What are the effective measures to prevent traffic accidents and reduce or eliminate traffic violations?

Preventing and reducing serious road traffic accidents cannot be completed overnight. We should always persevere, identify the key points and take effective countermeasures. Extraordinary road traffic accidents have many casualties, heavy property losses and extensive hazards, which have caused mental pain to the families of victims and incalculable negative impact on society, and have attracted great attention from the party, the government and the broad masses of the people. Improving the ability to prevent and put an end to serious road traffic accidents has always been the top priority and task of China's public security traffic control departments. The author believes that after in-depth investigation and study of the causes and occurrence laws of serious road traffic accidents, "five key points" should be identified, "four countermeasures should be taken, and the work should be intensified to achieve satisfactory results".

First, five key points should be determined to prevent serious traffic accidents.

(1) Key vehicles to be identified. Passenger cars, school buses, large trucks, hazardous chemicals transport vehicles and agricultural vehicles are not transferred from key vehicles that are likely to cause serious road traffic accidents. Reasons and basis for defining the above-mentioned vehicles as key vehicles that are easy to cause serious road traffic accidents: there are many people hauling passengers illegally in buses, school buses and agricultural vehicles, and once an accident occurs, the probability of causing serious traffic accidents is very high. According to the statistics of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, more than 90% of the major accidents that cause 10 deaths every year occur in buses, school buses and other vehicles with more people. Once an accident happens to a dangerous chemical transport vehicle, which causes the leakage and explosion of toxic and harmful substances, the harm to its life and property safety may go beyond the vehicle itself and spread to other vehicles. Agricultural vehicles are limited by safety performance and technical conditions. Once the driver is obsessed with money and illegally carries passengers and pulls people, it is easy to cause mass deaths and injuries.

(2) Key parts to be determined. Road sections prone to serious traffic accidents should be intersections, bridges, continuous long downhill, sharp turns with blind spots, rainy and muddy roads, and roads with spacious roads and good visibility. The reason and basis for defining the above-mentioned road section as a road section prone to serious traffic accidents should be: when vehicles are driving on steep slopes, rainy days, wet roads and bridges, once drivers do not handle them properly in the process of emergency avoidance, it is easy to cause serious road traffic accidents such as rear-end collision and death. When the vehicle passes through an unattended intersection and makes a sharp turn in the dead corner of the line of sight, once the driver's speed is too fast, he can't clearly observe the road conditions, and it is easy to have a head-on collision and a side collision with the opposite vehicle. Drivers who drive on roads with spacious roads and good sight will be paralyzed by good road conditions and drive fast. Once a danger occurs, it will cause a big traffic accident if it is not handled in time.

(3) The key time period to be determined. Rain and snow freezing weather, foggy weather, before dawn, after lunch and dinner, etc. , the most prone to serious road traffic accidents, will lead to poor vision, tire slip, brake failure and direction deviation, which will lead to rear-end collision and side collision, leading to serious traffic accidents. Drinking at lunch and dinner is more common, and many drivers have a hobby of drinking. Driving a motor vehicle on the road after drinking alcohol will cause accidents because alcohol stimulates the brain to be highly excited and unconscious. Every morning and evening is the most tired and sleepy time for night shift workers. When the driver is most tired and sleepy, once he dozes off, he will be unconscious and unable to control the vehicle effectively. Once the vehicle gets out of control, a big accident will happen.

(four) the key traffic violations that should be identified. The occurrence of serious road traffic accidents is caused by key traffic violations, and the key traffic violations that are easy to cause serious road traffic accidents should mainly be: vehicles driving with diseases, drivers driving after drinking, fatigue driving, speeding, agricultural vehicles pulling people to carry passengers, and drivers driving distracted. When a motor vehicle is driving with a "disease", the driver driving under the influence of alcohol and fatigue will cause braking, direction failure, dim lighting, tire puncture and vehicle out of control, thus leading to one or more serious traffic accidents; When the vehicle is overloaded and speeding, it will be difficult to control the vehicle or cause a puncture because it exceeds the safe load of the vehicle, thus causing an accident. If the vehicle is speeding, there will be an accident because it is too late to deal with the danger. Agricultural vehicles illegally carrying passengers will cause accidents because they do not have the corresponding safety technical conditions and performance. Drivers will be distracted by joking, talking on the phone and watching the scenery while driving, which leads to the inability to observe the changes of road conditions and accidents.

(5) Key groups to be identified. Passenger cars, school buses, hazardous chemicals transport vehicles, drivers of agricultural vehicles, private car owners, leaders of road transport enterprises, public security traffic patrol officers, etc. It can be said that it is a key group directly related to the incidence of serious road traffic accidents. The driver drives the vehicle directly, and he knows best whether the vehicle is faulty. The driver has absolute control over the speed of the vehicle, and it is up to the driver to properly handle the danger when the vehicle is driving. The driver is the master of safe driving of the vehicle. Private car owners or transportation enterprise leaders have the right to control drivers, and they have the right to decide whether to repair the faulty vehicle, to what extent and how to operate the vehicle. Public security traffic patrol is the manager of road traffic safety. Its good management, inadequate management and unscientific methods directly affect the incidence of serious road traffic accidents.

Two, to prevent serious road traffic accidents should take four countermeasures.

On the basis of fully understanding the harmfulness of serious road traffic accidents, the author thinks that the following corresponding countermeasures should be taken to effectively improve the ability to prevent serious road traffic accidents.

(1) Pay close attention to the fundamentals and carry out in-depth traffic safety publicity and education activities. The publicity and education of road traffic safety is the fundamental policy to prevent road traffic accidents, and it is also an effective way to improve the traffic safety awareness of the general public. Cars are driven by people, and roads are taken by people. Therefore, it is fundamental to improve the ability to prevent road traffic accidents and put an end to serious traffic accidents by deepening the popularization of road traffic safety legal knowledge and publicity and education on traffic safety and raising people's awareness of civilized travel, walking according to law and staying away from traffic accidents. In-depth popularization of law education and traffic safety publicity have achieved results. To achieve good results, we must grasp the key points of social interaction and participation, open up propaganda positions to form a network, and have diversity and love.

First, social interactive participation aims to effectively solve the problem that the "one-man show" of the public security traffic control family is weak, and it is difficult to form a big momentum and achieve good results. Party committees and governments at all levels should attach great importance to social interaction in traffic safety publicity and achieve good results, and put it on the agenda to make arrangements and coordination. At the same time, it is necessary to give full play to the role of joint meetings on road traffic safety at all levels and promote the coordination and linkage of relevant departments.

The second is to open up propaganda positions and form a propaganda network. To do a good job in road traffic safety publicity and make traffic safety knowledge a household name, it is necessary to expand publicity coverage, open up positions in rural areas, communities, schools, enterprises and social groups, and strive to form a full-coverage publicity network with the participation of all sectors of society, so as to reach the level of leaving no dead ends. Various forms, love to see and hear, entertaining and entertaining. It means setting up column boards together, using radio, television and the Internet together, and moving folk art, movies, material distribution, banners, slogans, safety classes and publicity CDs together. Through the diversification of forms, it can adapt to the tastes of audiences of different classes and educational levels, and improve the coverage of law popularization and traffic safety publicity.

(2) Grasp the key points and strengthen road traffic management. Grasping the key to strengthen road traffic management is the key to improve the level of road traffic management, standardize road traffic behavior and improve the ability to prevent serious road traffic accidents. The specific contents are: source safety management, accident hidden danger investigation management and pavement safety management.

The first is vehicle safety management and driver qualification management. For the safety management of vehicles, it is necessary to establish files one by one, fully grasp the purchase date, old and new degree, vehicle number, engine drive number, number of passengers, safety performance status, operation route and time period of vehicles, and regularly enter the enterprise for safety performance inspection. It is convenient to find problems in time, handle them properly in time, and strictly close the sick car. Driver qualification management, including the time of issuing driver's license examination, records of quasi-driving type, records of serious traffic violations, records of traffic accidents, and the time of renewing driver's license. It is necessary to establish accounts one by one, thus creating conditions for strictly matching driving qualifications and driving types. At the same time, we should also carry out targeted safety education and do a good job of on-site inspection of vehicle safety performance during Spring Festival travel rush peak hours and other periods with large annual traffic flow, and sign safety responsibility letters with private car owners, road transport enterprise leaders and drivers and passengers.

Second, the investigation and management of hidden dangers of accidents should be normalized. The hidden dangers of accidents will constantly change with the changes of seasons, road network reconstruction and traffic flow. Therefore, the investigation of hidden dangers of road traffic accidents cannot be done once and for all. Instead, it will be included in the scope of normal management, and regular inspections will be conducted monthly or quarterly to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of hidden dangers investigation and the pertinence of preventing serious road traffic accidents.

Third, the management of road traffic order should be strict. People walk on the road, cars walk on the road, traffic accidents are people's own bad traffic violations, and they are directing a series of tragedies that happen on the road. In order to prevent the occurrence of serious road traffic accidents, it is necessary to strengthen the popularization education of road traffic safety knowledge, raise people's awareness of walking according to law, traveling in a civilized way and staying away from accidents, and at the same time promote the standardization of people's road traffic behavior with strict road traffic safety management, so as to realize the orderly progress of road traffic and achieve the purpose of avoiding traffic accidents. First of all, scientific control should be implemented according to the road traffic flow, the distribution of accident hidden danger sections and their changes, so as to keep the traffic peak and hidden danger sections safe and smooth. It is also necessary to use the police reasonably. In view of the actual situation of traffic vehicles in China and provinces, it is necessary to use the police day and night. In line with the principle of maintaining peak hours during the day and reusing police at night, we will vigorously reduce the time when there is no police on the road, plug the loopholes in road safety monitoring, and ensure the safe and smooth road around the clock. Especially after lunch and dinner every day, when drunk driving is frequent, and when fatigue driving is frequent from 2 am to 5 am, it is necessary to strengthen road monitoring to prevent the occurrence of serious road traffic accidents. Secondly, with the continuous development of social economy and the continuous enhancement of economic strength, it is necessary to continuously increase investment in road construction, continuously transform road network layout, upgrade highway grades, and continuously improve traffic facilities, so as to achieve complete signs and protective facilities. On the basis of constantly meeting the objective conditions of safety and smoothness, strengthen supervision according to law, seriously investigate and deal with all kinds of traffic violations, especially the key traffic violations that are easy to cause serious traffic accidents, and use the power of the rule of law to reduce traffic violations and prevent serious traffic accidents.

(3) Pay close attention to safety and strictly implement the responsibility system. There is pressure when there is responsibility, and there is motivation when there is pressure. Therefore, we must strictly implement the responsibility system in the prevention of serious road traffic accidents.

First, it is necessary to implement the road traffic safety management responsibility system of local governments at all levels. Since people's governments at all levels hold all kinds of public resources in their territories, strictly implementing the responsibility system for road traffic safety of people's governments at all levels is conducive to the formation of a road traffic safety management pattern in which all sectors of society participate and work together to enhance management stamina.

The second is to implement the road traffic safety management responsibility system for private car owners and road transport enterprises. Private car owners and road transport enterprise leaders have absolute control over the use of vehicles and drivers, and have the right to decide their operation. Strict implementation of the road traffic safety responsibility system of private car owners and road transport enterprises will help them straighten out the relationship between benefit and safety, firmly establish the business philosophy of "safety first, life first", prevent vehicles from driving "sick" and forcing Dora to run quickly, laying a safety hazard for simply pursuing economic benefits and ignoring traffic safety.

Third, it is necessary to implement a hierarchical subcontracting responsibility system within the public security traffic patrol, and form a guarantee mechanism with the main contents of ensuring traffic violations, preventing traffic accidents and promoting smooth roads, with the top leaders of the brigade taking overall responsibility, each deputy of the brigade taking one piece, each leader of the squadron in charge of the front line and the police subcontracting points.

The fourth is to strictly implement the accountability system. The formation of traffic safety management and local government rewards and punishments, public security traffic patrol hats and stools linked. In the event of a serious road traffic accident, in addition to the legal responsibility of the driver, it is also necessary to investigate the legal responsibility of the private car owner and the leader of the road transport enterprise for dereliction of duty, and whether there are situations such as commanding and forcing the driver to drive a "sick" vehicle, overcrowding, fatigue driving, etc., and to investigate the management responsibility of the relevant responsible person of the public security traffic control department where the accident occurred.

(4) Take the road of strengthening the police through science and technology, and cooperate with multiple police types to alleviate the shortage of traffic patrol forces.

Modern road traffic management requires higher and higher management science and technology, and the content of science and technology is also getting higher and higher. For example, evidence is needed to investigate and correct illegal acts such as speeding, overtaking by force, not parking on the expressway at night and drunk driving. To this end, it is necessary to increase the investment in scientific and technological equipment of rural grass-roots traffic patrol brigade, equipped with fixed electronic police, vehicle-mounted mobile "witness" radar speedometer, alcohol tester, digital camera, video camera and other advanced scientific and technological equipment. At the same time, some county and township road management departments in remote areas can coordinate the interactive joint services of local police stations, coordinate their participation in road traffic management when rectifying traffic order and investigating traffic violations, and give police stations certain powers to investigate and correct traffic violations in advance and deal with some minor traffic accidents in an effort to eliminate the phenomenon that traffic management is not in place due to insufficient traffic patrol police force.