When to use white characters on a black background?

When to use white characters on a black background?

When we use white characters on a black background, our lives will be very different. There are many different uses of white characters on black background, and the meanings contained in them are also very valuable. Here is a description of when to use white characters on a black background.

When can I use 1 for white characters on a black background? 1. Physiological perception

From the physiological mechanism of human eyes to study. Human vision enters the cornea by light, enters the pupil after refraction, enters the lens after adjustment by the pupil, and then concentrates on the retina and then transmits to the brain, which is transformed into the image we see. In this process, some unique physiological phenomena have a subtle influence on our vision.

1, lateral inhibition

(Side suppression renderings: Same color, but the square on the left looks darker)

Lateral inhibition refers to the phenomenon that adjacent receptors can inhibit each other, that is, when a neuron is stimulated and excited, the excitement of the latter will inhibit the former. When a receptor is stimulated, the generated nerve impulse will inhibit the input signal of the adjacent part.

(Because of lateral inhibition, people often see a brighter light band in the bright area and a darker line in the dark area on the boundary of light and dark changes. This brighter and darker area is the Mach band effect. )

Generally speaking, the main functions of lateral inhibition network in information preprocessing are as follows:

① It can highlight the edges and increase the contrast.

(2) It compresses a large input variation range into the dynamic range of the network itself, which has obvious brightness adaptation function;

③ It can fit the tiny discontinuity of the image and has obvious clustering effect.

Influence: When reading the text information, the stared word will be the clearest, and other words around this word will be weakened by the visual center. Lateral inhibition is also one of the reasons why human beings have various optical illusions.

2. Visual adaptation

Visual adaptation is a process in which the perception of visual organs changes with the continuous stimulation of external brightness. The retina contains cone-shaped cells and rod-shaped photoreceptor cells. Cone cells are responsible for making vision clear and perceiving colors in light. Rod-shaped photoreceptor cells enable us to perceive weak light in the dark environment. The mechanism of visual adaptation is the readjustment of these cells and nerve activities, which can be divided into dark adaptation and light adaptation.

① Dark adaptation: When the lighting stops or the light enters the dark environment, the eyes will temporarily lose sight of things. At this time, the rod-shaped photoreceptor cells begin to work, which improves the sensitivity to weak light and makes human beings gradually adapt to the dark environment. People with rod-shaped photoreceptor cells are "night blindness". Rod-shaped photoreceptor cells can't distinguish colors, so everything is the same color in the dark! )

② Light adaptation: When lighting starts or enters bright environment from dark environment, the sensitivity of human eyes decreases and the eyes transition to bright visual state. For example, when you walk out of the cinema, you start to feel the sun is dazzling, but it will soon return to normal.

Influence: dark adaptation and light adaptation are the ability of human eyes to respond to environmental light stimuli, but frequent visual adaptation will lead to rapid visual fatigue.

3. Visual afterimage

After the effect of light stimulation on visual organs stops, the excitement of cells does not stop with the termination of stimulation, and the sensory phenomenon can be maintained for a short time. This phenomenon is called visual afterimage. For example, staring at the light bulb for a few seconds, and then looking elsewhere, you will see the image of the luminous light bulb.

Influence: Strong stimulation will excite the visual organs, produce visual after-images, and accelerate visual fatigue.

According to the above visual phenomena, we can draw such a conclusion:

(1) Due to the visual phenomenon of lateral inhibition, the human eye can increase the contrast, darken the black font and brighten the white font, whether it is black or white on a white background, so as to clearly identify the characters.

② Due to the principle of visual adaptation, we read the information of white text on a black background when the light is sufficient. Focusing on white text will darken the black background, so our eyes need to adapt to the darkness, which will accelerate visual fatigue. At night, the eyes are already in a state of dark adaptation. Reading information with white characters on a black background does not require visual adaptation, and fatigue will not increase. Therefore, using dark background and light words at night will reduce irritation and make your eyes more comfortable.

③ When reading information with white characters on a black background, the white font will be more dazzling because of lateral inhibition, and the black background will be heavier. Browsing white fonts for a long time will produce strong light stimulation, resulting in visual afterimages and visual fatigue. Therefore, even when there are white characters on a black background, we should reduce the light stimulation by reducing the contrast, thus reducing the visual fatigue. When reading information with black characters on white background, the focused characters are black, which will not produce light stimulation and visual afterimages will basically not appear.

When to use white characters on a black background? Second, psychological perception.

1, background color attribute

① Black: Black can be defined as no visible light enters the visual range (the display screen actively emits light, and it is black if it does not emit light), and black can make other colors brighter and more prominent. From the perspective of color psychology, black conveys the feeling of elegance, formality, fame and power, and a large area of pure black will give people a feeling of seriousness and depression.

② White: The color containing all colors of light in the spectrum, which is usually considered as "colorless" and has the highest brightness and colorless phase (white light is emitted when the three primary colors are combined in the display screen). White is a neutral color and is often used as the background color of a page. Most of the impressions are clean and concise, and a large area of white will have a feeling of relaxation.

2. Matching effect

① Black words on white background: The overall effect of traditional black words on white background is relatively clean and refreshing, and the focus will not fall on the words in the first time when reading. The reader's attention will be distracted from time to time due to the reflection of the surrounding white area. However, due to lateral inhibition, when focusing on non-reflective black fonts, the visual stimulation is not strong, so the visual fatigue caused by long-term reading is weak.

② White characters on black background: For the form of white characters on black background, lateral inhibition will make the focused white fonts more dazzling and have strong visual stimulation, which can quickly catch the reader's attention, but it will also cause visual fatigue due to strong visual stimulation, which is not suitable for long-term reading.

3. Reading habits

Users' common reading habit of words originated from black and white books, which has a long history. Because the earliest tools used to record information, such as charcoal and ink, are mostly dark, while the hides and bamboo slips used to carry words are mostly light. Later, the plant fibers used in early papermaking were also light-colored, so black and white became a reading habit accumulated in human history for many years. Moreover, according to the current market manufacturing, even if paper needs bleaching, the cost is much lower than that of uniform dyeing.

4, text readability

JacobNielsen, a famous pioneer in the field of user experience, concluded through research: "Text and background should be matched with high contrast colors. Black words on a white background can improve readability to the greatest extent, while white words on a black background have almost the same effect on readability. Although the contrast of the two color schemes is the same, the latter will slow down the user's recognition of words. Due to the limitation of color matching, the content of white text is more slender and fuzzy than that of black text on a white background, and the overall clarity is actually not as good as that of common black text. This situation is most obvious under the combination of pure black background and pure white font. "

According to the above aspects, we can draw the following conclusions.

Black characters on white background is a long-standing reading habit of human beings. They are slightly more readable than white characters on a black background. When focusing, the visual stimulation is weak, resulting in less fatigue, which is more suitable for reading multiple texts for a long time.

② When reading white characters on a black background, white fonts are the main characters, which have strong visual stimulation and can quickly attract attention, but at the same time, it is easy to feel tired due to visual excitement. More suitable for scenes that need to highlight key points and attract readers' attention.

Third, summary.

Through the analysis of physiological perception and psychological perception, we can find that the use of white characters on black background and black characters on white background is not a relatively isolated problem. The visual physiological function of human beings is very powerful. We can strengthen the parts that need to be read through lateral inhibition, and we can also cope with different light intensity environments through visual adaptation. However, the powerful visual function also corresponds to the corresponding visual burden, so the use of white characters on black background and black characters on white background can be considered according to the following aspects.

1, depending on the type of content to be displayed by the product.

Black characters on white background are more readable and suitable for long-term reading; White characters on a black background, visually stimulating, can attract people's attention. Different products hope to achieve different goals, so they should be designed according to product requirements.