? Feng Zikai's representative comics?

on November 9, 1898, Feng Zikai was born in Shimen Bay, Chongde County, Zhejiang Province (now Shimen Town, Tongxiang County).

When Feng Zikai was born, his mother had given birth to six daughters, and he was the first son in the family. Because my father has only one sister, he is the hope of the Fengjia fireworks and is cherished. His father named him "Ciyu". He is really a treasure in the eyes of his family. His grandmother dotes on him, his parents and aunts love him, his sisters love him, and even the guys in the dyehouse at home like him. Feng Zikai was surrounded by tender feelings since he was a child, which later followed him all his life and soaked in his character, making him always look at things with a gentle and compassionate heart; Divergent in his pen, it becomes plain writing and pure benevolence painting style.

six years old, studying in my father's private school, with a rich scientific name.

Feng Huang, his father, was a juror in the late Qing Dynasty. After abolishing the imperial examination and taking official positions, he set up a private school at home to teach children to read. Feng Zikai studied the Classic of Three Characters and Poems of a Thousand Families from his father, and also learned from his father's manners of drinking, eating crabs and enjoying the moon on Mid-Autumn Festival night ... At the age of 9, his father died, and his mother sent him to another private school to continue his studies. Until he was 12 years old, Feng Zikai received traditional education. The six years of edification left him with the unique gentle, sensitive, calm and kind temperament of China traditional literati. Perhaps because of the family's dyeing house, Feng Zikai was sensitive to lines and colors since he was a child. The black and white characters in Poems of a Thousand Families, which was enlightened for him, were painted in color by him. He described the characters' scores, painted them for his classmates and villagers, and even painted Confucius statues for the school at the order of Mr. Xue, and was called a "little painter". The charm of lines and colors was discovered by him and attracted him all his life.

in p>191, he studied in the county third higher primary school and changed his name to Fengren.

The third county higher primary school is a new school established in response to the revolutionary trend. Here, Feng Zikai cut off his pigtails, and in order to meet the needs of democratic elections, Mr. Wang changed the word "run" in his name into the word "benevolence" which is easy to write and recognize. The new school offered music classes, and the students sang Li Shutong's Songs of the Motherland and Encouraging Learning. The shocking power of the notes greatly infected Feng Zikai, which became the beginning of his later study of music. In the spring of 1914, Feng Zikai graduated from the county third higher primary school with the first place.

In p>1914, he was admitted to Zhejiang Provincial No.1 Normal School and changed his name to Zikai.

From the second grade, I studied painting and music in Li Shutong and Chinese in Xia Mianzun. In 1914, Feng Zikai lived up to the cakes and zongzi (meaning high school) prepared by his mother before he left, and was admitted to Zhejiang First Normal School in Hangzhou. In this famous normal school, the center of Jiangnan New Culture Movement at that time, Feng Zikai met two teachers-Li Shutong and Xia Mianzun, who had a great influence on his life. The former not only enlightened him in music and art, but also set an example for him in life. The latter advocated the use of lively vernacular Chinese and truthfully expressed his true feelings, which was always regarded as GUI Gao by him and became the most amiable and lovely feature in his later prose creation. In these two teachers who have deep friendship with him, Feng Zikai found three things that accompanied him all his life-literature, painting and music.

In p>1918, Li Shutong became a monk, and Feng Zikai became attached to Buddhism.

Li Shutong is Feng Zikai's first real mentor. He not only teaches music and painting, but also teaches life. In Li Shutong's place, Feng Zikai learned the method of sketching and was fascinated by it, so he "made up his mind, devoted himself to painting, devoted his life to art and never changed his mind"; More importantly, he learned a lot of valuable spirits from Li Shutong: Li Shutong is a serious person, and Feng Zikai is meticulous in everything; Li Shutong pays attention to personality cultivation, and thinks that to be a good artist, one must be a good man first. Feng Zikai has been a gentle gentleman all his life, and he thinks that "a great artist must be a great personality". Li Shutong converted to Buddhism with compassion, and Feng Zikai also felt compassion for others. His paintings are full of tenderness not only for people, but also for kittens and birds and willow branches and plum blossoms. After middle age, Feng Zikai also converted to Buddhism, and did not formally become a monk, but took a dharma name as a baby, and since then he has been a vegetarian. Although Feng Zikai said after he became famous that he would not have taken the road of painting if he had not met Li Shutong, Li's influence on him was not passive, and it had a great relationship with Feng Zikai's temperament and endowment.

After graduating from school in p>1919, he organized and launched the "Chinese Aesthetic Education Association". Organizing Shanghai Teachers College, serving as academic director and western painting teacher.

After graduating from normal school, Feng Zikai and his classmates Liu Zhiping and Wu Mengfei founded the first art normal school in the history of education in China-Shanghai College Normal School, which included painting, music and handicrafts, in an old house on Huangjiafa Road in Xiaoximen, Shanghai. Before the school was listed, Feng Zikai, Wu Mengfei, Liu Zhiping, Liu Haisu, Jiang Danshu, etc. organized one of the most influential art education societies during the May 4th Movement, the China Aesthetic Education Association, and created Aesthetic Education magazine. Most of the members are music and art teachers in primary and secondary schools all over the country. They popularize the knowledge of pictures and music and train them. While devoting himself to art education, Feng Zikai consciously explored the theoretical research of art education. In the preparatory stage of Shanghai Teachers' College, Feng Zikai was invited to teach in Shanghai East Asia Sports School. In the school magazine, he published "Drawing Teaching Method" and "Sketch", the former is an abridged translation of Sketch by Japanese scholar Mita Keiichiro, which is the earliest translation of Feng Zikai's works on art teaching. In Aesthetic Education magazine, Feng published "The Life of the Painter" and "The Principles of Art Education", regarding the painter's moral cultivation as his life.

In early p>1921, I went to Japan to study art and returned to China ten months later.

If there were no trip to Japan, Feng Zikai's paintings might be completely different, or there would be no "Zikai cartoons" at all. In an old Japanese bookstall, Feng Zikai found Takehisa Yumeji's "Dream II Painting Collection * Spring", and Dream II's fresh and refined stick figure suddenly attracted him. Feng Zikai called his paintings "silent poems" and praised the "rich poetic interest" in his paintings. It was this style of blending poetry and painting that aroused his great sensation in ideas and emotions. Feng Zikai was deeply influenced by China's traditional culture since he was a child. In art, the best poems are "happy without lewdness, sad without injury", and the best paintings are "plain and naive", in short, they should be just and peaceful; Morally, every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. Dream II's paintings, instead of comic jokes, focus on daily life scenes and show a deep and serious taste of life, paying equal attention to reason and interest, which not only suits Feng Zikai's literati temperament, but also plays a role in awakening the world and admonishing him. They are not far from the life he loves, and they just hit it off.

In p>1922, he was introduced by Xia Mianzun to teach in chunhui middle school, Baima Lake, Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, and began to use a brush as a stick figure.

chunhui middle school, where Feng Zikai teaches music and art, is located on the quiet White Horse Lake. Feng built a "small willow house" by the lake, took his wife and children to live together, and lived a "paradise" life. The comfortable life triggered his creative inspiration. Feng Zikai, who was deeply touched by the paintings of Takehisa Yumeji and Chen Shiceng, was dissatisfied with imitating the ancients blindly, hoping to express the image of China people with the skills of western painting and integrate the ancient poetic interest into modern life. Feng Zikai's earliest painting was made after he attended a school affairs meeting, and he felt the interesting appearance of his colleagues hanging their heads and prostrating themselves on the table with different expressions. Since then, these interests in life that were neglected in the past have often appeared in his works.

In p>1924, he published "After People Disappear, a crescent moon is like water" and embarked on the road of painters.

Feng Zikai's first publicly published work "After People Leave, a crescent moon is like water" was published in the magazine "Our July" edited by Zhu Ziqing and Yu Pingbo. The picture is a corner of the teahouse, the guests have left, the tea set is scattered on the table, and a crescent moon hangs outside the rolled curtain ... Such a simple painting requires the painter to have a solid sketching foundation and summary. The inscription that makes the finishing point should have rich literary accomplishment; The choice of theme requires meticulous life experience, which Feng Zikai has and is good at. As a result, a kind of cartoon with "gentle and honest" China cultural atmosphere came into being.

In p>1925, Literature Weekly published its paintings one after another, and Zheng Zhenduo was named "Zikai Comics".

From the winter solstice of p>1924 to 1925, Feng Zikai, Kuang Husheng and Zhu Guangqian came to Shanghai to establish "Shanghai Private Lida Middle School". In Shanghai, Feng Zikai got to know Zheng Zhenduo, and Zheng loved Feng's paintings for a long time, so he invited him to make a series of illustrations for Literature Weekly, published them under the name of "Zikai Comics", and published the first collection of paintings, Zikai Comics, which became famous. Feng Zikai didn't think he was the founder of chinese comic, and comics did appear in China before Feng, but it was only a flash in the pan. It was not until Feng's comics came out that the word "comics" was widely used, and comics, a kind of painting, spread in China.

In p>1926, Feng Zikai participated in the initiation and establishment of Kaiming Bookstore.

Kaiming Bookstore was founded by a group of intellectuals at that time. It mainly targeted at young readers and faced the society, and published many textbooks for primary and secondary schools and progressive and beneficial books such as Ten Lectures on Women's Issues and Discussions on New Sexual Morality. Feng Zikai was not only the founder of the bookstore, but also most of his works at that time were published by Kaiming Bookstore. For example, Zi Kai's Painting Collection in 1927, History of Western Art in 1928, by nursing students in 1929, Twelve Lectures of Western Painting School in 193, Essays on Yuanyuantang in 1931, Painting and Literature in 1934, Artistic Interest, and Human Relations in 1935. His translations include Introduction to Art in 1928, First Love in 1931, Suicide Club in 1932 and Introduction to Music. Selected works include Fifty Famous Chinese Songs in 1927, Huai 'e Bell Playing Law in 1931, Hundred Famous English Songs in 1932, Selected Famous Organ Songs and so on. This tireless list of books not only shows Feng Zikai's deep friendship with the bookstore, but also shows Feng's extensive knowledge, including painting, music, architecture and literature. It is worth mentioning that Feng Zikai's books are all bound and designed by himself.

In November p>1927, he converted to Buddhism from Master Hongyi (that is, Li Shutong) under the name of Ying Xing.

There are always different opinions about Feng Zikai's conversion to Buddhism. Some people say that he was born, while others think that he actually joined the WTO. In fact, Feng Zikai was a layman all his life, and he didn't officially become a monk. This is inseparable from his love for the world. He can't forget the charming scenery of the world, all kinds of people and the future of the country, so he painted, wrote, started education and opened a bookstore ... And religious beliefs gave him a compassionate and sensitive heart, which influenced his artistic views. He always believed that art should be "benevolence-oriented" and should be "benevolence-oriented" The most direct product of this thought is the later by nursing students.

In p>1933, Yuanyuantang, a new home in my hometown, was completed. Since then, I have devoted myself to translation. In the past five years, more than 2 kinds of works were destroyed by war in 1938.

Everyone who knows Feng Zikai knows Yuanyuantang. It is not only a house where Feng Zikai once lived, but also a witness and interpreter of his creation.

In p>1933, in Shimen, my hometown, Feng Zikai wrote the tall, square, concise and lively Marginal Hall with his "red Parker pen" (Feng Yu, which means to build it with the manuscript fee). The hall with generous bricks facing south of this building is hung with the hall forehead and couplets of Ma Yifu and Li Shutong; There are organ and thousands of books in the study; On the four walls of the canteen are Shen Meisou's ink; Upstairs is a spacious bedroom; There are peach blossoms outside the door, plantains, cherries and roses in the patio, and holly, osmanthus, vines and swing frames in the backyard; Most importantly, there are a group of carefree children! The peaceful and comfortable life here has made Feng Zikai's creation fruitful. In five years, he published three collections of paintings such as "Human Images"; Five essays such as "Re-writing in Yuanyuantang"; Three music works such as "Enlightened Music Lectures"; Eight artistic works such as Painting and Literature. Yuanyuantang is like a three-dimensional annotation of these cartoons and essays. It is literary, lively, reserved and always caring for the world. Feng Zikai has deep feelings for Yuanyuantang. When he learned that it was destroyed by Japanese artillery fire in 38 years, Feng Zikai wrote two articles, Return My Yuanyuantang and Tell Yuanyuantang that it is in the spirit of heaven, full of grief and resentment to show his mourning.

from 1937 to 1945, he took refuge in his hometown and moved around Tonglu, Quzhou, Shangrao, Nanchang, Pingxiang, Xiangtan, Changsha, Guilin, Yishan, Zunyi and Chongqing.

With Feng Zikai's character, he hates war the most, but his fate has made him toss and turn in the war for nearly ten years. On the way from place to place, the horror of the war deeply touched him, which made him pay special attention to the propaganda function of cartoons. He still draws cartoons, but it is just an "anti-Japanese war cartoon" to publicize the anti-Japanese war, showing what he saw and heard along the way. In the paintings, people's suffering and hatred for the invaders are increased, and the style is depressed. He not only painted such paintings himself, but also taught students to paint when he was teaching in various places. After painting, he went to the countryside to post and publicize the anti-Japanese war. When he was in Zunyi, he also rearranged the new and old works and compiled the Complete Works of Zikai Comics, which was published by Kaiming Bookstore in 1945. Since 1942, Feng Zikai came to Chongqing, which is relatively stable, built a "Shaping Cabin", resumed the life of painting composition, and took the opportunity of holding art exhibitions in Changshou, Fengdu and other places to enjoy the mountains and rivers in Sichuan. In Chongqing, Feng Zikai still took it as his duty to popularize art education, and published works such as Art and Life, Common Sense of Chinese Painting, Poetry in Painting, and the Beginning of Music. In the years of the Anti-Japanese War, what Feng Zikai saw was China literati's composure and courage to go to disaster calmly. They expressed their patriotic feelings and positive attitude towards life in their own unique way.

I lived in Hangzhou from 1946 to 1949.

After the Anti-Japanese War, Feng Zikai returned to Jiangnan from Chongqing. He once returned to his hometown, but Yuanyuantang was gone. People and things were different, and old dreams were hard to find. After a drink, he settled down in Hangzhou.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in p>1949, he settled in Shanghai and devoted himself to translation.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Feng Zikai served as the director of China Artists Association and the vice chairman of Shanghai Branch in Shanghai, the president of China Painting Academy for 6 years, and served as a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a representative of the people. In order to serve socialist culture and education and promote Soviet culture, Turgenev's Hunter's Notes was translated. At this time, his cartoons are mainly about praise, and his prose adds a lot of joy.

After p>1966, he was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, but he still wrote, painted and translated in secret.

Like most intellectuals, Feng Zikai failed to escape the bad luck of the Cultural Revolution. However, his generous temperament and religious belief still play a role. In his words to friends, he still looks forward to China's "God's will is peaceful, people's will is peaceful" and "season"