Emperors of all previous dynasties advocated planting trees and stealing ten trees during Yongle period.

Introduction: In the first year of Liao Huitong (938), then Youzhou (now southwest of Beijing) was promoted to Youdu Mansion, became the capital of Liao, and was named Nanjing, also known as Yanjing. In the first month of the fifteenth year of Tonghe (997), Yelu Longxu, the Emperor of the Liao Dynasty, ordered the extensive planting of trees around the capital, especially on both sides of the road leading to Yanjing City, to "densely plant trees to benefit passers-by". In just a few years, Yanjing City was surrounded by green trees.

It was Arbor Day in China. In the spring of March, planting trees has become a common practice. As a famous historical and cultural city, Beijing has attached importance to planting trees and greening since ancient times. Today, there are more than 4, ancient and famous trees in Beijing, which are distributed in temples, gardens, streets and villages. As the capital of Liao, the roads in Yanjing City have been densely planted with trees to benefit passers-by. In the Yuan Dynasty, the system of planting trees by farming, mulberry and trees was issued, and the indiscriminate felling of trees was severely punished. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, ten trees were illegally felled, and in addition to the "forty courtiers", they were also fined. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty strongly advocated planting willows along the Yongding River to protect the embankment, and wrote a five-character poem about the experience of planting willows: "The willows should protect the embankment, so it is better to be inside than outside. In the interior, the roots are rooted, and the breakwater is defeated ... "

Emperors of all dynasties advocated planting trees

The ancestral temple of Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty planted cypress trees

Since the Liao Dynasty, Beijing has become the capital city, and successive dynasties have taken active measures to advocate tree planting and greening.

In the first year of Liao Huitong (938), Youzhou at that time (now southwest of Beijing) was promoted to Youdu Mansion, became the capital of Liao, and was named Nanjing, also known as Yanjing. In the first month of the fifteenth year of Tonghe (997), Yelu Longxu, the Emperor of the Liao Dynasty, ordered the extensive planting of trees around the capital, especially on both sides of the road leading to Yanjing City, to "densely plant trees to benefit passers-by". In just a few years, Yanjing City was surrounded by green trees.

In the first year of Jin Zhenyuan (1153), King Wan Yanliang of Jin Hailing moved the capital to Yanjing and renamed it Zhongdu. In October of the fourth year of Jin Dading (1164), Jin Shizong ordered the streets outside the capital to plant willows for hundreds of miles, and advised the villagers to plant mulberry and take care of it. According to the legend, Fengyimen also made a 1-mile tour south along the avenue to see the growth of trees and asked farmers to replant trees.

In the 9th year of Yuan Dynasty (1272), the Mongols changed the capital into a metropolis and rebuilt it. Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu advocated planting trees widely, especially planting roadside trees on both sides of roads, and the interval between each tree should not exceed two steps. In addition to forming shade for passers-by in summer, it can also serve as a road sign when roads are closed in winter due to heavy snow, and senior officials are appointed to patrol around to see the planting situation of trees, especially whether the trees on each road are properly maintained. In addition, a large company was set up to manage agriculture and mulberry, and the system of planting trees by agriculture and mulberry was promulgated.

In the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (142), Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, and then proposed to plant trees in temples, roads and the Great Wall. He also went to the ancestral temple to plant the first cypress tree with his own hands, which made people "think about protecting it every week, and irrigate it when it is time." Due to careful care, the branch is luxuriant in leaves, leading the first of the cypresses in the ancestral temple group, and is honored as the "sacred tree". In the late Ming Dynasty, street trees were widely planted in the capital, and the roads around the Forbidden City were all locust trees, one at a time. From Donghuamen to Jingshan, there are also Sophora japonica trees planted in the passageway. Today, there are still several ancient Sophora japonica trees planted at that time in Jingshan West Street, which has been more than 3 years.

Ming Chengzu in the ancestral temple planted cypress with his hands, which has been over 6 years old.

After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, he also advocated planting trees. Emperor Kangxi paid special attention to the planting of trees on the riverbank, because trees can protect the embankment. In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi (1698), when Emperor Kangxi visited Yongding River, he ordered Yu Chenglong, the governor of Zhili, to build a new dike to cure the flood of Yongding River, plant trees on the dike to prevent the dike from collapsing, and suggested planting more willows. In February, the second year of Yongzheng (1724), yongzheng emperor issued an imperial edict on planting trees: "The fields beside the house and the barren hills are uncultivated. Measure soil suitability and plant trees. Mulberry zhe can feed silkworms, jujube chestnut can be used as food, and paulownia can be used as capital. That is, hazelnut miscellaneous wood can also provide cooking. " In the imperial edict, local officials were warned that "the intention of all bodies to unite their fists and care for the people will be carried out." He also demanded that the planted trees should be protected. "It's strictly forbidden to trample on cattle and sheep and steal from traitors for the benefit of the people." During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he inspected the planting of trees in Beijing many times, and advocated planting more willows and locust trees according to the climate and soil characteristics in Beijing.

In the past dynasties, while vigorously promoting tree planting, there were also clear regulations on tree planting and the ways and methods of planting.

It was stipulated in the Yuan Dynasty: "If the soil is not suitable, we should plant elm willow, etc., and the number is like that of hybrid fruit, with 1 trees per ding, all of which are generated. I hope that many people will listen to it ... and still make all societies plant alfalfa in case of famine." At the same time, it is required to plant trees widely along both sides of the avenue, and to choose varieties for planting trees, which should be limited to "those with tall trees in the future". The spacing of planting trees is "two or three steps apart", which requires "everything is near, depending on the land, so plant trees for this purpose." "And appoint officials to keep the road from being damaged."

it was proposed in the Ming dynasty that trees can be planted in all open areas along the river, on both sides of roads and in open areas, except for trees planted in the Imperial Garden in the Great Inner Mongolia. "Choose tree species according to the soil (quality), whether it is sparse or dense, if it is sparse, it will be planted in three or five steps, and if it is dense, the tree species can be mixed, suitable for different places, not uniform, and it is appropriate to form a forest."

The Annals of Yongding River compiled in the Qing Dynasty recorded that during the Qianlong period, it was stipulated that each river soldier should plant 1 willows every year, and the specifications of the saplings were "eight feet long and three inches in diameter", and the required planting standard was "after being shocked, the ground and the air were ventilated, and the willows were planted in the gap of ten feet inside and outside the attached embankment, and the pit was dug three feet deep." After planting, it is necessary to protect the water and keep alive. "Irrigation from time to time, until the turn of summer and autumn, the survival rate of trees will be 7%, and it will be reported to the Ministry at the end of the year." Emperor Qianlong also summed up the experience of planting willows and wrote a five-character poem: "The willows should be protected from the outside. Inside, the roots are knotted, and the breakwater is defeated. Outside, it is only a decoration, and the water is still bad. This principle is easy to understand, and the inversion still exists. However, it is subtle, and it is also ridiculous. After replanting, it is urgent or not. It is a small help to cure the symptoms, and it is impossible to catch the source. " The inscription is still standing on the east side of Golden Gates of Yongding River, which inspires future generations to plant trees. In order to mobilize people in villages along the Yongding River to plant trees extensively, the Qing Dynasty also formulated a number of reward methods, including "planting trees by households, where more than 5 trees are awarded, 1 trees are awarded, and 1, trees are rewarded."

In order to improve the survival rate of trees, the planting time of pine and cypress was changed from spring to winter during the dry period, and after it snowed, the roots were cultivated with snow. In addition, officials are encouraged to plant trees widely, and a reward system of "establishing the law of donation and planting" has been formulated.

In the tenth year of Xianfeng (186), the trees along the long river were burned by the "British-French Allied Forces". In the twelfth year of Guangxu (1886), Cixi saw a dilapidated scene when passing through the long river in a dragon boat, that is, she ordered Prince Chun to govern the banks of the long river, and asked to plant two poplars every two feet (about 6.6 meters) from the outside of Xizhimen to the south of Xiuyi Bridge in the Summer Palace. From the south section of the west dike of Kunming Lake to the east gate of Jingming Garden in Yuquan Mountain, two weeping willows are planted every two feet, and a peach is planted between them.

all previous dynasties have taken measures to severely punish the theft of trees

Ten trees were stolen in Yongle period.

There was a wide moat outside the metropolis in Yuan Dynasty, and a large number of trees were planted along the river. During Dade's years, more than ten trees were cut down because of poor care. "When Chengzong heard about it, he felt unhappy and made a quick investigation." "In a few days, the Ministry of Punishment will bring the wood thief to justice."

in the Ming dynasty, in order to prevent the Mongolian remnants from invading the south, trees were widely planted inside and outside the Great Wall, supplemented by defense, but some people cut down trees privately for firewood. During the Yongle period, villagers near Juyongguan illegally cut down more than ten trees. After being investigated, they were sentenced to "4 courtyards and fined". During the Jiajing period, officials of the Ministry of Industry falsely reported the number of trees planted and defrauded the money for planting trees. Emperor Jiajing "flew into a rage, denounced him for his boldness, changed his official position, never appointed him, and imposed a fine." In the spring of the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), the Imperial Tomb (Ming Tombs) planted more than a thousand trees, but a month later, many trees died, and Emperor Chongzhen ordered a thorough investigation. It turned out that the officials of the Forest Balance Department of Shanglinyuan (responsible for the royal fruit tree and flower planting organization) bought inferior saplings when purchasing saplings. The responsible official was dismissed and investigated.

There are strict regulations on the protection of trees in gardens and tombs in the forestry law of Qing Dynasty: "Anyone who steals trees in gardens and tombs will be beaten with a cane (with a whip or bamboo board) for 1 years. If you steal trees from other people's graves, you will get eighty sticks. If the amount of stolen goods is heavier than this crime, each person will be guilty of theft. " When Yongzheng ascended the throne, he demanded strict protection of the mountain forest: "It is strictly forbidden to trample on cattle and sheep and steal from gangsters." "Offenders will be dealt with, regardless of the government and the people."

The survival rate and maintenance management of tree planting were also clearly stipulated in the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi once stipulated that planting instrument trees (trees in the cemetery) was originally scheduled to be supervised by officials for three years. Those who are dry within the limit will be supplemented by the seed supervisor himself, and those who are outside the limit will be given money and food to replant. During the Qianlong and Jiaqing years, it was further revised and changed to "instrument and walking trees (road trees). After three years, if the number of instrument trees per thousand trees is less than ten, it will be exempted, and more than ten trees will be reduced to one level; If the number of trees per thousand trees is less than five, it is not allowed to discuss, and the number of trees is more than five. The relevant officials will be fined for June, more than 2 trees, and the salary will be fined for one year. If the number of trees is more than 3, they will be reduced to one level and retained. Its instrument trees are dried up to more than 1 per thousand trees, and the trees are dried up to more than 5 per thousand trees. The competent officials will be demoted and the competent ministers will be fined for one year. "

During the Daoguang period, some villagers from Xiangshan went to the wall of the Imperial Garden (Jingyi Garden) to cut down more than ten trees at night, and wanted to build a house. They were arrested by the Eight Banners guards who patrolled at night and immediately sent to the prison to ask for guilt.

During the Republic of China, Tomb-Sweeping Day was designated as Arbor Day

The police were responsible for planting trees and caring for trees in Beijing

In July of the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915), at the initiative of Sun Yat-sen, then Beiyang * * * designated Tomb-Sweeping Day as Arbor Day every year. From this, the capital has increased tree planting and management. Previously (in the late Qing Dynasty), the patrol was responsible for planting street trees in Beijing. Since then, it has been further clarified that tree planting and forest care are one of the duties of the police department. Every spring, the patrolmen in each urban area plant street trees on both sides of the roads in their jurisdiction, and at the same time, "patrol along the street to maintain the trees. Those who are injured will be disciplined lightly and punished severely."

In the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), in May, Liu Menggeng (word Bingqiu, Hubei) was appointed as Jing Zhaoyin (equivalent to the mayor). In response to the call of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and General Feng Yuxiang to "plant trees for the country and benefit future generations", he led his people to plant trees on a large area in Panlong Mountain near Shijingshan in the west of Beijing on the occasion of Arbor Day (Tomb-Sweeping Day). To commemorate this tree planting activity, he also personally set up a tree planting monument. On the front, there are 12 characters engraved "planted by Jing Zhaoyin and Liu Menggeng, the general of Ji Wei", and on the back, there is the inscription "Arbor Day in the 13th year of the Republic of China". This is the earliest monument in Beijing for Arbor Day.

in January, 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), Beiping * * mentioned in the investigation report of street trees in the whole city that "all street trees in the whole city belong to Sophora japonica (Sophora japonica, Robinia pseudoacacia) except catalpa and Catalpa bungeana in front of Jingshan Street, velvet tree (Albizia Albizia) in front of Tiananmen Square, and willow at the root of Xihuangcheng". In the seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928), the street trees were managed by Beiping Municipal Works Bureau. In the twenty-third year of the Republic of China (1934), the Forestry Department of Beiping Agricultural Experimental Field was in charge of street trees, and in the twenty-second year of the Republic of China (1933), the street tree plan of Beiping City was formulated, which promoted the greening of urban roads in Beijing.