History of Shigu Academy

Shigu Academy, the first of the four academies in Song Dynasty, is the birthplace of Huxiang culture. It has flourished for thousands of years and enjoys a lofty position in Chinese academy, education and cultural history. As the saying goes, "Steamed stones burn, pass the parcel"! 1In July, 944, Shigu Academy was destroyed by Japanese artillery fire in Hengyang Defence War. In June 2006, Hengyang Municipal People's Government rebuilt Shigu Academy. In the year of Xingguo in Song Taiping (978), Zhao Kuangyi in Song Taizong wrote the inscription "Shigu Academy", and in the year of Song to Daoism (997), Li Shizhen, a native of Hengzhou, started a lecture at Shigu Academy, which officially became an academy. In the second year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1035), Liu Ling, a captain of Jixian Temple, was appointed as the magistrate of Hengzhou and reported the story of Shigu Academy to the emperor. Song Renzong awarded him the title of Shigu Academy. Shigu Academy was twice benefited by Song Gaozong, and entered the "heyday" period of Shigu Academy. It was as famous as Suiyang (also known as Yingtianfu Academy) and Yuelu Academy Bailudong, and became the first of the four famous academies in China at that time. At that time, many celebrities from all over the country came here to give lectures; For example, writer Su Shi and Zhou Dunyi, the originator of Neo-Confucianism. Xiaozong 14( 1 187) The masters of science Zhu and Zhang Wei gave lectures here, and Zhu wrote Shigu Academy. Zhang Qian erected a monument in the pavilion, and personally inscribed Han Yu's poems Hejiang Pavilion and Shigu Academy. Later generations will become a monument at this moment and put it in Shigu Academy, which is called "Three Wonders Monument".

In the fourth year of Li Qing, Song Renzong (1044), Shigu Academy became a formal institution of higher learning in Hengzhou Road, with 1 Zhengzheng professor, who mainly taught students Confucian classics. In the first month of A.D. 10 (1274), when Wen Tianxiang, the provincial judge and national hero of Hunan Province in the Southern Song Dynasty was stationed in Hengzhou, he wrote a poem "Hejiang Pavilion": "A quail's tail is famous in the sky, but a tiger's head on the ground means. The spring breeze is full of twists and turns, and the water surface is two or three continents. ……"; In the twelfth year (1 185), Pan Tianqing, the envoy of the Ministry, built several houses on the original site. During the Kaiyuan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1259), the academy was destroyed by fire. In the first year (1260), Li Dengmen, the chief of the mountain, was ordered to "sweep the building and renew it", "restore the old scenery", increase the garden and build a building, and take the text of "Ming De Xin Min" to promote its righteousness and regain its prestige, so as to promote the style of scholars. Huang Wo was sentenced to another 35 mu of land "to support his disciples". At the end of the Song Dynasty, Guo Mian, a famous musician, once lived on Shigu Mountain and went boating in Xiangjiang River, and wrote the famous piano music Xiaoxiang Water Cloud (Fog). 14 (1657) Hong Chengchou, the minister of economy and strategy in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, took Shigu Academy as the military command post of Qing Dynasty. In the same year, Yuan Kuochuo, the governor of the partial hospital, played the Qing court and applied for the reconstruction of Shigu Academy. Yu, the county magistrate of Hengyang County, is responsible for the restoration project. At this time, there are Hejiang Pavilion, Wang Yu Monument, Wuhou Temple, Daguanlou, Lecture Hall, Loyalty Festival Temple and Seven Immortals Temple. Shigu Academy was the first academy allowed to be restored by the Qing government. During this period, the academy was the imperial examination, and Shigu Academy became the base for teaching and training imperial examination talents.

In the seventh year of Kangxi (1668), Zhang Qixun, the magistrate of Hengzhou, expanded more than 20 buildings. "Those scholars who graduated from Hengshi School, and ... try it every month, and the wind of scholars is the most prosperous." In twenty-eight years, Cui Ming, the magistrate, donated money to "increase the surprise". Seven Immortals Temple, Yanggao, the second floor of Daguan, Lingxiao Hall, Zuoyuxuan, Haorantai, Hejiang Pavilion and Dongxizhai are all "magnificent landscapes". There are many top scholars in Hunan, such as Chen Shizhi, Yu and Lin, but most of them are from the imperial examination.

From September of the third year of Xianfeng (1853) to the first month of the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), Zeng Guofan and Peng Yulin set up the Xiang Navy in Hengzhou, stationed in Shigu, and the waters near Shigu Academy became the cradle of China's modern navy. In the 28th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1902), Shigu Academy was changed to Hengyang government middle school, and in the 30th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1904), it was changed to Hunan South Road Normal School. During the Republic of China, it was changed to "Hengjun Women's Vocational School" and "Hunan Provincial Third Normal School" (Hunan Third Normal School). Later, because Shigu Mountain could not meet the requirements of the new school, the school moved to Jin 'ao Mountain. At this time, Shigu Academy has become a scenic and cultural attraction that people visit and worship. 1964, when Tao Zhu, the first secretary of the Central South Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, visited Hengyang, he asked to restore the Shigu Academy and Yan Hui Peak in Hengyang. At that time, due to historical constraints, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government only cultivated tree flower beds, built pavilions and pavilions, and built Shigu Park on the ruins, which could not restore the buildings and exhibitions at that time.

1998, when the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued the stamps of "Ancient Academies", that is, the four major academies in the Song Dynasty, it visited Shigu Academy in advance, but in the end it was replaced by Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan Province, because it only saw rocks and didn't see the academy.

In June 2006, Hengyang Municipal People's Government rebuilt Shigu Academy. According to the principle of repairing the old as the old, the three functions of the academy, such as giving lectures, collecting books and offering sacrifices, were restored. The whole building complex is a hidden column with white walls and tiles, which is solemn, simple and elegant. The layout is symmetrical with the central axis. Yubei Pavilion, Shanmen, Bookstore, Wuhou Temple, Li Zhongjie Temple, Daguanlou and Hejiang Pavilion were arranged in the courtyard, and the exhibition "Millennium Academy of Shigu Monument" was held to show the historical features, cultural precipitation and impressive achievements of Shigu Academy, and to reproduce the majestic posture of the Millennium Academy.

On June 5438+065438+1October 15, 2009, China Post Group issued a special stamp of "Ancient Academy" to the whole country in Shigu Square, Hengyang City, and Shigu Academy was listed as a "national business card".

Major General Luo Yuan, an expert on international strategy and national security, visited the lecture hall of Shigu Academy.

On 201April 2 1 day, writers from both sides of the Taiwan Strait came to Shigu Academy, the first of the four major academies in China, to read the history and culture accumulated by the Millennium-old universities.

2014 On May 20th, Xu Shousheng, secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People's Congress, inspected Shigu Academy, praising Hengyang for its profound cultural heritage and unique characteristics of "three rivers flowing in parallel".

2014 On May 22nd, Wang Taihua, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, director of the Literature, History and Learning Committee, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the CPC and director of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, led a delegation from the Literature, History and Learning Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to visit Shigu Academy, touching the details of Hunan and praising Hengyang.