How far is it from following to leading?

-Overview of the development of smart mines at home and abroad

The experience of foreign mine information is worth learning.

According to Hu Nailian, a professor at University of Science and Technology Beijing, intelligent mine is a more complex system engineering, involving the application and integration of technologies such as intelligent equipment and sensing systems, which not only requires data-based and model-driven control and management in physical space; More importantly, it is necessary to embody integration and cooperation and realize multidisciplinary, multi-physical, multi-scale and multi-probability analysis and calculation in virtual space.

Since 1990s, the United States, Britain, Germany, Australia and other countries have begun to study the key technologies of automatic coal mining, and German DBT Company has successfully developed a fully automatic fully mechanized coal mining system based on PM4 electro-hydraulic control system. JOY Company of the United States has developed a thin coal seam cutting system based on computer integration.

In 2 1 century, foreign intelligent mining used the combination of drilling geological exploration and excavation to describe the occurrence and distribution of coal seams in the working face, and obtained the three-dimensional coordinates of shearer through gyroscope, thus realizing the automatic production of the working face.

In the United States, JOY and Caterpillar's high-reliability complete sets of equipment are used to mine medium-thick coal seams with simple conditions, and realize on-site intervention automatic mining, that is, hydraulic support electro-hydraulic+memory coal cutting. Later, the Australian Federal Scientific and Industrial Research Organization put forward the longwall automatic control technology, which adopted high-precision fiber optic gyroscope and customized positioning navigation algorithm to realize the three-dimensional spatial positioning of shearer.

At present, foreign mining intelligence has formed international brands such as JOY, sandvik and Dosco. These manufacturers have done a lot of work in mechanical equipment and automation research, and made breakthroughs in automatic cutting technology of roadheader, monitoring and automatic control technology of conveying equipment, forming a fully functional remote control, cutting surface monitoring and geological condition identification system based on neural network.

In Kiruna Iron Mine, Sweden, unmanned intelligent mining is basically realized, and all manipulations are completed by remote computer centralized control system.

At the Rio Tinto Remote Control Center in Perth, Australia, workers control the mining equipment in the Pilbara area, which is 1500 km away. The world's largest driverless truck system, an automatic transport fleet consisting of 73 trucks, has reduced the loading and transportation costs of international iron ore giant Rio Tinto by 15%.

"It can be seen that the construction of intelligent mines abroad pays special attention to the synchronous upgrade of software and hardware facilities, which not only requires the automation and intelligence of mining and transportation equipment, but also puts data transmission, analysis and final accounts in an important position as the whole intelligent operation, and combines modern management systems with data analysis to form an efficient intelligent computing system. Compared with the construction of smart mines in China, it is necessary to pay more attention to the collocation of software and hardware facilities, do a good job in automation of mining, transportation and other equipment, and at the same time cooperate with the high-speed big data analysis and final accounts center to make mines have intelligent' brains' and flexible' limbs' to truly realize the synchronization of smart mines. " Professor Hu Nailian said.

The construction of intelligent mines in China is booming.

China is a big mining country. Due to the great attention of government departments and the positive actions of mining enterprises, the construction of intelligent mines in China has shown a vigorous development momentum.

Hu Nailian introduced that the construction of intelligent mines in China can be roughly divided into three stages: in the 1990 s, the single-machine automation stage was the main stage, and at this time, the single-machine equipment realized programmable control to reduce human intervention; In the second stage, at the beginning of 2 1 century, primary data processing was realized between devices and networks, and small-scale linkage was realized between devices. In the third stage, in the period of local intelligence, big data cloud computing is applied to realize the interconnection between devices and between terminals and clouds. The background big data processing center automatically analyzes and makes decisions or provides decision-making opinions to enterprise decision makers, or enters the automatic control mode and automatically sends control instructions to equipment.

At the same time, relevant scientific research institutes and coal enterprises pay attention to the combination of Industry-University-Research, which significantly improves the intelligent mining technology and equipment level of underground coal mines in China, and promotes the gradual realization of less people mining in underground coal mines. The gap between the key technologies of intelligent mining and foreign countries has gradually narrowed, and the reliability of equipment has gradually improved. Independent research and development of domestic electro-hydraulic control system, coal mining memory cutting, hydraulic support follow-up automation, coal flow load feedback control, visual remote intervention and other core technologies, the overall mining level is developing towards comprehensive intelligence.

Although China's mines have made achievements in intelligence, there is still a certain distance compared with the intelligent mines in developed countries, mainly as follows: most of China's mining equipment is mainly foreign mainstream equipment; Upgrade is also subject to people, high maintenance costs and long waiting time make enterprises lose the desire to upgrade. However, some experts said that in polymetallic mines, due to the influence of complex space and humid, dusty, disturbing and vibrating environment, the current intelligent equipment is not smart enough, not only drilling, charging, blasting and other equipment are difficult to realize automation, but also scrapers and rail transport equipment are still at the level of remote control, and the technology of autonomous operation of mining equipment needs to be further improved.

In view of the above problems, some experts said that it is the general trend of mine intelligent development to realize the whole process data sharing and value chain collaboration through industrial Internet. Innovating the production mode and development ecology of industrial Internet and accelerating the construction of identification and analysis system are of great significance for promoting the upgrading of industrial value chain, multi-party collaborative innovation, operation optimization and optimal allocation of resources.

King Cao, chief expert of Chinalco Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., said that in combination with the construction of intelligent mines in China, we should be based on reality, pursue practicality and ensure practical results. Starting from the fundamental purpose of ensuring safety, improving efficiency and reducing costs, AI intelligent robot, AR real scene reproduction technology, twin digital work and other technologies are continuously applied to help the industry realize industrial upgrading from automation, digitalization to intelligence.