Why can't Linux always replace Windows?

Hello, Hugh, let's share your problems.

Foreword Why should Linux replace Windows?

Linux was born to serve, and Windows was born for individuals from the beginning. Why do they replace each other? Why can't they coexist?

Linux: the core idea-everything is a file 1, which is a kernel, not an operating system; So we usually say, "Is the operating system Windows, Mac or Linux?" It's wrong, Ubuntu, Fedora, etc. Is the name of the operating system, they all use the Linux kernel;

2. 199 1 was originally developed by Linus Torvalds for 386 (personal computer); Linus torvalds was a graduate student in Finland at that time;

3. The mascot of 3.Linux is penguin (English name: Tux). Because Torvalds was bitten by a penguin when he was a child, he was very impressed. The code of Unix and Linux consists of 90% C language and 10% assembly, so it can be transplanted to other hardware with a little modification.

Advantages and disadvantages of Linux

1 and the advantages of Linux

1. Open learning environment;

2. Quickly fix vulnerabilities;

3. Because the kernel is only a few hundred K, it is suitable for embedded systems;

2. Disadvantages of 2.Linux

1. Some professional software has no Linux version;

Windows 1983, Microsoft officially announced that it began to design Windows, and its positioning is: a graphical interface operating system designed for personal computer users.

Windows 1.0

Release time:1985165438+1October 20th.

Major upgrade: None

Keywords: MS-DOS graphical interface, multi-task execution

Historical position: It was named "Window", which laid the direction of the window.

Windows2.0

Release time: 1 987165438+1October1

Major upgrade: None

Keywords: Intel processor optimization, multi-window cascade

Historical position: Wintel Alliance pioneer, which has a far-reaching impact on the future development of the industry.

Windows3.0

Release date:1May 22, 990

Major upgrades: 3. 1, 3.2

Keywords: control panel, desktop icon, network, 16 color support.

Historical position: finally recognized Windows system

Windows95

Release date:1August 24, 995

Major upgrade: 95 OSR2

Key words: 32-bit system, start menu, IE browser, blue sky and white clouds, USB.

Historical position: the foundation of Windows system hegemony, and the beginning of failure alone.

Windows98

Release date:1June 25, 998

Major upgrade: 98SE

Key words: home users, graphics accelerator card, MMX, multimedia entertainment, blue screen.

Historical position: ruling the family, no one can shake the hegemony.

Windows2000

Release date: February 6, 2000 438+07

Major upgrade: 2000SP 1/SP2/SP3/SP4.

Key words: version subdivision, NT kernel (version 5.0), NTFS, mixed kernel, permission classification, stability.

Historical position: NT kernel shines brilliantly

WindowsME

Release date: September 6, 2000 438+04

Major upgrade: None

Keywords: digital multimedia, blue screen, blue screen, blue screen

Historical position: the end of DOS kernel

Windows XP

Issue date: 00125 October.

Major upgrade: XP SP 1/SP2/SP3/SP4.

Keywords: 64-bit, brand-new interface, blue sky and white clouds II, longevity, occupancy rate

Historical position: the most successful window to unify the rivers and lakes.

Windows Vista

Release date: 65438+20071October 30th.

Major upgrade: Vista SP 1/SP2.

Key words: user management mechanism (UAC), read-ahead memory management mechanism, Aero glass special effects, high hardware requirements and poor compatibility.

Historical position: untimely birth, a new beginning

Windows7

Release date: 65438+2009122 October

Major upgrade: 7 SP 1/SP2.

Key words: Vista vest, easy to use, stable operation, SSDTrim.

Historical position: the most comprehensive window

Windows 8

Release date: 2012101October 26th.

Major upgrades: 8.1/8.1sp1.

Keywords: plane icon, dynamic tile, cross-hardware platform, cancel start menu, application store.

Historical position: subversive Windwos operation experience

Windows10: 2015+July 29, 2005

Release date: 2065438+July 29, 2005

Major upgrade: none.

Keywords: Start menu regression, free upgrade within 1 year (piracy is ok), forced upgrade, automatic recognition of desktop tablet mode.

Thank you for reading. I am an artificial intelligence technology ape. Listen to me, solve the problem!

I am a programmer, and I use Linux and Windows every day. Linux does not need to replace Windows, and Linux also has its own "hegemony" field. Then why do some people think that Linux is far less popular than Windows? Then let me analyze it.

Linux is too technical and weak in graphic operation, so it is difficult for computers to get started. Linux is very convenient for programmers. Linux has Shell commands, and all operations can be done through the command line. For computer Xiaobai, this is really a "heavenly book" level book. For example, looking for a file containing a string in Linux, we programmers can directly "grep-nhr" XXX ",which is very convenient, but how can computer Xiaobai remember so many commands?

Of course, Linux also has various graphical desktops, such as GNome, KDE, MATE, Unity and so on. From Win7 to Win 10, computers are in the dark, let alone Linux.

Linux lacks hegemony, has many versions, and its software installation and support are not good.

Linux is an open source system. Different vendors package Linux kernel and form their own hairstyles, such as Red Hat, SUSE series and Debian series. Therefore, different software may need different libraries under Linux. Installing a software, if you encounter problems, is a headache.

Under Linux, WeChat has no Linux version; Many players who listen to music still don't have a Linux version; Under Linux, PDF and word document readers are far less useful than windows Office.

Linux and Windows have different "genes", which determines their respective roles. Linux doesn't surpass Windows, but Linux doesn't have Windows, okay? Doesn't Linux make money without Windows? Of course not. In 20 16 years, Linux occupied more than 80% of the market on the server side. Therefore, on the server side, Linux is the overlord. Our company used nearly 40 servers, and only used Windows servers for two days.

Although Linux is not familiar to ordinary computer users, it has been widely used in many companies, especially Internet companies. Because Linux is open source, it can write scripts and execute commands in batches, and Linux is safe and stable. The above is my humble opinion on this issue. If I think what I said is helpful to you, please like it and pay attention! Hello, senior people in the IT industry come to talk about their views.

When Linux system will replace Windows system is a commonplace topic. Supporters of Linux want Windows to disappear from the world immediately. Windows users seem to be too lazy to pay attention to Linux system at all. Even when they hear that it is a Linux system when buying a computer, they will immediately ask: Why is there no pre-installed system? Yes, in the eyes of ordinary white users, Windows is synonymous with the operating system. For them, Windows is the operating system, and the operating system is Windows. Why is this happening? Is Linux not good enough? Maybe, maybe not. Admittedly, Linux has its unique advantages in file system, security, fluency and portability, but why don't users recognize it? In my opinion, there are three main reasons for this phenomenon.

Windows is preconceived and becomes the de facto standard of operating system.

The first version of Microsoft operating system, Microsoft Windows 1.0, was released in 1985. In fact, this product failed and didn't stir up any splash in the market. Subsequently, Microsoft continued to launch optimized versions of Windows 2.0 and Windows 3.0. By 1994, the Chinese version of Windows3.2 was released for the first time, which was widely used in China because it eliminated the language barrier. Also in 1994, Linus, a sophomore at the University of Helsinki, Finland, launched the complete kernel version of Linux operating system 1.0. Since then, Linux system has officially started to grow, but compared with Windows, it has "lost" at the starting line.

In fact, the early Linux operating system did not deliberately compare with Windows, and there was no commercial software, which was related to the open source characteristics of the Linux operating system itself. Developers in the open source community are all expanding and evolving Linux functions based on interests, and there is no clear commercial promotion plan. However, Windows is different. As the chosen sons of the same generation, Jobs and Bill Gates have no respect for anyone in Silicon Valley. They desperately develop a graphical interface operating system based on "windows", hoping to unify the operating systems. Therefore, the "slackness" of Linux and the "crazy output" of Bill Gates in business have finally achieved the dominance of Microsoft. In the past 30 years, Microsoft has successively released classic works such as Windows95, Windows98, Windows XP and Windows7. According to statistics, the number of Windows users in the world is about 65.438+0.8 billion to 2 billion.

Linux's "chaos"

Yes, people who like Linux system can list the advantages of 10,000 Linux operating systems, such as openness, excellent file management, rich network functions, reliable system security and good portability. But in the final analysis, Linux is an open source system, and any individual or group that abides by its open source license has the right to develop it commercially. According to statistics, there are hundreds of different distributions of Linux. Such as debian and archlinux based on community development, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, SUSE and oracle linux based on commercial development. A hundred flowers blossom, the more difficult it is to occupy the market of desktop operating system, because ordinary consumers prefer an orderly operating system with a unified version.

In fact, the market share of Linux system is not low. According to the data released by DAP in 20 18, the desktop version of Linux operating system accounts for about 0.6% to 1%, which definitely belongs to others compared with Windows and IOS. However, this does not mean that nobody uses the Linux operating system. In fact, its market share is not low, but ordinary users don't realize it. At present, Linux system is widely used in enterprise servers and embedded fields. According to statistics, more than 95% of enterprise servers in the world are Linux systems, and the kernel of Android, the mobile operating system with the largest number of users in the world, is Linux system. Therefore, the market share of Linux system is not low.

To sum up, in the field of desktop operating system, although Linux has made some efforts, the existing software can basically meet people's daily needs, but it is still an old saying: "If you were born in Yu, you can't shake the status of Windows and Mac OS in a short time; However, in the field of embedded systems and enterprise servers, Linux has given full play to its characteristics of stability, open source, free and security, and firmly occupied the top position with absolute advantage.

As a doctor of computer science, I think this question is related to me. I have been operating two systems for a long time before. I use linux when programming and windows when working.

In fact, these two systems have different positioning, different user groups and different functions. Linux is mainly server-oriented or developer-oriented, and it has a relatively fast command-line operation mode.

Windows is oriented to ordinary users, and ordinary users can get what they see by clicking the mouse when interacting with the graphical interface. This method is very convenient and helpful for ordinary users.

I don't think anyone can replace the relationship between these two systems, because each of them has characteristics that the other can't replace. Why can't Linux always replace Windows? Let me briefly talk about the stability of the two systems and the richness of supporting ecological resources.

Stability The desktop stability of the current linux distribution needs to be improved. Even though linux fans think that windows is a bunch of bugs with poor stability, the fact is that desktop stability using windows and Mac OS is much better than linux distribution. When upgrading Linux, Grub often hangs, and the graphics card driver can't run in the new kernel, which leads to the bug that X or Xorg can't be started, which leads to the complete failure of starting the keyboard. You must rely on the Livecd boot/partition to change the configuration file. In fact, this rarely happens in the upgrade of windows.

The richness of supporting ecological resources and the software resources on Linux are far from being comparable to windows. In fact, this problem can be seen from the rapid development of iOS and Android. Why thousands of developers are willing to develop software on a certain platform. Linux never lacks software as a server application, but it still lacks a lot of desktop use. At present, linux cannot attract many companies and ordinary developers to develop daily-use software under Linux.

I don't know how expensive rice, oil and salt are. In the past, I also spurned many companies for not developing clients under linux. In fact, the support of our products for Linux is far behind windows, Mac OS and Android. . Before, I always thought it was because the company's development was a fool and could not get cross-platform things. From the company's point of view, it is definitely the choice direction of all development teams to make products that are used by more people with minimum energy. If we change our company, if the investment in developing windows client and linux client is the same (in fact, the client under linux is often larger), one client can be used by more than 90% netizens, and the other can only be used by about 2% netizens, we will concentrate on developing windows version ourselves. In fact, it is very serious for most Internet companies to work overtime, because most of the time they are invincible.

As a senior IT and DIY computer enthusiast, let's analyze:

For so many years, Windows and macOS have monopolized computer desktop systems, and many people have been wondering whether there is an operating system that can replace them. At present, the only system that can compete with windows is Apple macOS, but it is only used on Apple models, so everyone places this expectation on Linux. Can Linux replace windows? Let's analyze from the following points:

The development history of Linux and windows windows originated in 1985, while Linux (desktop system) was born in 199 1. At first, they were all images of UNIX-based operating systems (UNIX is the earliest open source system). The birth difference between them is six years. At that time, the third generation windows version was released, and its name was Windows 3.0. Since the birth of windows, there are nearly 30 versions. The development time of Linux is not as early as that of windows, and the version is different.

Differences in development direction Because windows is closed source, Microsoft has mastered its main core code, and development and upgrade can only be completed by Microsoft. Because of its open source, Linux has become a learning tool or development platform for more computer enthusiasts. In terms of customer experience and improvement, windows has collected more information and paid more attention to customer experience. On the other hand, Linux is more developer-oriented, and there is no uniform standard.

Economic support When a company has no profit support, it can't continue to develop and operate, and there is no way to build a development ecosystem, which can't make more APP developers and software and hardware equipment suppliers adapt. Therefore, as an open source and free system, Linux can't have enough funds for ecological maintenance like windows.

Insufficient development of APP-too few developers and more users accepted windows system and slowly gave up Linux. The increase of users leads to more demands and extensions, and developers also use windows as a platform for developing applications. Without the support of interests, Linux gradually withdrew from the computer desktop system, and this vicious circle was formed, and the stronger the stronger.

Summarizing the advantages of Linux is actually its weakness. Because it is free and open source, most of it is used by servers and developers. Without economic benefits, there are fewer and fewer developers. Although many versions have been published, few versions are maintained. If we want to build this ecological environment faster, then it must involve more developers. And there are senior enterprises to lead and continue to develop and promote, so as to truly establish this ecological balance.

Good topic, I'm glad to answer this question. As a developer, I can use Windows, macOS and Linux simultaneously. I'll talk about my views based on my practical experience.

First of all, user group factors

1, usage habits, simply put, are what the Windows desktop looks like and what Linux looks like.

Let's talk about non-technical things first:

1)Linux looks like Windows, and Microsoft won't agree;

2) Will 2)Linux copy Windows? Although there are many articles in the world, in order to prove your sense of existence, you must do something. In addition, there are so many Linux vendors that it is difficult to unify them.

I think the technical level can be described in one sentence: where is my C disk!

2, software support, this support can not be done in a simple sentence, this needs to be transplanted, and the basic platform is different, similar to rewriting, you can imagine how difficult it is.

Second, preconceptions are very important.

Prejudice is really important! Not to mention the operating system, we can know it from the TV series we usually watch. Old versions of The Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and various martial arts TV plays are still very popular among middle-aged people. But for the children after 00, perhaps they are more recognized by the new version. The same is true of the operating system. Microsoft made the desktop about six years earlier than Linux, which means that when Linux is ready to be developed, Windows already has a considerable market. Naturally, as far as desktop applications are concerned, the market acceptance of Windows is higher than that of Linux. But now some Linux vendors also pay great attention to the desktop environment, hoping to stick to it and do better and better ~

Third, the emphasis is different.

I can only analyze this from my personal point of view, and there will be more subjective judgments. Linux focuses more on servers, while Windows focuses more on personal computers. As mentioned in the topic in the question, most users of Linux are technicians. But technicians are only a small part of the whole population, and more people are still using Windows. More importantly, technicians not only use Linux, but also often use Windows (for example, when playing games).

In my opinion, both Windows and Linux are excellent operating systems, and a customized Linux kernel has been embedded in Windows 10. In some ways, Linux won!

This is my opinion. In fact, in retrospect, do we really need Windows? Is diversification not good?

It has been nearly 40 years since the birth of Window used by billions of users all over the world. It can be called the cornerstone of the Internet era. Why does linux replace windows?

It is predicted that human society has always had a bottom logic, that is, simplicity can become the mainstream. I can even predict here that if there are no performance problems in the future, the graphical interface operating system represented by windows will definitely replace the command line operating system represented by LINUX.

The actual situation at present, the actual situation of human society is simply difficult and complicated to kill!

Just a few examples:

For example, cars: manual transmission cars are sporty and interesting to drive, but automatic transmission cars have become the mainstream.

For example, games, StarCraft, Warcraft, DOTA, LOL, the glory of the king, who really broke the circle in the end? The glory of the king.

For example, passwords, from passwords to mobile phone verification codes, to fingerprints, and then to face payment, are all for the convenience of people before using them.

Sunset says, just think about all kinds of things around you. What things become more and more complicated before they are widely used?

Not at all. The whole human society is developing in the direction of simplicity and ease of use, and it is impossible for linux with higher learning cost to replace windows at the bottom.

This is a tortoise and rabbit race. In the past, Linux was like a tortoise and Windows was like a rabbit.

However, after the arrival of the wave of domestic systems in China, Linux will have more opportunities to surpass Windows.

1, the original intention of the system is different.

When Windows appeared, it took away the personal PC, so the UI always emphasized the experience.

Linux evolved from Unix and has always been unique among small servers, holding high the banner of open source. Without Linux, there would be no Android system.

2.Windows is the business behavior of giant enterprises, while Linux started as an open source community behavior.

3. The developer ecology has accumulated in different fields.

When Linux wants to compete with Windows in the direction of ordinary users, it must first be used by development engineers. Corresponding UI development tools are also provided.

After all, Microsoft has a large set of UI development tools such as VC and. Net, etc. Since Win32, it has been developing software iteratively for the convenience of developers.

4.Linux is not without opportunities. Windows has always wanted to change its life, but the burden is too heavy, and compatibility is a problem.

Android is actually the best extension of Linux in the direction of individual users.

From this point of view, it is very successful.

5. Linux is open source, and Windows has a bunch of backdoors, so developers definitely prefer Linux.

The most criticized part of Windows is that the code is closed and thousands of selective development interfaces are open to us. There are more and more interfaces and more patches. And a large number of undocumented interfaces have become a paradise for backdoors and hackers.

Linux has always been an open source attitude, so that all families can cross the ocean and show their magical powers.

Of course, this has advantages and disadvantages, but it is welcomed by developers.

Summary: LINUX has the opportunity to catch up with Windows in the future, and the experience is still the first for users. For engineers and developers, it prefers open source Linux. The above is the view on this issue.

Windows mainly focuses on the desktop operating system, while linux mainly focuses on the server operating system. The application fields of the two are different, so they can't be directly compared, and no one can replace anyone. Both of them play unparalleled advantages in their respective fields. They will all exist for a long time [yeah]

Users who use windows system may think that windows system and linux system are not two operating systems, and their functions should be similar. Then, Linux system can easily replace it. Is that so? I'm afraid it's not that simple.

expense

Support the voice of Linux: Linux is free, it has no license fee; The cost of supporting Linux is much lower than that of supporting Windows(NT4/2000). In addition, there are many free office automation solutions to choose from.

Pro-Windows voice: Linux needs on-site technical support to ensure system operation, and developers or contractors need to correct system errors and apply core patches on the spot, which cannot guarantee that all problems can be solved by internal personnel; VisualStudio is superior to other open source development environments. MSSQL is a cheap database platform; Linux does not provide enough commercial tools and software.

fame

Voice supporting Linux: Linux is the fastest growing operating system platform; Linux applications can work better; Linux desktop provides more choices; Linux applications and tools work well and have more choices.

Voice supporting Windows: Microsoft Windows is the most commonly used operating system platform; Each Linux system is released as an independent OS, which has poor backward compatibility; Compared with Linux applications, Windows applications allow users to concentrate more on tasks, and the application system can work without programming. Windows has a consistent interface window.

App application

Pro-Linux voice: Linux graphical interface is as easy to use as Windows; Linux uses standard compatible protocols and standard file formats; I have never encountered such a thing as installing a Microsoft patch: there are too many opportunities to choose from; Linux provides a powerful ability to work together.

Voice supporting Windows: There are very few applications on Linux; Incompatible with InternetExplorer6 standard; You can't buy a Linux email backup tool like the email backup function provided by Outlook. There is no management software like PCAnywhere on Linux; Linux printing function is not good, there is no media playback software.

safe

Voice supporting Linux: no Linux virus; Linux has no fuzzy protocol service that will lead to system deadlock; Linux is not vulnerable to worm attacks; There will be no IRC Trojan IIS worm in Linux.

Voice supporting Windows: Linux is unsafe, and no one is responsible for the integrity of Linux; There are many excellent third-party companies that produce all kinds of antivirus software; Microsoft has concentrated on solving security problems.

hardware support

Pro-Linux voice: Linux can support all hardware such as video controller, USB, modem, mouse and monitor; HP, Lexmark and Epson all provide many printing tools.

Pro-WINdows voice: Linux does not support GDI printers, Win modems, video cards and PCMCIA cards.

Software support

Voice supporting Linux: Help in the Linux community is fast and free; You can use VNC to remotely control Linux and Windows network clients at the same time; Linux software is easier to follow suit and deploy; Linux has a good remote management tool, which can easily map the hard disk to copy the system.

Voice supporting Windows: Many vendors don't support Linux, so they can't make money from Linux users; I can't buy Linux desktop support services. There is no unified Linux network management tool like Microsoft MMC. Windows has more mature rapid configuration tools.

reliability

Support the voice of Linux: Linux is open source, and open source is the driving force of the Internet. Open source means that there is no limit, and it will never be "locked" by anyone.

Voice supporting Windows: Linux desktop interface is chaotic (KDE, Gnome, etc.). ), adding a menu is inconvenient; Open source means: no road signs, no future, no money from sellers, no sellers.

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