Dong Qing Railway Harbin Station Harbin Station

1899, Qinjiagang Station (Songhua River Station in Russian) was established on Dong Qing Railway (Middle East Railway). At that time, the old station was located in the luggage room of Harbin station, just a row of temporary low-rise houses. At that time, it was only used in the stationmaster's office, telegraph room and driver's lounge.

190 1 A small building with masonry structure was built on the south side of the current exit as a waiting room and station office (the building was demolished on 1988).

1903 In July, the Middle East Railway was opened to traffic, Qinjiagang Station was officially renamed Harbin Station, Binjiang Songhua River Station was renamed Wharf Station (Daoli Station), Xianxiangfang Harbin Station was renamed Old Harbin Station, and Xiangfang Station was renamed 438+0924 in June.

1904, the first generation of Harbin Railway Station was completed and put into use, which was then a major station on the Middle East railway line.

19 10 to sell platform tickets; 1911February 16, the tickets were sold in Russia and Japan.

As a railway hub in the Middle East, there are two lines in the station: the north line group (the existing line of the platform) has the east (Harbin to Vladivostok), west (Harbin to Manzhouli) and south (Harbin to Lushunkou) passenger trains 1 1 line; There are 9 lines in the South Line Group for marshalling and shunting freight trains. According to the Journal of Harbin Station, at the beginning of the establishment of Harbin Station, the passenger flow was not large. There are 6 pairs of passenger cars and 3 pairs of mixed trains running every day, with an average daily passenger boarding and unloading 185 passengers.

1909101On October 26th, the first Japanese Prime Minister Ito Bowen was assassinated by North Korean patriot An Zhonggen at Harbin Station, which shocked the world at that time. (201410 June 19, An Zhonggen Yi Shi Memorial Hall opened in front of Harbin Railway Station. )

1February 5, 932, Japanese troops occupied Harbin. In order to increase plunder, the Japanese army expanded Harbin Station, and successively built an underground pedestrian passage (now the old underground passage on the north side) from Platform 1 to Platform 3, as well as eight special railway lines and two branch railway lines leading to Shuanghesheng, Donghe Youfang and Fuxingheng. From August 3 1935 to June 17 and 1937, the wide gauge of Middle East Railway (1524 mm) was changed to quasi gauge (1435 mm), and the gauge in Harbin Station was changed accordingly.

From 65438 to 0934, Labin Railway was connected with Binbei Railway, and Harbin Station became the intersection of five railway trunk lines and became an important hub in China.

After the Puppet Manchukuo Government 1935 acquired the Middle East Railway, Harbin Station operated 8 pairs of passenger trains every day, including the classic express train "Asia Train" at that time (which set a world record of 130km/h).

1in August, 945, the Soviet red army attacked the northeast. A group of Soviet airborne soldiers who occupied Harbin Station stood in the rain in front of Harbin Station with front guns, leaving a famous picture of the occupation of Harbin. 1June, 946, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces appointed Zhu Ziming as the military representative to take over Harbin Station.

At that time, Harbin Railway Station stood along the wide stone steps, and tall columns were erected on both sides of the entrance, decorated with double legs, and the upper part shrank inward like a bottle. Each "bottleneck" part has one, and a rectangular window decorated with soft curves is divided into small squares. The "bottle mouth" at the top of the pier is rich in lines and feet, all of which are smooth curves. It is these curves that make the larger piers look vivid and rich.

There is a main entrance between the two piers, and the lower part of the main entrance is two doors decorated with arc-shaped grids, and the doors and doors are decorated with round legs; Above the gate is a large flat round window, soft and natural, decorated with curved surfaces. The wall is engraved with curved letters of the station name, and then there are several layers of curved feet with the same radian. Rich but not messy, soft but not exaggerated, which perfectly sets off the spatial personality of the main entrance. In addition, the curved wall pier flows down from the pier top like running water, which makes the whole entrance treatment more balanced and perfect. The other two secondary entrances are relatively simple in design, but they are also decorated with arc doors and windows and arc cast iron. Thick walls contrast with the lightness of doors and windows and the softness of iron parts, rendering a suitable space atmosphere.

The facade design of the building is very wonderful, which is a typical "Art Nouveau" style. The old railway station in Harbin was designed by the famous Russian architectural engineer Kitevich. As an important hub of the Middle East railway line, the station in Harbin has become a means for Russia to show off its so-called progressive culture and powerful national strength, so its architectural style has adopted the "Art Nouveau" style prevailing in Western Europe and Russia.

The soft curve decoration of the whole building is dazzling at first glance-curved doors and windows, curved wall piers, curved cast iron lines, curved retaining walls and even curved station names, just like the ocean of various free curves, like a cheerful music, jumping and hovering, sometimes high and sometimes low, with a strong sense of rhythm.

The location of Harbin Railway Station is well thought out. It is located at the junction of nangang district and Daoli District, and it is the link between the two administrative districts. The semi-circular square formed at the intersection of Station Street (now Hong Jun Street), Railway Street (now Arc Street), Songhua River Street and Hospital Street (now Yiyuan Street) has convenient transportation. This semi-circular square provides a good view and perspective for appreciating architecture.

Whenever the flowers are in full bloom in the square, the lush trees become the green ribbon that sets off the building, and the beautiful and stretching charm of the building can be seen at a glance. The train station in Nangang Central Square is far away from Nicholas Chiric. Two squares and two elegant buildings are connected into a landscape axis, and both become symbols of Harbin at the same time. The soft curve decoration of the whole building looks like a cheerful piece of music at first glance, with a strong sense of rhythm. What is unforgettable is the elegant and vivid shape of the building. It used to be the first impression Harbin left to strangers. 1949 12, Mao Zedong visited the Soviet union by special train and was assassinated at Harbin station. At that time, the Kuomintang planned to plant a bomb at Harbin Station to create the "Huanggutun Incident". Fortunately, the China Intelligence Group promptly took out the underground radio station lurking in Beijing and planned to abort.

1951June 10 Newly-built military waiting rooms, maternal and child fire-fighting waiting rooms.

1955, the first expansion of Harbin railway station building. The old warehouse of the original luggage room was demolished, a 736-square-meter ticket office was built, and the original small ticket office was changed into a waiting room, which improved the conditions of the waiting room. At the same time, a broadcasting room, an information desk and a small item storage room are set up in the waiting room; Prepare drinking water for passengers, set up passenger suggestion books, etc.

The passenger flow of Harbin Station is increasing, and the old station building can no longer meet the needs. It was demolished from March 8 to 28. 1960. It is said that the old station building is very strong, and explosives and tanks were used when it was demolished. At the same time, it was rebuilt in the original site, leaving only the Soviet Red Army monument in front of the railway station. The new station consists of a large modern station building, which consists of three parts: the main building, the east wing and the west wing. The scale and appearance are similar to those of Beijing Railway Station. However, due to the shortage of funds, the project stopped working, which became a joke at that time (outsiders joked: Harbin is a monster, with waiting rooms on both sides).

1972 in may, in order to welcome cambodian head of state prince sihanouk's six-day visit to Kazakhstan, the relevant departments built a corridor in the blank area between the east and west wings. At the same time, the third expansion project of Harbin Railway Station doubled the waiting room area.

1975: The original south freight marshalling station was rebuilt and expanded, and a mechanical hump was added to 1979, which automatically released the freight and enhanced the freight marshalling capacity.

1982, expansion of platform, station building and luggage room. 1988 Harbin station was rebuilt for the fourth time, which is the current style. The main building is newly built, the wings are decorated with one floor, the third and fourth waiting rooms are newly built, two viaducts and outdoor corridors are newly built, and two escalators are added. The main building is paved with a large area of brown mirror glass, equipped with a big clock, and built a semi-circular rain shelter that echoes the flood control memorial tower. After completion, it has always been a landmark landscape in Harbin.

1 989 65438+1October1,after 30 years of intermittent construction, the new station building in Harbin was completed with a total construction area of 28,000 square meters.

1999 in order to cooperate with Harbin-Dalian electrified railway project, Harbin Railway Station has been transformed for the fifth time-the station yard has been transformed, and the elevated waiting room has been built, so that the capacity of sending passengers has doubled. The new station building has four main waiting halls and six auxiliary waiting halls, with a total construction area of 42 1.22 square meters, which is nearly 1.6 times larger than the old station building 1.904. It has complete modern facilities and is one of the famous large railway stations in China.

After six years of construction, the Haqi high-speed railway was officially opened to traffic on August 17, 2065438, and Harbin Station became the main starting station.

The main station building of Harbin Railway Station is equipped with three waiting areas A, B and C, a maternal and child waiting room, a business travel waiting room, a military waiting room, a soft seat waiting room and a VIP room. Harbin Railway Station has two floors, which are divided into three parts: left, right and middle. On the left is the waiting room and exit, in the middle is the central hall and waiting room, and on the right is the ticket hall and freight yard. In the middle of Harbin station is the central hall, which is 9.07 meters high, spacious and bright. As the existing Harbin Railway Station has been used for more than 20 years, there are many problems, such as the low and damaged platform, insufficient train receiving and dispatching capacity, too small waiting room area (daily passenger flow has exceeded100000, basically running at full capacity), the long distance between the north and south of the main station building, which leads to inconvenient passenger traffic, and insufficient clearance under the Ji Hong Bridge on the north side, which leads to the decline of train passing capacity. .................................................

At present, the land requisition and demolition work around the railway station has been basically completed, Harbin Station has entered the stage of reconstruction preparation, and the next step is to start the demolition and reconstruction project. After the transformation, the whole station building was restored to the original Russian style, and at the same time, the platform (expanded to 9 platforms 16 line), the train arrival and departure line and the west station building were added.

Transformation plan:

Harbin station in the future will be transformed into a comprehensive hub station, including Haqi passenger dedicated line and the starting station of Hamu passenger railway and Hajia express railway under construction. At the same time, the East-West Square will be transformed, and the road network project around the railway station and the bus and subway transfer center will be built. The estimated total investment of the project is 654.38+0.03 billion yuan, including 6.3 billion yuan for the renovation of Harbin Railway Station and 4 billion yuan for the regional renovation.

The underground plaza is added, which makes the passenger flow take the upward and downward mode at Harbin Station, effectively dispersing the crowded passenger flow.

According to the current traffic situation, Harbin will implement the reconstruction project of Bank Street, Yiyuan Street and other 14 roads to separate transit traffic from arrival traffic, improve road capacity and alleviate traffic congestion in Harbin station area.

Harbin will complete the relocation project of Nangang Highway Passenger Station, expand the parking area and solve the problem of insufficient parking spaces in existing highway passenger stations.

Harbin is working with the National Railway Corporation and other relevant departments to further demonstrate the reconstruction plan of Jihongqiao, complete the examination and approval of its cultural relics protection procedures, and ensure the implementation of the centennial Hongqiao reconstruction project.

Harbin will complete the follow-up of the subway line 2 and line 6 interchange station project. After completion, it will realize zero interchange between the national railway and the subway, making it more convenient and faster for passengers to travel.

Renovation progress:

On August 8, 20 15, the residential area around North Square (2 13) was successfully relocated, and the demolition work was completed.

In order to cooperate with the renovation of Jihongqiao, on August 20, 20 15, the pavement construction of the entrance of the underpass bridge on the north side of Harbin Station was basically completed, and the construction unit will start the internal construction of the tunnel. When fully completed, a street can vertically cross Yiman Street underground, enter Crescent Street, and reach Harbin Station. (Reference entry: underpass bridge in the eighth district of Harbin. )