghai and about 12% in Jiangsu. In central China and some southern cities, such as Yibin, Huaihua, Shaoxing, Zunyi, Ningbo, Wenzhou, etc., the frequency of acid rain exceeds 90%.

In China, the maximum amount of sulfur dioxide emissions allowed to basically eliminate acid rain pollution is 12 million to 14 million tons. In 2003, the national sulfur dioxide emissions reached 21.587 million tons, an increase of 12% over 2002, of which industrial emissions increased by 14.7%. at the current rate of economic development. As well as the methods and intensity of pollution control, by 2020, the sulfur dioxide emissions from thermal power plants across the country alone will reach more than 21 million tons, and the total emissions will exceed the atmospheric environment capacity by more than 1 times. This will be a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. disaster.

On January 27, someone predicted at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland that if no rectification is taken, the sudden environmental crisis in human history will most likely cause the greatest damage to the economic and social system in the near future. appear in China in the future.

There is a saying that pollution control is in a dilemma. To control the environment while developing the economy, investment in environmental protection must reach more than 1.5% of GDP. But this is when environmental protection is already very good. In China, according to Shanghai's experience, to truly and effectively control the environment, investment in environmental protection must account for more than 3% of GDP. In the past 20 years, China's annual investment in environmental protection was 0.5% in the first half of the 1990s, and only a little more than 1% in recent years. Environmental protection is a kind of "luxury consumption" with large investment and small contribution to GDP. Therefore, some special funds that should be used for environmental protection are also misappropriated for other purposes.

Currently, China is faced with a dilemma regarding environmental issues: if it does not manage the environment, the future cannot be guaranteed; if it really needs to be managed, large-scale investment will be needed, and the current economy will be unbearable.

Some people have calculated that the enterprises around Yunnan Dianchi Lake have only created a few billion yuan in output value in the past 20 years. However, to initially restore the water quality of Dianchi Lake, at least tens of billions of yuan will be spent. It is the annual fiscal revenue of Yunnan Province. The cumulative output value of small paper mills in the Huaihe River Basin in 20 years is only 50 billion yuan.

But to control the pollution caused by it, even if the main stream reaches the minimum irrigation water standard, 300 billion yuan will be needed. To restore the water quality to Category III in the 1970s would not only cost a terrible amount, but would also take at least 100 years.

The cost of breaking the law is low, but the cost of law enforcement is high. From a micro perspective, in the past 20 years, when the domestic manufacturing industry was unable to rely on technological progress to reduce energy consumption and costs, it could only tap its potential in two aspects: One is wages, and the other is environmental protection. For the simplest things, such as cement production, to meet minimum environmental protection requirements, each ton of cement needs to increase the cost by 8 yuan, accounting for 5% of the ex-factory price of cement. The textile industry discharges more than 1 billion cubic meters of wastewater every year. If it needs to be treated, it will cost 1.2 to 1.8 yuan per ton. Increase production costs by 5%. And the vast majority of companies simply don't have such high profit margins. Therefore, we can only fight guerrillas on environmental protection issues: either not to build any wastewater treatment facilities; or to use them as decorations after they are built, put the sewage into the treatment tank during the day, and discharge it into the river when no one is around at night, so that we can save money. A big cost. In the disorderly competition in the market, this 5% cost. It often determines the profit and loss, life and death of the enterprise.

China's environmental law enforcement has two highs and one low - the high cost of complying with the law, the high cost of law enforcement, and the low cost of breaking the law, which also contributes to this tendency. Usually, the environmental protection department spends 500,000 yuan to obtain evidence for an illegal discharge incident, and the fine that ultimately falls on the illegal enterprise is only 50,000 yuan, including the so-called "environmental protection storm" that is blowing hard. .

Some extremely large power station projects with investments of billions of yuan started construction without authorization in violation of environmental assessment, and the final fine was only 200,000 yuan. A mere fine of 200,000 yuan is a drop in the bucket for a project with an investment of over 100 million yuan. How can such a punishment deter illegal behavior? Therefore, the Environmental Protection Law has always been called the "Tofu Law".

An environmental protection storm will involve hundreds of thousands of companies, and the result will inevitably be: a large number of companies go bankrupt, a large number of people are unemployed, business costs increase significantly, and the domestic price index quickly exceeds two levels. number of digits. Therefore, both macro and micro costs are actually unbearable.

Four factors hinder environmental governance. Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, summed up the four reasons for the huge resistance encountered by environmental protection departments in the process of law enforcement:

First of all, some Local governments do not fully understand the scientific concept of development and simply pursue economic growth. Some projects that are expressly prohibited such as small smelting, small ferroalloys, and small chemicals with high energy consumption and heavy pollution are actually spreading in some places.

Secondly, some local governments unilaterally emphasize simplifying examination and approval and completing relevant procedures within a time limit when attracting investment. Regardless of whether the project will cause pollution, as long as it comes to invest, it will be approved. In some places, there are illegal phenomena such as "the will of the head" and "get on the bus first, buy the ticket later" in the environmental impact approval of construction projects.

Once again, the quality of environmental assessment needs to be improved urgently. Some environmental impact assessment units do not insist on scientific evaluation and do not dare to speak with objective facts and scientific data. The assessment conclusions are vague and ambiguous, and they push the conclusion of the environmental feasibility of the project to the approval department. Some even some environmental impact assessment units commit fraud and fabricate , falsify data, or conceal facts, seriously affecting the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system, making environmental impact assessment a mere formality, and losing the basic scientificity and impartiality of third-party consulting agencies.

Finally, information disclosure and public participation are insufficient. my country's current environmental impact assessment system is government-led. It is obviously insufficient to supervise a huge number of construction projects with limited government power.

In fact, the resistance encountered by the environmental impact assessment law is driven by economic interests.

Setting off a real "environmental protection storm"

China is a big country with very little room for maneuver on the environment, and it is also a country that has emerged after the global resources and markets have been basically divided. A rising country. There is no way for China to wait until the environment becomes extremely bad and then deal with it, like some pioneering countries.

But China is also a developing country. The path taken by others of first developing the economy and then controlling pollution will inevitably be followed by China.

The history of various countries around the world has shown that there is a very similar law between economic growth and environmental change: in the process of industrialization of a country, environmental pollution will increase at a high speed in line with the GDP. During the period of growth, especially the era of heavy and chemical industry: when GDP grows to a certain level, with the upgrading of the industrial structure and the increase in residents' willingness to pay for the environment. After reaching a turning point, the pollution level will suddenly decline with the growth of GDP, until the pollution level returns to below the environmental capacity. This is the so-called environmental Kuznets curve. Japan's development process was based on this law.

There is no doubt that it is impossible for China to transcend such an era of heavy and chemical industry. Because China has too many people and the country is too big, it cannot directly enter the high-tech era with the help of global division of labor when its manufacturing industry is not yet developed, like Finland.

In the late 1990s, the author returned to his hometown in southern Jiangsu. Gone are the days when he was a child with clear river water and four towns and eight towns within four villages and towns by boat. What surprised the author is that the main factor causing this situation turned out to be the most common domestic garbage. In China, even without industrial development, the pollutants brought by population growth are enough to degrade the environment to an intolerable level. Even controlling such pollution requires large investments and an economic foundation.

China has a long way to go to control pollution, and it needs to act in accordance with the law to prevent the occurrence of vicious environmental incidents and slow down the speed of environmental deterioration.

1. What kind of food does green food refer to? (C)

A. Vegetables and fruits B. Green food C. Safe and pollution-free food D. Food with rich nutritional value

2. Which of the following can be classified and recycled? , recycled garbage. (C)

A recycle waste plastics B recycle leftovers C recycle waste paper D recycle biological waste

3. Which leader initiated my country’s environmental protection cause? of? (D)

A. Mao Zedong B. Liu Shaoqi C. Deng Xiaoping D. Zhou Enlai

4. Which of the following is not environmental pollution? (A)

A, biological contamination B. Food pollution C, noise pollution D, soil pollution

5. What three aspects does the environmental status assessment include?

A. Environmental pollution evaluation B. Ecological evaluation C. Aesthetic evaluation. D Land quality evaluation

6. The acid rain area in my country accounts for (B) of the land area

A. 20% B.40% C. 30%

7. Choose phosphorus-free laundry detergent (B).

A. Protect clothes B. Prevent pollution C. Protect hands

8. Wetland protection is an important field of environmental protection and a hot spot in international nature conservation; World Wetland Day is celebrated every year of: (C).

A. March 12 B. May 2 C. February 2

9. The largest nature reserve in my country (C).

A. Kanas Lake Protected Area B. Tianchi Protected Area C. Altun Mountain Protected Area

10. Bayinbulak Swan National Reserve is (B) the most popular place for whooper swans Concentrated breeding grounds.

A. my country B. World C. Asia

11. One AA battery can permanently lose the use value of one square meter of land, and one button battery can pollute ( C) A. 1 cubic meter of water B. 1,000 cubic meters of water C. 60,000 cubic meters of water

12. The emblem of the China Wildlife Conservation Association is (B)

A. Red-crowned crane B. Giant panda C. Camel

13. Xinjiang’s animal and plant kingdom, known as the mysterious wonderland, is (A) a national nature reserve.

A. Hanas B. Tianchi C. Altun Mountain

14. Which of the following is wrong: (C)

A. Three Waste lunch boxes can be used to make a student ruler

B. After dissolving, waste cans can be 100% recycled countless times into new cans

C. Waste glass cannot be recycled

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15. National key protected wild plants (A).

A. Level one and level two B. Two levels: key and non-key C. Level 1, 2, and 3

16. In order to protect the blue sky, we should (C) when we go out.

A. Try to choose comfortable transportation B. Use private cars C. Try to choose public transportation

17. To reduce "white pollution" we should (A )

A. Consciously use less or less refractory plastic packaging bags B. Litter plastic waste

C. Use plastic products as much as possible

18. Environmental changes caused by environmental factors refer to (A)

A. Environmental impact B. Environmental improvement C. Environmental transformation

19. When using a copier, the copier has high voltage Ozone (B) produced by the chemical reaction between parts and air

A. No impact B. Harmful to human health C. Beneficial to human health

20. The objects of environmental monitoring are: : (A)

A. Atmosphere, water, soil, organisms, noise

B. Atmosphere, cityscape, soil, organisms, noise

C. Atmosphere , traffic, soil, biology, noise

21. Currently, human society is facing one of the six serious environmental problems: (B)

A. Ecological environment degradation problem B. Ecological environment Deterioration and environmental problems caused by new resource development

C. Problems with new resource development

22. Our country has established (C) as a basic national policy.

A. National unity B. Poverty alleviation C. Environmental protection

23. The biosphere generally refers to the relationship between (B) the boundary circle formed by the biological system and the boundary circle of nature, Influence.

A. Humans, animals B. Humans, animals, plants C. Animals, plants

The 24th and 21st centuries are (C) centuries.

A. Technology B. Economy C. Environmental protection

25. With the development of the green consumption movement, a (B) lifestyle has gradually formed around the world.

A. The pursuit of fashion destroys the environment B. Protect the environment and respect nature C. Protect the environment and consume blindly

Discuss the pros and cons of using disposable chopsticks and plastic tableware in restaurants and restaurants

Answer: Pros: Hygienic, not easy to transmit various diseases.

Disadvantages: Plastic tableware is difficult to handle and causes "white pollution". Disposable chopsticks waste a lot of wood, which in the long run will destroy forests and destroy the ecological environment.

Conclusion: The harm outweighs the benefits and its use should be stopped

(4) Answers to the questions and answers

1. The "three wastes" in industry and the "three wastes" in life refer to each What?

Answer: The industrial "three wastes" refer to waste gas, waste water, and waste residue;

The "three wastes" of domestic life refer to feces, garbage, and sewage.

2. Do you know that food contamination can be roughly divided into two categories according to its nature?

Answer: A. Biological pollution B. Chemical pollution

3. What are the main pesticides that cause harm to the human body by contaminating food?

Answer: A. Organochlorine pesticides B. Organophosphorus pesticides C. Organomercury pesticides

4. What are the main soil pollutants in my country? (The whole class raised their hands to answer)

Answer: Pesticides and heavy metals (especially cadmium)

5. What are the "five poisonous" substances often mentioned in water pollution?

Answer: Phenol, cyanide, mercury, chromium, arsenic.

6. About 1.8 billion people in the world are now sick due to drinking biologically contaminated water. Do you know what diseases are mainly caused by drinking contaminated water? (At least 4 correct answers)

Answer: There are dysentery, injuries, side injuries, cholera, polio, infectious hepatitis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, etc.

7. What are the ways in which water bodies are polluted? (Answer at least 3 or more types)

Answer: Urban sewage, industrial wastewater, farmland containing pesticides, chemical fertilizers, organic matter, atmospheric fallout, radioactive scattering and acid rain, etc.

8. What are the five gases that are most damaging to green plants?

Answer: Nitrogen oxide, ethylene, chlorine, fluoride and sulfur dioxide.

9. What are the main types of environmental pollution?

Answer (1) Air pollution (2) Water pollution (3) Soil pollution (4) Food pollution (5) Radioactive pollution (6) Noise pollution

10. Smoking is harmful to health , do you know which major carcinogens and radioactive substances are contained in cigarettes?

Answer: Nicotine; Polonium-210,

11. What are the four main sources of environmental noise?

Answer: Transportation, industrial production, construction industry, social life

Youth participation in urban environmental protection

The environment dedicates everything it has without reservation, and human beings are Born, reproduced and developed on its sustenance. Today, when environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious, it is time for us to do something for the environment.

Ancient Chinese philosophers have repeatedly emphasized that harmony with the environment is the highest virtue. Gorky also once said, "It is better to give than to receive." These words contain profound philosophy. If human beings want to develop, they must protect the environment. Otherwise, environmental pollution will become a stumbling block to human progress. When we ask for something from the environment, we will give it back twice as much, so that we can live in harmony with the environment and help each other.

We can summarize the seven major pollutions in the city.

1. Air pollution

2. Water pollution

3. Noise pollution

4. Solid waste pollution

< p>5. Electromagnetic radiation pollution

6. Thermal pollution

7. Living environment pollution

In addition, there are small green areas and urban "crowding syndrome" etc. questions.

In fact, we urban residents have witnessed the existence of these pollutions and are deeply affected by them. What we young people must do is to participate in urban environmental protection. I think it can be divided into two steps, awareness and action.

Awareness is very important because awareness guides people's actions. We must realize the importance of environmental protection. Because the environment is closely related to human beings, if we demand too much from the environment without cherishing it at all, we will definitely be punished by the environment. Once some disasters and damage are caused, it is difficult to make up for it; once the environment has been seriously polluted, it is much more difficult to restore it to its original appearance than to protect it now. Therefore, if you do not protect the environment now, you will know how to cherish it and regret and despair when you lose it in the future. It's too late! For the sustainable development of mankind, we should put environmental protection into practice.

The action of protecting the environment requires everyone's participation. No matter how powerful it is, everyone should start from themselves and around them.

Like caring for your own home and your own wealth Also care for the environment.

Teenagers should start with practical and small things, as follows:

1. Regularly promote environmental protection knowledge

2. Plant a tree every year

3. Save scratch paper and use disposable tableware

4. Walk softly and slowly, don’t litter

5. Firmly support environmentally friendly products

6. Recycling useful waste and disposing of toxic waste

Environmental protection has a long way to go and will not be achieved overnight. Young people should insist on environmental protection and let the environment grow better and more stably as we grow. develop.

Protecting the earth starts with me

Throughout the ages, Mother Earth has nurtured countless generations of descendants with her sweet milk. It turns out that she was beautifully decorated by the juniors. However, now humans torture her to the point of darkness for their own benefit. Humanity has only one earth; and the earth is facing a severe environmental crisis. "Save the earth" has become the strongest voice of people all over the world.

I feel heartbroken by the deterioration of the surrounding environment. I think: as the future successors, if young people do not understand the composition of the human environment and the seriousness of environmental problems, and ignore the laws and regulations related to environmental protection, they will not be able to If we strengthen our awareness of environmental protection and consciously fulfill our obligations to protect the environment, our lives will be destroyed in our own hands, and God will severely punish us. For this reason, I made up my mind to start from myself, protect the environment, protect our homeland, and be a guardian of the environment.

In the past year, I actively participated in tree planting activities carried out by the school, and led the class cadres of our first grade (6) squadron to create the "Green Angel" green planting and protection group to encourage the team members I adopted a small sapling on campus and used my spare time to dress it up, laying the foundation for it to grow into a towering tree. In the "Let the Earth Be Full of Life" signing event organized by the school, I solemnly signed my name, and wrote down my determination and expectations for environmental protection, and my vision for a better future. I actively participated in the award-winning submissions held by the school on World Environment Day, carefully reviewed and collected various materials, conducted social surveys, and wrote articles on environmental governance ideas. I often attended environmental lectures organized by the school and watched environmental protection recordings. Together, we actively participated in the Q&A survey on environmental protection knowledge and filled in every question carefully. I participated in the construction of the website of the "Red Scarf Planting and Green Protection Team", where I published a large number of environmental protection pictures and environmental protection knowledge, as well as legal knowledge on various aspects of environmental protection, my country's development trends in environmental protection, and the environmental protection situation in various countries around the world; Every month, I use the Internet and newspapers to find some of the latest different topics and sections of "environmental protection information" to tell everyone; I also regularly make some publicity boards to promote environmental protection knowledge and common sense of environmental protection in life. It has improved everyone's awareness of environmental protection; I call on students to care for their homes from different aspects, start from the small things around them, and contribute their own strength to the surrounding environment! I actively mobilize people around me to protect and build in accordance with the law The last and only home of mankind is to promote the sustainable development of economy and society and contribute to human civilization. I also jointly launched with my classmates "Raise a pot of flowers, adopt a tree, cherish every piece of green space, let the surroundings be filled with green" and "Use small plastic bags instead of foam lunch boxes and disposable chopsticks to keep us away from white pollution” initiative. Let us put down the convenience bags, pick up the vegetable baskets, and let us move towards a beautiful green tomorrow and a glorious and brilliant future together!

According to a report I collected: "Environmental issues It is caused by the unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources by humans. The shocking environmental problems mainly include air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, food pollution, and inappropriate development and utilization of natural resources." These are iron-clad facts. Tell us that they devour human lives mercilessly like demons. It threatens the ecological balance, harms human health, restricts the sustainable development of the economy and society, and puts mankind into trouble. For this reason, I make a declaration: "As long as we, human beings, never forget the awareness of protecting the environment and the awareness of managing the environment in accordance with the law, the global village will become a beautiful paradise." The sky in the future must be blue, the water is clear, the trees are lined with flowers, and human beings can enjoy the happiness that nature has bestowed upon us.

“The true test of our contribution to the environment is not words, but actions.” Although I am only doing some small things now, I firmly believe that if we all have the responsibility to protect the environment , starting from ourselves, starting from small things, and working together to protect our homeland will naturally give mankind the rewards it deserves. Take a nap on the grassland, the cradle of warmth; grow up under the sky, the kind smiling face; bathe in the river, the source of love