Three slogans of the new culture movement

The slogans of the New Culture Movement are "Mr. De" and "Mr. Sai", which are democracy and science. "Democracy" refers to democratic thought and political science "mainly refers to the laws and spirit of modern natural science.

The New Culture Movement (19 15-1923) was an ideological liberation movement against tradition, Confucianism and classical Chinese initiated by Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and Lu Xun who had received western education (then called new education). 19 15 Chen Duxiu published an article advocating democracy and scientific thought in New Youth, which started the new culture movement. This movement dealt a heavy blow to the traditional ethics that ruled China for more than two thousand years, stimulated people's democratic consciousness, promoted the development of modern science in China, and laid an ideological foundation for the spread of Marxism in China and the outbreak of the May 4th patriotic movement.

Representative figure

Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun and Li Dazhao.

Main position

"New Youth" Peking University

Rising background

(1) Politically: ① Imperialism stepped up its aggression; (2) Warlords' rule is getting darker and darker, and we must continue to oppose imperialism and feudalism.

(2) Economically: During the First World War, China's national capitalism further developed. The fundamental reason is that the national bourgeoisie has developed and stepped onto the political stage, strongly demanding democratic politics and developing capitalism.

(3) Ideological and cultural aspects: ① After the Revolution of 1911, western enlightenment ideas spread further, and the idea of democracy and harmony was deeply rooted in people's hearts. (2) Beiyang warlord (Yuan Shikai restored the monarchy) pursued the counter-current of respecting Confucius and restoring the ancients (democracy * * * and ideas are at odds with respecting Confucius and restoring the ancients). More importantly, people at that time reflected on the failure of the Revolution of 1911. After the Revolution of 1911, advanced intellectuals realized that the root of the failure of the revolution was the lack of democracy and consciousness in the people's minds. They must attack feudal thoughts and consciousness from the perspective of culture and thought, and realize the real * * * and political power by popularizing * * and thoughts.

(4) Class: The bourgeoisie strongly urges China to implement democratic politics.

Therefore, the emergence of the New Culture Movement was not only the product of the comprehensive effects of economic, political, ideological and cultural factors at that time, but also the inevitable result of long-term material and ideological preparation in modern China.

motor process

The main contents of the initial stage of the new culture movement

After the Revolution of 1911, Yuan Shikai also strongly advocated respecting Confucius and reading classics when he was carrying out imperial restoration activities.

Chen Duxiu

As soon as he ascended the presidency, he tried to worship Confucius. 1965438+In June, 2003, he personally published the book "Respect for Kong Ling" and advocated "the broadness of Confucianism". 19 14, the order of offering sacrifices to saints was issued, informing the whole country to hold the "Confucius Sacrifice Ceremony". In order to support Yuan Shikai's restoration of monarchy, Chinese and foreign reactionaries set off a counter-current of respecting Confucius. Since 19 12, they have established "Confucius churches", "Confucius institutes" and "Confucius institutes" all over the country, and published "I can't stand it" and "Confucius Church Magazine". Kang Youwei also demanded that Confucianism be designated as the "state religion", declaring that "Confucianism has the potential of China, but scattered Confucianism has no potential of China". He also said that "China people don't worship Heaven or Confucius, so why leave this knee?" . Faced with this reactionary countercurrent, some bourgeois and petty-bourgeois intellectuals colluded with feudal forces; Some have died out; Many people feel confused and depressed and can't find a way out. However, radical democrats, represented by Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao and Lu Xun, launched the anti-feudal new culture movement, publicized bourgeois democratic thoughts with great fanfare, and fought fiercely against the feudal thoughts of respecting Confucius and restoring the ancients. This movement began with the publication of Shanghai Youth Magazine on September 6th, 2005 at 5438+0965438+5th. Chen Duxiu is the editor-in-chief, and Li Dazhao is the main contributor and participates in the editing work.

Chen Duxiu was a radical democrat. He hated the rule of feudal warlords at that time and demanded real democracy. He criticized the feudal social system and ethical thought, and thought that in order to realize the democratic system, the feudal patriarchal clan system and moral norms must be eliminated. On the other hand, Li Dazhao opposed the idea of respecting Confucius, demanded freedom of thought, and called on young people not to cling to the dying society, but to strive to create a youthful China. When the magazine published the first issue of the second volume in September, it moved to Beijing and changed its name to New Youth. Progressive intellectuals rallied around New Youth, held high the banner of democracy and science, lashed out at the feudal forces of restoring ancient ways from the aspects of political opinions, academic ideas, ethics, literature and art, concentrated their efforts on attacking Confucius' theory as the ideological basis for maintaining feudal autocratic rule, and set off a wave of "overthrowing Confucius' shops". They also advocate gender equality and personality liberation. From 19 17, they raised the banner of "literary revolution", advocated vernacular Chinese, opposed classical Chinese, advocated new literature and opposed old literature. With the development of the New Culture Movement, New Youth has actually become the ideological leadership center of the New Culture Movement.