What is advanced ceramics?

Different from traditional ceramics in raw materials and technology, high-purity and ultra-fine raw materials are usually used to make ceramic materials with excellent performance through composition and structure design, accurate stoichiometric ratio and new preparation technology.

Ceramics can be divided into four categories: materials science and technology (first-class discipline), inorganic nonmetallic materials (two disciplines), ceramics (third-class discipline) and advanced ceramics (fourth-class discipline).

The development of emerging industries puts forward higher requirements for materials. As an important part of new materials, advanced ceramics are playing an increasingly important role in the national economy.

I. Introduction of Advanced Ceramics

Ceramics are indispensable materials in human life and social construction. It ranks as "three solid materials" with metal materials and polymer materials. Ceramics are divided into traditional ceramics and advanced ceramics according to raw materials.

1, traditional ceramics take natural minerals as raw materials, mainly natural silicate minerals.

2. Advanced ceramics refer to ceramics with high purity, superfine synthesis or selected inorganic compounds as raw materials, precise chemical composition, precise manufacturing technology and structural design, and excellent characteristics.

The production of advanced ceramics is mainly divided into powder preparation, green body forming, green body sintering and finishing.

Preparation technology of ceramic powder: solid phase reaction, liquid phase reaction and gas phase reaction.

The molding technology of advanced ceramics: dry pressing molding, plastic molding, slurry molding and solid dieless molding.

Sintering technology of advanced ceramics: normal pressure sintering, pressureless sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, atmosphere sintering, vacuum sintering and hot pressing sintering.

Two. Classification of advanced ceramics

1, divided into oxide ceramics, nitride ceramics, carbide ceramics, boride ceramics, silicide ceramics, fluoride ceramics and sulfide ceramics according to chemical composition.

2. According to their properties and uses, they can be divided into functional ceramics and functional ceramics.

architectural pottery

Definition of structural ceramics: materials characterized by mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, toughness, wear resistance, hardness and fatigue strength.

Types of structural ceramics: high-temperature and high-strength ceramics, mold ceramics, wear-resistant ceramics, special refractory ceramics, etc.

Applications of structural ceramics: engines, heat exchangers, seals, cutting tools, bulletproof armor, etc.

Characteristics of structural ceramics: excellent mechanical properties, thermal properties and chemical energy.

B functional ceramics

Definition of functional ceramics: It is characterized by physical properties such as sound, light, electricity, magnetism and heat.

Types of functional ceramics: electronic ceramics, sensitive ceramics, bioceramics, superconducting ceramics, etc.

Uses of functional ceramics: microelectronics, information, automatic control and intelligent machinery, biological functions.

Features of functional ceramics: They have special properties and perform special functions.

Third, the development of foreign advanced ceramics

In view of the special position of advanced ceramics in industrial development, developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan have invested heavily in making research plans to promote their development. At present, the United States, Japan, the European Union and Russia are in a leading position in the development of advanced ceramics in the world.

United States of America

Development focus: high temperature structural ceramics

(1) Funding the research and industrialization of nano-ceramic coatings, biomedical ceramics and photoelectric ceramics.

(2) Its application in aerospace, nuclear energy and other fields is in a leading position.

(3) In 2000, the American Advanced Ceramics Development Plan will be implemented for 20 years. In 2020, advanced ceramics will become the first choice for economic application, and will be applied to strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation and environmental protection, new generation information technology, biomedicine, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy and new energy vehicles.

Japan

Development focus: functional ceramics

(1) is in a leading position in the research and development fields of foam ceramics, superplastic ceramics, ceramic parts, high-performance ceramic batteries and ceramic engines.

(2) It accounts for about half of the market share of advanced ceramics in the world.

(3) It is in a leading position in the fields of preparation, industrialization and civil use of advanced ceramic materials.

(4) In recent years, Japan regards advanced ceramics as a strategic industry and a high-tech industry that determines its future international competitiveness, and has continuously increased its investment.

EU

Development focus: functional ceramics and high-temperature structural ceramics.

(1) is in a leading position in some subdivided application fields and mechanical equipment fields.

(2) At present, the research focuses on new material technologies applied to power generation equipment, such as ceramic piston cover, exhaust pipe lining, turbo-charged rotor and gas rotor.

Russia, Ukraine

(1) Russia and Ukraine are strong in structural ceramics and ceramic matrix composites.

(2) In terms of structural ceramics and ceramic matrix composites, they have not only been successfully developed in the laboratory, but also developed into products with clear application purposes, and a considerable part of them have been put into commercial production.

Fourth, develop domestic advanced ceramics.

The research of advanced ceramics began in 1950s.

After 1970s, we paid attention to the research of advanced ceramic materials and achieved a series of creative achievements: fiber reinforced multiphase ceramics were developed.

There are world-class innovations in the preparation and agglomeration of nano-ceramic powder and the theory of solid-state sintering of nano-ceramics.

After 1995, it entered a period of rapid development. The annual output value of 20 15 exceeds 45 billion yuan, of which 70% comes from functional ceramics.

Dingding Ceramics and other enterprises occupy the mainstream position in the advanced ceramic industry, and their business covers ceramic cutting knives, 5G dielectric filters, ceramic nozzles, zirconia, alumina, tungsten alloys and other material systems, which are suitable for 5G base stations, industrial spare parts, core fittings, precision structural parts, bezel, ornaments, atomizing cores, rotating shafts, ceramic parts, sleeves, needle gauges, textile industrial structural parts and many other fields. Large enterprises such as Microsoft, Huawei, Apple, China Mobile, etc. All of them have become the partners of Dingding Ceramics, which can be described as a wide range of uses. Ceramic has become an important choice for industrial precision structural parts because of its warm and smooth texture, high hardness, strong plasticity, insulation and magnetism.

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In recent years, China has continuously invested financial and material resources in the research of advanced ceramics, but its overall level still lags behind that of developed countries, especially the United States, Japan and Europe. Mainly manifested in: the engineering transformation of technology and new products is extremely scarce; The preparation and dispersion technology of high-end powder is far behind; Manufacturing equipment and processing technology are backward.

According to the development trend and application fields of advanced ceramics in the world, it is predicted that the development of high-end ceramic powders, electronic ceramics, bioceramics, energy-saving and environmental-friendly ceramics, new energy ceramics and aerospace ceramics will grow rapidly in the next few years.

Few domestic enterprises have reached a certain level in R&D production capacity and output. The extremely high industry threshold and technological pursuit ensure the absolute advantage of elite enterprises in this industry. With the maturity of technology and technology, the purchase orders of most large domestic enterprises tend to be localized, which further stimulates the domestic market economy, helps domestic ceramic enterprises to catch up with or even surpass the level of foreign advanced ceramic enterprises, and provides great impetus for national rejuvenation and economic development.

Domestic advanced ceramic manufacturers, led by Dingding Ceramics, as industrial filter manufacturers for the construction of 5G base stations and production and research institutions for advanced ceramics in the industry, are not only social production builders, but also the first batch of important industrial responsibilities for revitalizing China.