Taiwan Province police slogan

From 65438 to 0942, during the difficult period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Nanjing National Government established the National Sports Festival.

Sports activities play an important role in strengthening people's physique, improving people's quality and promoting their all-round development. In the history of China, sports activities have been carried out for a long time. Since modern times, especially after the Republic of China and before the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, with the slow development of economy and the gradual introduction of western sports activities and theories, sports activities in China have entered a new stage: physical education class has been widely opened in schools at all levels, and a number of teachers and professionals have been trained. At one time, the people established a number of associations and sports activities, showing a prosperous scene. However, from the Beiyang government to the Nanjing National Government, they paid little attention to this and gave little support. 1929, the Nanjing National Government promulgated the National Sports Law, but it was never seriously implemented after it was written, resulting in the sports cause in China falling far behind the world level. For example, at the Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936, all the events that the China delegation participated in were defeated and could only be saved by martial arts performances.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression started, Nanjing National Government soon tasted the bitter fruit of backward sports. At that time, there was an urgent need to expand the army. However, due to the lack of attention to sports in the past, ordinary people were unable to exercise because of poverty, which greatly hindered the improvement of national physique and made it difficult for Nanjing National Government to recruit qualified soldiers-"strong" candidates were not strong, and most of them were "thin". According to a report of the Ministry of Military Affairs in 1937, the physical standard of enlistment in that year was lowered several times, but more than three-fifths of people still failed. Later, when the Air Force was selected, the physical fitness was less than 1%, which caused various vibrations. At the first session in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, many delegates called for the development of national sports activities to enhance people's physique, so the national government had to adopt the method of cramming for the last minute to grasp sports urgently. 1940 10 June10, the Ministry of Education held the second meeting of the National Sports Conference in Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing. At the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek emphasized: "In the future, education in the war of resistance and the founding of the country should focus on movement, order and discipline." The meeting put forward and passed the proposal on amending the National Sports Law promulgated by 1929. After hard work, on September 9th, the National Government promulgated the revised National Sports Law, stipulating that all citizens of the Republic of China have the obligation to take physical exercise to improve their physical fitness and health, and stipulating that the Ministry of Education is in charge of the whole country 1942. At the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Education submitted a letter to the Executive Yuan, which read: "In order to make use of the custom of the Double Ninth Festival (referring to the folk custom of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival) to promote the national law (that is,". Carry out the national sports movement to commemorate the first uprising of the founding father (that is, the Guangzhou uprising planned by Sun Yat-sen on June 26, the Double Ninth Festival, 1895). This proposal was approved by the Executive Yuan and promulgated and implemented nationwide. This is the first sports festival stipulated by the government in China.

1942 the celebration of the first sports festival was very warm and grand.

Since August, the National Sports Committee of the Ministry of Education has carefully arranged the celebration activities. By the end of August, statistics show that Chongqing, Kunming, Chengdu, Guilin, Xi, Hanzhong and other important cities 1 and Liancheng 16 counties in Fujian Province have decided to hold large-scale celebrations, and there are not a few people holding general activities, among which Chongqing's celebrations are the most prominent. At 2: 30 pm on September 9, the first' 99 Sports Commemorative Conference and the first Chongqing Sports Conference opened in the square of the new life sports model area of Fuzichi. Subsequently, the sports activities held in Chongqing included: skill sports performance of fitness classes in the New Life Sports Demonstration Zone, martial arts performance of China Wushu Society, tennis competition between British Embassy in China and China Trust Bureau, tennis competition between Dutch Embassy in China and Central Bank, softball competition of US Air Force, football competition for normal students in East Sichuan, glider skydiving, children's swimming performance, group aerobics performance, women's basketball competition, mountain climbing, crossing the river and kicking shuttlecock. Other places have also carried out some special activities according to local conditions, such as cycling competition in Jiangxi and shooting competition in Xikang, which have been welcomed by the citizens.

1943 the second sports festival is still highly valued by all localities. For example, in Chongqing, on September 9th, in addition to the traditional celebration activities such as the celebration meeting and sports performances, a "National Health Parade" was held in an ingenious way. Sports performance teams, female nurses' teams, cleaners' teams, cavalry teams and ten carriages were all covered with health education slogans.

However, the third to fourth sports festivals from 1944 to 1945 were held under special background.

1944 was on the eve of the world anti-fascist war and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's final victory, but the Kuomintang was even more decadent because it was passive in resisting Japan, saving its strength and waiting for victory. The whole war situation went from bad to worse, and it was defeated in the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, causing panic in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, and people were not interested in the sports festival that year. 1945 On September 9th, the day of the Sports Festival coincided with the signing ceremony of the Japanese surrender book in China Theater, which was held in Nanjing, and the whole country reveled and celebrated the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Of course, the sports festival is too busy to ask.

1946 Sports Festival is the first sports festival after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory. It is celebrated all over the country, especially in the areas occupied in those years and now recovered. This is the first time to hold sports festivals, so sports activities are more enthusiastic. Celebrations in Nanjing began on September 7th, with swimming competitions on the 7th and 8th, and mountain climbing, tennis exhibition, basketball and martial arts performances on the 9th. Another example is Shanghai. According to Shenbao, a lecture on "Sports and Hygiene" was held in the city gymnasium at 9: 00 am that day, and table tennis and basketball exhibition matches were held in the afternoon. Hongkou Swimming Pool will hold a swimming competition in the afternoon. Before and after the sports festival, the city also held a police cup basketball match.

However, after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Kuomintang went against the historical trend, adhered to one-party dictatorship and reactionary rule, and launched a new civil war. The people of the whole country quickly fell into depression, the national economy deteriorated rapidly, people's lives were in jeopardy, sports activities were in trouble due to lack of funds, and sports festival celebrations showed a downward trend.

1948 In September, the strategic decisive battle between the People's Liberation Army and the Kuomintang army was about to begin, and the Kuomintang rule was crumbling. In order to whitewash the peace and appease the people, the Kuomintang authorities still hold sports festival celebrations. However, except for Nanjing and other places, all localities have adopted a perfunctory attitude and organized some small-scale activities to complete the task.

To sum up, we can see that the sports festival and its activities set up by Nanjing National Government during the Anti-Japanese War achieved certain results and promoted the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. However, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, with the retrogression and collapse of the Kuomintang, sports festivals declined accordingly. This proves from the opposite side that without the guarantee of progressive politics and society, there will be no real prosperity of culture and art.

/shengzhi/docc/qunsong tiyu/index 4 . htm

College physical education in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

/Chinese /HIAW/660457.htm

The influence of western competitive sports on China at that time

/gas journal/periodical. Article/bjtydxxb/bjty2004/0407/040727.htm

The evolution, characteristics and historical value of physical education curriculum in China during the Republic of China (1927- 1949) (also on how many times it was refreshed)