What is the basic thinking mode of supply chain management?

What is the basic thinking mode of supply chain management?

Supply chain management means the coordination of planning and operation behavior of the whole chain, including suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. It means crossing the boundaries of various enterprises and applying the system concept in the whole chain, that is, emphasizing the integrated management of supply chain. The following is the basic idea of supply chain management that I share with you. Welcome to read and browse.

First, the basic concept of supply chain management

? Supply chain? (Supply chain) consists of a series of enterprises such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and transporters of raw materials and parts. Raw materials and parts pass through in turn? Chain? Every enterprise gradually becomes a product, and the product goes through a series of circulation and distribution links and is finally handed over to the end users. This series of activities constitutes all the activities of a complete supply chain.

In traditional enterprise management, a? Chain? Enterprises in the world only treat each other as each other? Business relationship? 、? Counterparty? They only pay attention to the internal operation and management of their own enterprises, and the purpose of supply chain management is to put the whole? Chain? As a comprehensive organization, through? Chain? Cooperation and division of labor among enterprises in all countries of the world, dedicated to the whole? Chain? Rationalization and optimization of logistics, information flow and capital flow, so as to improve the whole? Chain? The competitiveness of. This is a new idea of integrated management across enterprises.

In fact, whether the enterprise has it or not. Supply chain management? Consciously, the supply chain itself exists objectively, just before? Chain? No enterprise in the world has passed? Chain? Cooperation and overall improvement of global enterprises? Chain? The feeling of competitiveness, thus this article? Chain? In a way? Fracture? State, leading to high transaction costs between enterprises in the chain, what's more, it may also lead to the cancellation of the operating performance of the whole chain enterprises within the enterprise. Through the implementation of supply chain management, can this article break the problem? Chain? Organic connection, make? All enterprises in the chain benefit? .

Second, the background of supply chain management thought

In recent years, supply chain management has become a new focus of global enterprise management, mainly benefiting from the following aspects, from which we can also see the important significance of supply chain management to enterprises.

(1) Up to now, in order to reduce costs and improve competitiveness, enterprises have made great efforts in internal management and introduced various sustainable management methods such as TQC, MRPⅱII II, ERP and lean production. Therefore, for many large enterprises in developed countries with standardized internal management, the potential for further substantial cost reduction within enterprises seems to be small. At the two ends of the supply chain, that is, the supply management of parts and components and the circulation and distribution of finished products, there is still great potential for cost saving, which needs to be paid attention to and studied.

(2) Due to the increasingly fierce competition in today's market, shortening product development cycle, production cycle and listing cycle has become an important aspect to improve competitiveness, and shortening the whole production cycle and listing cycle depends on shortening the whole process from product development cycle, procurement and supply cycle, processing and manufacturing cycle to circulation and distribution cycle, which makes it necessary to pay attention to the rapid flow of logistics and information flow in the whole supply chain.

(3) In today's world, enterprises pay more and more attention to themselves? Core competitiveness? Enhance competitiveness by highlighting its unique core competitiveness and outsourcing non-core business to other enterprises, which means that the whole supply chain will become longer and more popular? Chain? All enterprises in the world have strengthened cooperation, which highlights the necessity of strengthening supply chain management.

(4) nowadays, many enterprises have felt that it is difficult to win in the increasingly fierce market competition with the efforts of one enterprise alone, so it is necessary to form multiple enterprises? Alliance? * * * Like everyone else? Alliance? Competition. And the alliance? Allies? , the first is the upstream and downstream enterprises (other members of the supply chain) related to the business content of this enterprise. Integrated supply chain is such an enterprise alliance.

It is for these reasons that enterprises begin to explore how to devote themselves to cross-enterprise supply chain management, thus making the theory and method of supply chain management develop rapidly.

Third, the essence of supply chain management-integrated management across enterprises

Supply chain management means the coordination of planning and operation behavior of the whole chain, including suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers. It means crossing the boundaries of various enterprises and applying the system concept in the whole chain, that is, emphasizing the integrated management of supply chain. Without integration, each organization in the chain will only manage its own inventory, in this way to prevent the uncertainty brought by the independent actions of other organizations in the chain.

For example, retailers need safety stock to prevent distributors from being out of stock, and distributors also need safety stock to prevent manufacturers from being short of supply. Because there are uncertain factors in each interface of a chain, there is no communication and cooperation between them, so it is necessary to make repeated inventory.

In the integrated management of supply chain, all inventory management in the chain can be coordinated through information communication, responsibility distribution and mutual cooperation among all members of the supply chain, thus reducing the uncertainty of each member in the chain and reducing the safety inventory of each member.

Under the coordination of integrated supply chain management, all members can provide better services to customers with less inventory. Less inventory will lead to the reduction of capital occupation and inventory management expenses, thus reducing costs.

In addition to reducing inventory, integrated supply chain management can also reduce the occurrence of overproduction and increase coordination in other fields, such as transportation, packaging, labeling and document processing. By investigating the information processing behavior and product processing behavior of each member in the supply chain, we can identify the redundant behavior and non-value-added behavior in the whole supply chain, thus improving the efficiency and competitiveness of each member in the whole supply chain.

Fourth, the main object of supply chain management-three? Flow?

There are three kinds in the supply chain? Flow? : logistics, information flow and capital flow. What is the main goal of supply chain management? Flow? .

（ 1）

There is no doubt that the material flow in the supply chain is the most important flow. Raw materials flow from the initial suppliers to different manufacturers and assemblers along the supply chain, completing the whole manufacturing process, then from manufacturers to wholesalers and retailers, reaching customers, and finally realizing their value. In supply chain management, the first concern is the material flow, how to make it flow to the necessary place when necessary, how to make this flow cost lower, how to make it flow to the necessary place when necessary, how to make this flow cost lower, how to make the possible deviation in the flow process smaller, and how to correct it as soon as possible once it appears.

② Information flow

It goes without saying that the control of logistics in supply chain must rely on timely and reliable relevant information. Therefore, logistics and information flow are interactive and inseparable. However, unlike the flow of raw materials from the initial suppliers to the final consumers, market information mainly flows in the opposite direction. In order to determine when to make what material flow to the next link, the driving information comes from the next link. In this sense, information can actually replace materials, because information containing real needs can avoid inventory, which is also the important significance of supply chain management, as an advertising language says: replace expensive inventory with information? .

For example, some multinational manufacturing companies now use computer information networks to establish production plans and production performance databases shared with parts companies. Suppliers can scan the information provided by the database at any time without waiting for the buyer's order notice, so as to judge when and which parts need to be delivered and ensure timely delivery. Because the buyer's future production plan can be known from the database, parts suppliers can make their own production plans on this basis. Enjoying this information enables the buyer's factories and parts suppliers to operate like companies, and their inventory costs and management costs are greatly reduced.

However, market information is only one kind of information. Generally speaking, it also needs other information, such as technology, business organization, inventory or personnel. In the process of logistics flowing from the upstream to the downstream of the supply chain, information such as user demand, product specifications, production capacity, performance, difficulties encountered and deviations of each link in the chain should be fed back to the upstream of the supply chain.

In addition, the two-way flow of information should also be considered. Every enterprise in the supply chain needs not only the demand of its downstream customers, but also the supply capacity of its upstream suppliers. Therefore, enterprises in the supply chain need to share relevant information. In some cases, information about organizational changes (such as new organizational structure, new personnel, new organizational functions, etc.). ) should also be fully exchanged, so as to keep the interconnection between all links in the chain efficient. In other cases, manufacturers need to share their technology and management methods with suppliers to improve production capacity, product quality and delivery reliability.

The typical method is very obvious in the automobile manufacturing industry, that is, both automobile manufacturers and suppliers must pass TS 16949 certification. Due to the adoption of the same management system, product quality, production capacity and delivery reliability have been greatly guaranteed.

(3) Capital flow

The significance of capital flow in the supply chain is not only the settlement of funds between enterprises in the chain, but also the problem of how to form a closer supply chain through the mutual infiltration of funds between enterprises in the supply chain. At first, typical western enterprises may be reluctant to inject capital and invest in their suppliers, but in Japan, this phenomenon of capital flow is very common, and even Japanese companies invest in their suppliers in the United States. In addition, many enterprises provide funds for suppliers in the form of raw materials, molds and testing equipment to form a more reliable supply chain.

;