Junior high school Chinese is full of classical Chinese sentences (PEP) and problem-solving skills. If you give me junior high school Chinese sentences in classical Chinese, then 100 wealth.

Classical Chinese Sentence Breaking Formula —— Teaching you to break sentences by hand for reference in Tianjin

Many candidates are afraid of broken sentences in classical Chinese. So, is there a rule to follow in the sentence breaking in classical Chinese? In fact, sometimes there is a way to break sentences in classical Chinese, and there is a key to grasp. Now, according to certain methods and grasping some key points, it will bring convenience to the sentence breaking in classical Chinese. In the teaching of sentence-breaking in classical Chinese, the author consulted a lot of materials and summed up a set of practical sentence-breaking methods through continuous exploration. Please remember the following formula:

Don't be afraid of difficulties in breaking sentences in ancient Chinese, you can only bear it if you think carefully. Don't ask long and short paragraphs. It is the key to read and think carefully. Only when you fully understand the composition can you break sentences. Read the full text before and after, easy before difficult. Hold fast to "Yue", "Cloud" and "Speech", and dialogue is the easiest to find. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference. Master idioms, but don't break up fixed structures. The meaning of part of speech should be carefully studied, and the grammatical structure is helpful to judge. Duality and repetition are parallel, and rhetoric provides good conditions; The same word is closely related, generally separated in the middle. Look back after the topic is finished and check it carefully as required. Lay a solid foundation for reading textbooks and cultivate a sense of language to read classics; Practice a thousand songs, watch a thousand swords, and punctuate sentences repeatedly.

1. Don't ask long and short paragraphs. It is the key to read carefully and fully understand the main meaning before breaking sentences.

When students break sentences in classical Chinese, one of the most common mistakes is to break sentences while reading. After reading the article, the sentence is broken. Looking back, I feel that there are many inappropriate places. In fact, this "one-step" method is not feasible. Understanding the content is closely related to sentence breaking. Reading carefully and understanding the general idea is the premise of correctly breaking sentences, because if you don't understand, you can continue to point, and if you don't understand, you can't point well. Can't do it so-so, can't read it, can't read it twice, and can't get through. When we get an ancient prose without punctuation, we must first read the whole text and study it repeatedly. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning." Read it several times, and you will naturally understand the meaning. Then, according to the content of the article, break several large sections or levels first, and disconnect the places that are sure. For example, after reading the test questions on the Beijing paper, we can understand the meaning and level of the article: this paragraph tells the story of "A saiweng loses his horse, wins the horse, and gains the horse", telling people not to treat "gain" and "loss" in isolation and stillness. "Good" and "bad", "good" and "bad" can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. After basically understanding the main idea of the article, we can grasp the development process of "falling horse-winning horse-falling son", grasp people's views and "Saiweng" attitude, and break sentences layer by layer.

2. Read the full text before and after, easy first, then difficult.

It is usually easy and difficult to punctuate an article. After we have roughly grasped the meaning of the article, we can first disconnect what can be disconnected and gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing difficult sentences. This is a method that is easy first and difficult later. For example, in this year's Beijing Volume, let's break the underlined sentences, suggesting that the underlined parts can be broken before and after, which is very helpful for us to understand the content of paragraphs and break sentences. We can also break sentences that are easy to distinguish according to some obvious signs (such as function words and dialogues mentioned below).

In addition, we should have full-text awareness. For places that are not easy to break sentences, we should contact the meaning of the context and carefully scrutinize them to determine where to break sentences. For example, students get very low scores in sentences ① and ② when they do the sentence-breaking problem of classical Chinese in Beijing volumes, which is mainly influenced by "Ren Hu" and "distinguished people". In fact, it is easy to connect with the following "Jia Fuzi is good at riding and shooting, and everyone hangs his father's words"-the underlined part should be broken at the back, and "father's words" should be punctuated at the front, so "everyone" should be interrupted.

3. Hold fast to "yue", "cloud" and "speech", dialogue is the easiest to find.

Classical Chinese often uses words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan" when describing the dialogue between characters, which provides convenience for correct sentence breaking. When we encounter words such as "Yue", "Cloud" and "Yan", it is easy for us to judge the speaker and content according to the context. For example, "His father said" and "Why not do this ..." appeared many times in the Beijing volume.

4. The commonly used function words are symbols, which are regular and can be used for reference.

In classical Chinese, there are many function words, such as "only Hu Zhe". Ouyang Xiu's Drunken Pavilion uses 27 "leaves" throughout, and almost every sentence ends with the word "leaves", which is a beautiful talk. The main function of function words in classical Chinese is to express grammatical relations and mood, which is often an important symbol to distinguish sentences from reading. In learning, we are familiar with the usage of various commonly used function words, especially their common positions in sentences, which helps to break sentences:

(1) modal particles at the beginning of a sentence, such as "Qi, reform, behavior, mourning, blessing, praying for happiness", can be punctuated, and relatively independent interjections commonly used at the beginning of a sentence, such as praying for happiness, Yi Hu, alas, etc. , you can punctuate before and after;

(2) The modal particle "Ye, Ye, Ye, Zai, Hu, Yan, Er, Jiu" at the end of the sentence can be broken;

③ Some related words commonly used at the beginning of a sentence, such as Gou, Zong, Shi, so, however, in any case, Zhi Ruo, even then, Ran Ze, can be used to break sentences.

④ Time words that often appear at the beginning of a sentence, such as "love", "phase", "Ji Er", "Si Xu" and "He Er", can also play the role of sentence breaking.

5. Grasp the special sentence patterns, but don't disassemble the fixed structure.

Remember the following typical sentences in classical Chinese, such as "What crime?" (What was the crime in Song Dynasty? ); "Like ... what" (like the Taihang Wangs? ); "Only ... is ..." (only Ma Yu followed closely); "Not only that ... but also ..." (Not only the weather, but also the suppression. ); "Don't worry ..." (Don't worry? ); "Why ..." (Qin rude, why see? ); "Nothing ... almost (nothing is not? ); "Can you get it? "(can you get it? ); "Nothing ..." (Nothing unusual? ), etc. , can help break sentences.

Remember the fixed phrases in classical Chinese and don't split them, which can reduce sentence-breaking errors. Such as something, nothing, something, nothing, what if, enough, nothing is, why, etc.

6. The meaning of part of speech should be carefully studied, and the grammatical structure helps to judge.

The ancients didn't know the grammatical structure, but only punctuated sentences with a vague sense of language. We can use grammar knowledge to analyze the sentences in classical Chinese and determine how to break sentences according to grammar analysis. Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether some words in an article are subordinate or subordinate, but it is easy to solve when using grammatical knowledge to divide subjects, predicates and objects.

Like modern Chinese, the subject and object of classical Chinese are generally served by nouns or pronouns, and the predicate is mostly served by verbs, which is the core of the sentence. Grasping the predicate verb and inferring according to the verb position and the relationship between the verb and the word before and after can improve the accuracy of sentence breaking. For example, the title of Beijing Volume is "If a horse dies for no reason, everyone will hang up" and "His horse will be a good one, and everyone will congratulate him on his return". We can find the verbs "death", "entry", "hanging up", "return" and "congratulations". According to grammar knowledge and careful analysis, we will not change the "entry" after the location "Hu" into "Hu Ren" but will.

In addition, the subject is usually followed by a sentence (this sentence should be a broken sentence after the subject) "If there is no object or complement behind the predicate, this sentence will be broken; If there are objects and complements, sentences are usually continuous, but when words such as "Yue", "Yun" and "Yan" are used as predicates, they should be disconnected from their objects. Generally speaking, a sentence should be broken after the object, and there is no sentence between the attribute and the head word it modifies. The word order of classical Chinese is basically the same as that of modern Chinese, that is, the subject comes first, the predicate and object come last, and the modifier comes before the head word. Mastering the word order law of classical Chinese lays the foundation for accurate punctuation of classical Chinese. It can be seen that grammatical analysis is helpful to accurately break sentences.

7. parallelism, duality and repetition, rhetoric provides good conditions; The same word is closely related, generally separated in the middle.

The ancients paid great attention to the neatness, correspondence and mutual care of antithesis when writing articles, and made good use of antithesis, parallelism and duality, which also provided conditions for us to punctuate sentences correctly. We use this feature to break sentences, often one place, and then we can break several places, which will get twice the result with half the effort. For example, "His father said why not do it ..." in the Beijing volume appeared three times repeatedly, which is very helpful for us to understand the content and break sentences.

In ancient Chinese, if two identical words are used together, if they are not in the form of overlapping adjectives and nouns, they generally belong to two sentences and should be disconnected from the middle. For example, "A curse is a blessing/a curse is a blessing" in the Beijing Volume, and another example is "Yu Gong Yi Shan": "Your heart is solid, and you have never been a widow or a weak child. Although I am dead, I have a son; Children have grandchildren, grandchildren, children have children, children have grandchildren, and children are infinite. "

8. Look back after the topic is finished and check it carefully as required.

After the topic is finished, read it through. According to the basic requirements of sentence breaking in classical Chinese, use grammatical analysis or language sense to test whether the sentence is correct and reasonable.

The basic requirement of sentence breaking in classical Chinese is that sentence breaking can make sense. If some sentences are meaningless, it may be that there are mistakes in punctuation. The content of every sentence is reasonable and logical. If the content is unreasonable, it may be wrong. For example, "the foundation collapsed, abandoned armor and fought, and more than 100,000 people were beheaded." (History as a Mirror, Volume 16) Although every sentence in this passage is reasonable in itself, the sentence "More than 100,000 people died in the water" is unreasonable: Why did the soldiers who abandoned their armor and fled after losing the battle "die in the water"? They fight for survival, not suicide. Therefore, the correct punctuation should be followed by a comma.