What are the 48 phonetic symbols in English?

English International Phonetic Alphabet (English Phonetic Alphabet, 48)

Vowel (20)

Long vowel/ɑ://? :/ / ? :/ /i:/ /U:/？

Short vowel/? / /? / /? / /? / /? / /e/ /？ /

/e？ / /a？ / //

Diphthongs // /e? / //

// /a？ /

Consonants (28)

Light consonants /p//t//k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/

Voiced consonants /b/ /d/? /g/ /v/ /？ / ? /z/

Light consonants/? / / h/ /ts/ /t？ / /tr/？

Voiced consonants/? / / r/？ /dz/？ /d？ / /dr/？

Nasal sound /m/ /n/? /? / ?

Half vowel? / j/ / w/？ Sidetone/？ /

Pronunciation rules:

1. With sound:

When two unvoiced sounds are connected together, the unvoiced sound behind them should be pronounced accordingly.

For example, [sk] in school should be pronounced as [sg], [sp] in speak should be pronounced as [SB], and [st] in stool should be pronounced as [sd]. ?

2. Blasting loss:

When the plop is followed by a consonant [whether in a word or not, only the action is reserved, not the pronunciation.

Good morning! The middle [d] can't be pronounced, but it can't be without action, and the [k] in doctor can't be pronounced, and it can't be without action.

The voiced sound at the end of the word should be pronounced as the corresponding unvoiced sound.

Intonation:?

English intonation is continuous and cannot be read as irrelevant words.

1. Easy reading and stress reading

Content words:

Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. , the number mun. ] pressure.

Function words:

[pron。 ，conj。 , ready. Art, exclamation point, auxiliary verb aux.v.]

In addition, verbs to have and to be[ that is, am, are, is, was, were, etc. ] You should also read more easily.

2. Up and down:

Comma and conjunction before (1).

② General interrogative sentences should be tonal.

(3) The end of the declarative sentence should be a falling tone.

(4) At the end of the special question, the tone should be lowered.

⑤ When choosing interrogative sentences, the tone should be high before and low after.