Megacities are expanding again! Four super "metropolitan areas" are coming out.

The super "metropolis circle" is coming.

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North, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, they all shot.

Recently, the Shenzhen Municipal Development and Reform Commission announced its work plan for 2020, indicating that it will speed up the planning of Shenzhen metropolitan area, and explicitly mentioned that it will coordinate the participation of Dongguan Hui, Heyuan and Shanwei to help Heyuan and Shanwei integrate into the construction of Greater Bay Area.

This means that Shenzhen metropolitan area is no longer limited to the traditional "Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou" area, but further includes Heyuan and Shanwei into the "sphere of influence". The GDP of these five cities accounts for about 40% of Guangdong province, and the Shenzhen metropolitan area is ready to appear.

Prior to this, the "Shanghai Metropolitan Area" had begun to appear, and the "sphere of influence" expanded to eight cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang: Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nantong, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Zhoushan and Huzhou. Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou metropolitan area in a narrow sense is included in the scope of Shanghai metropolitan area.

At the same time, three counties around Beijing finally entered Beijing.

In March this year, the coordinated development plan of Tongzhou in Beijing, Sanhe in Hebei, Dachang and Xianghe was released, and the three northern counties will cooperate with Tongzhou Sub-center.

Guangzhou, another big city, is also expanding.

Following Guangfo's proposal to build a trillion-dollar industrial cluster and the deepening of Guangfo-Zhaometropolitan area, the concept of "Guangzhou-Qingdao Special Economic Cooperation Zone" landed on paper, and the cooperation of "Guangzhou-Qingdao Integration" entered the deep water area.

This indicates that, unlike many second-tier provincial capitals that directly rely on the annexation of surrounding cities to complete large-scale expansion, first-tier cities no longer seek the expansion of administrative divisions, but rely on enclave economy, urbanization and metropolis to enlarge and strengthen their "sphere of influence".

The era of super metropolitan area is coming.

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Shenzhen, which is eager to expand for a long time.

As a pioneer demonstration area and a special economic zone, Shenzhen's urban status is unique. However, the development of Shenzhen has long faced a shortcoming: the urban area is insufficient, the land resources are relatively tight, and the exploitable space is increasingly scarce.

The resident population of Shenzhen is more than130,000, and with the floating population, the actual managed population may exceed 20 million. The urban area of Shenzhen is less than 2,000 square kilometers, Guangzhou is 7,434.4 square kilometers, Shanghai is 6,340.5 square kilometers, and Beijing is as high as10.6 million square kilometers.

As stated in the article "In 2020, the first shot of property market regulation came", the urban area is relatively limited, and the land cost in Shenzhen remains high, both the house price and the office price far exceed that in Guangzhou.

Excessive land costs will not only stimulate the rise in housing prices, but also raise industrial costs. Many manufacturing enterprises have started the road of emigration, among which there are many giants like Huawei Terminal.

Because of this, Shenzhen has been trying to expand its production capacity.

In recent years, the rumors of Shenzhen merging Dongguan and Huizhou are endless, and the news of Shenzhen's "direct administration" is flying all over the sky. Every move has stimulated the nerves of the market, and local officials have to respond: the rumors are groundless.

Obviously, whether it is directly under the central government or annexation, the possibility is slim.

Because the Pearl River Delta area is relatively limited, and Shenzhen, as a city under separate state planning, has a relatively unique financial sharing model, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area itself has also participated in the coordination of the relations between the three places, if there is one more out of thin air, the cooperative relationship between Greater Bay Area will be more complicated and changeable.

Therefore, the way is not annexation, let alone direct administration, but expansion in the enclave economy and metropolitan area.

At the end of 20 18, the Shenzhen-Shantou special cooperation zone was officially unveiled. Not only will all residents be registered in Shenzhen, but the "enclave" of Shanwei will also be directly managed by Shenzhen and upgraded to Shenzhen "10+ 1" district.

Last year, Heyuan issued a document focusing on planning the "Shenhe Special Cooperation Zone". Following the "Shenzhen-Shantou Special Cooperation Zone", another "enclave" may appear in Shenzhen.

The significance of enclave economy lies in that it can not only keep the industry in the province, but also promote the development of backward areas, and the relevant GDP data can also be shared between the two places, which is a win-win move.

This time, Shenzhen proposed to coordinate Dongguan, Huizhou, Heyuan and Shanwei to participate in the planning of Shenzhen metropolitan area, which is also a reflection of further opening up.

03

Compared with Shenzhen, Shanghai metropolitan area has landed.

At the beginning of this year, with the release of the implementation plan of Yangtze River Delta integration, the scope of Shanghai metropolitan area was formally determined: Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nantong, Ningbo, Jiaxing, Zhoushan and Huzhou were all included.

Among them, including four cities in Jiangsu Province (Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Nantong) and four cities in Zhejiang Province (Jiaxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan and Huzhou), the Shanghai metropolitan area has entered the "1+8" model.

Among them, Suzhou, Wuxi and Ningbo are all trillion GDP cities, and Nantong is close to trillion. On the whole, the total GDP of nine cities in Shanghai metropolitan area is about 10 trillion, accounting for110 of the whole country.

If the Shenzhen metropolitan area is only the coordination within the province, the Shanghai metropolitan area is the coordination within the urban agglomeration, which can extend the sphere of influence to the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, which is the embodiment of Shanghai's unique position.

In recent years, due to industrial competition from neighboring cities, Shanghai is no less controversial than Guangzhou.

Soon, these disputes disappeared in the outline of the Yangtze River Delta integration plan. As stated in the article "China's largest urban agglomeration has come, these places have been entrusted with heavy responsibilities", this plan not only clarifies Shanghai's only leading position in the Yangtze River Delta, but also gives Shanghai a positioning as a super metropolitan area.

The plan is clear. "Give full play to Shanghai's leading role, give full play to the advantages of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui", "Enhance Shanghai's urban energy level and core competitiveness, and lead the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta", which defines Shanghai's position as the "five centers" of international economy, finance, trade, shipping and scientific and technological innovation. ...

Therefore, it is logical for Shanghai to extend the "sphere of influence" of the metropolitan area to the hinterland of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and to include trillions of cities such as Suzhou, Wuxi and Ningbo in its own radiation range.

The expansion of Shanghai metropolitan area will naturally bring spillover effect. The most typical ones are Nantong New Airport and Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Cross-sea Passage.

First, it is a foregone conclusion that the new Shanghai airport will land in Nantong. The newly released "Integrated Development Plan for Higher Quality Transportation in the Yangtze River Delta Region" clearly states that "the planning and construction of Nantong New Airport is an important part of Shanghai International Aviation Hub".

Second, this plan also includes the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo cross-sea passage.

Once this plan is implemented, the time from Ningbo to Shanghai will be shortened to about half an hour, and Shanghai will undoubtedly have closer ties with Ningbo, Zhoushan and other important towns in Zhejiang.

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Beijing's status is detached and somewhat different.

For Beijing, expansion is not the main tone, but the key point is to deconstruct the functions of non-capital. The direction of deconstruction is xiong'an new area, the sub-center of the city represented by Tongzhou and the area around Beijing.

If Beijing and Tianjin belong to the strategy of urban agglomeration, then the coordinated development of Tongzhou and the area around Beijing is an inseparable part of the strategy of metropolitan area.

In March this year, the coordinated development plan of Tongzhou District in Beijing and Sanhe, Dachang and Xianghe in Hebei Province was released, positioning this area as a demonstration zone for coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

This area will take Tongzhou as the center, undertake Beijing's non-capital functions such as transferring industries, medical care and education for the elderly, and at the same time promote the docking construction of intercity railways and rail transit, and strictly control the disorderly development of real estate. Resolutely abandon the development model based on real estate development.

It can be seen that the biggest beneficiary of the strategic expansion of Beijing metropolitan area will be the surrounding areas of Beijing, and the three northern counties can be said to be close to the water and get the moon first.

This can be seen from the new policy of differentiated settlement introduced by Langfang, Hebei Province.

According to the regulations, Hebei Bazhou City, Wen 'an County, Dacheng County and other non-capital surrounding areas will be lifted, Guangyang District, Anci District, Langfang Development Zone, Yongqing County, Gu 'an County and other areas will have to pay social security or individual tax for more than six months, and sanhe city, Dachang Hui Autonomous County and Xianghe County will have to pay social security or individual tax for more than three years.

In the future, the three northern counties and the surrounding areas of Beijing will accelerate their integration into Beijing.

05

Compared with Shanghai and Shenzhen, Guangzhou is undoubtedly the forerunner of metropolitan area.

Corresponding to Shen's focus on the east bank of the Pearl River, Guangfo has become the leading metropolitan area on the west bank of the Pearl River, and "Guangfo City" has become a model of the national metropolitan area.

As early as 2009, "Guangfo City" was born. These two trillion-dollar cities are less than 30 kilometers apart, with the same culture and similar geography. The subway has passed through two cities, and the boundary between the two cities has almost disappeared.

◆ The long-term road network map of Guangfo Metro comes from the network.

It can be said that Guangfo is the most urban area in China, and its urbanization level ranks first in China.

Because of this, the city of Guangfo has been emphasized many times in the planning of Greater Bay Area.

According to the plan, the strong alliance between Hong Kong and Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Foshan, Australia and Zhuhai will play a leading role, accelerate the urbanization of Guangzhou and Foshan, enhance the overall strength and global influence, and lead Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to participate in international cooperation deeply.

However, for Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Foshan city and even Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaometropolitan area are just the beginning. Guangzhou has extended an olive branch to Qingyuan, Zhongshan, Dongguan and even Yunfu and Shaoguan.

According to the Master Plan of Guangzhou Land Space in 2035, Guangzhou Metropolitan Area will be built around the integration and development of Guangzhou and surrounding cities. These include promoting the integration of Guangzhou and Qingdao with higher quality and promoting the coordinated development of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shao Yun economic circle.

In terms of the integration of Guangzhou and Qingyuan, Guangzhou and Qingyuan have established a special zone for economic cooperation between Guangzhou and Qingyuan, which has written many official documents, and a new "enclave economy" is about to emerge.

Regarding the integration of Dongguan and Zhongshan, Guangzhou proposed to plan subway connecting passages with surrounding cities such as Foshan, Dongguan, Qingyuan and Zhongshan, and make use of the transportation advantages of provincial capitals to continuously expand the scope of Guangzhou metropolitan area.

The development of Guangzhou metropolitan area can explore the feasible direction for the national metropolitan area strategy.