Safe production and fire safety knowledge

Knowledge on fire safety in production

How much do you know about fire safety? Then I will bring you knowledge on fire safety in production. I hope you can read more. Study it.

Fire safety knowledge in production safety

1

What are the contents of the four capabilities of fire safety?

(1) Inspection The ability to eliminate fire hazards

(2) The ability to put out initial fires

(3) The ability to organize evacuation and escape

(4) The ability to publicize, educate and train

　2

What is the policy of fire-fighting work?

Focus on prevention and combine prevention and fire-fighting

Fire-fighting work includes fire prevention and fire extinguishing Two aspects

1. "Prevention first" means that in dealing with the relationship between fire and prevention, in the fight against fire

, fire prevention must be given top priority , taking various positive measures ideologically, organizationally and institutionally to prevent the occurrence of fires.

2. Combining fire prevention and fire prevention means that while actively doing fire prevention work, we should also be fully prepared in terms of manpower and material resources

Technically, we should be fully prepared to put out fires. Strengthen the construction of voluntary firefighting teams within the enterprise, equip them with sufficient firefighting equipment, strengthen fire-fighting training, and be on duty to prepare for war. They must be constantly prepared. Once a fire occurs, they can be put out quickly and timely to reduce fire hazards to a minimum.

　3

Firefighting tasks

1. Control and fire all unsafe conditions and factors that may lead to fires and explosions;

2 . Limit and eliminate the conditions and factors for the spread and expansion of fires and explosions;

3. Ensure that there are sufficient fire fighters and fire-fighting equipment so that if a fire occurs, it can be extinguished in time to reduce losses

;

4. Ensure that there are enough safe exits and passages to facilitate the escape of people and the evacuation of materials;

5. Thoroughly identify the causes of fires and explosions, and do not let go of the three ?(That is, if the cause is unknown, we will not let it go; if the responsibility for the accident and employees are not educated, we will not let it go; if the preventive measures are not implemented, we will not let it go).

　4

How to use a dry powder fire extinguisher?

When using a portable dry powder fire extinguisher, you should remove the safety pin, hold the hose with one hand, and align the nozzle with the fire extinguisher. Aim at the root of the flame; press the handle with the other hand, and the dry powder will spray out to extinguish the fire. (Abbreviation: pull the pin, hold the pipe, press the handle)

5

What precautions should be taken when using a dry powder fire extinguisher?

In case of fire, get it as close as possible Hold the fire extinguisher in one hand, pull out the safety bolt with the other hand, shake it up and down several times, and stand 3-4 meters upwind of the fire. Hold the pressure handle tightly and spray at the root of the fire source and keep pushing forward until the fire is extinguished.

(1) Aim at the root of the flame and spray under pressure, not too high

(2) Spray 2 to 3 meters away from the flame

(3) Stand on the Spray the flame in the upwind direction

(Abbreviation: Spray the fire root 2-3 meters upwind)

　6

How to identify the fire extinguisher pressure gauge? < /p>

If the pressure gauge pointer points to the green zone, the pressure is just right; if the pressure gauge pointer points to the yellow zone, the pressure is too high; if the pressure gauge pointer points to the red zone, the pressure is insufficient. (Abbreviation: green zone is good, yellow zone is big, red zone is small)

7

How to use fire hydrants?

When using fire hydrants, first turn off all fire hydrants Turn on the power supply at the fire extinguishing site, open the glass door of the fire hydrant, press the manual alarm button, and the water pump connected to it will automatically pressurize. After connecting the water hose gun (after opening the water valve, due to the high pressure of the water, the water gun must be Keep your head flat) and shoot directly toward the fire until the fire is extinguished.

(1) Open the fire hydrant door and press the internal fire alarm button if there is one.

(2) One person takes the gun tip and hose and runs towards the fire point.

(3) Another person connects the hose and valve port.

(4) Open the valve counterclockwise and water will spray out. (Abbreviation: press the alarm, connect the gun belt, and open the valve)

8

Automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system

If a fire occurs, the local temperature will reach At 68℃, the glass tube (red) on the sprinkler head will automatically break and spray water to extinguish the fire.

9

Smoke detector automatic alarm system

When a large number of people gather together to smoke or there is a short circuit or open circuit, causing smoke, when the smoke When a certain concentration is reached, the smoke detector will automatically transmit information to the fire host.

10

What is a fire hazard?

Fire hazard refers to unsafe factors that may cause or increase the risk or harm of fire.

11

When you discover a fire, you should take the following measures immediately

1. Call the fire alarm number 119 to call the police. When calling the police, be calm and respond calmly. , explain the exact location of the fire, the name of the unit where the fire started, the street where it is located, the name and phone number of the caller, the location of the fire and the size of the fire. For example, in relatively remote places, send someone to meet the fire truck at the intersection to avoid delaying the firefighting work;

< p> 2. The person in charge of the scene immediately organizes forces to quickly evacuate the trapped people. When helping them escape, they must pay attention to the route, cannot take the elevator, cut off the power supply, stop the spread of the fire in time, find a water source (fire hydrant), and start fighting;

3. On-site staff should immediately report the situation to the management office. When rescuing people, they should first rescue the elderly, young, sick, disabled, and pregnant women. When rescuing materials, first save valuable materials and then general ones to prevent illegal elements from taking advantage of the opportunity. ;

4. After the fire is extinguished, the management office must assign dedicated personnel to protect the scene so as to assist the public security and fire departments in conducting investigations;

12

Burning Condition

Combustion, commonly known as fire. It refers to a chemical reaction that releases heat when combustibles react with oxygen or oxidants, usually accompanied by flames and smoke.

When any substance burns, there is a process from an unburned state to a burning state. There must be three conditions for this process to occur, namely: combustibles, combustion aids and ignition sources. Without any one condition, combustion cannot occur, and these three conditions must be combined and interact with each other, otherwise, there will be no combustion. .

Any substance that can chemically react with oxygen or other oxidants in the air is called combustibles. Combustibles are divided into three categories: one is gas combustibles (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc.), and the other is liquid combustibles. materials (such as gasoline, alcohol, etc.), and the third is solid combustible materials (such as wood, clothing, etc.). Any substance that can help and support the burning of combustibles is called a combustion aid, such as air, oxygen, potassium permanganate, etc. Any source of energy that can cause a combustion reaction between combustibles and combustion-supporting materials is called an ignition source. Ignition sources can be divided into: open flame, chemical heat energy, electric heat energy, light energy, etc.

13

Basic measures to prevent fire

To prevent fire, it is to eliminate the conditions that cause combustion and prevent the occurrence of combustion, so as to achieve the purpose of fire prevention. Basic measures to prevent fires are:

⑴. Control combustibles

Specific methods include: controlling the storage volume of flammable items; replacing flammable or combustible materials with refractory or non-combustible materials; Dip-coat combustible materials with fire-retardant coatings to increase their fire resistance limit; keep combustible materials in a good ventilation state, etc., thereby reducing the concentration of flammable gases, steam and dust, and controlling their concentrations below the lower explosion limit.

⑵. Isolate combustion-supporting materials

Isolating combustion-supporting materials means destroying the combustion-supporting conditions for combustion. Specific measures include: placing the production of flammable and explosive materials in closed equipment; Store items that are prone to spontaneous combustion in isolation from air; fill transformers with inert gas for fire protection; close fire doors and windows to cut off air convection; cover flammable oils and liquids with sand or soil.

⑶. Eliminate ignition sources

Eliminating ignition sources means destroying the thermal energy of combustion. Specific measures include: installing lightning protection and explosion-proof devices; taking temperature control, sunshade and other measures to avoid ignition Source; build firewalls between buildings, install fireproof roller shutters between different floors of the same building and in different areas of the same floor.

14

Basic fire fighting methods

All fire extinguishing methods are to destroy the burning conditions that have occurred. After a fire occurs, it is often based on the burning material. , combustion characteristics, specific conditions of the fire scene and performance of fire-fighting equipment for fire extinguishing. The specific fire extinguishing methods mainly include:

⑴. Suffocation fire extinguishing method

The suffocation fire extinguishing method is to take appropriate measures to prevent the air from burning based on the condition that combustibles require enough air (oxygen). Flow into the combustion zone, or use non-combustible materials or inert gases to dilute the oxygen content in the air, so that the burning materials lack oxygen to support combustion and are extinguished. This fire extinguishing method is suitable for extinguishing fires in closed rooms, production equipment, and equipment containers.

⑵. Cooling fire extinguishing method

The cooling fire extinguishing method is based on the condition that combustibles must reach a certain temperature for combustion to occur. Water or fire extinguishing agent is sprayed directly on the burning objects to cause The temperature of the burning material drops below the ignition point, thus terminating combustion. This method can also be used to cool unburned objects, such as building components, equipment, etc., to prevent them from burning or exploding due to the influence of thermal radiation.

⑶. Isolation fire extinguishing method

The isolation fire extinguishing method is based on the condition that combustible materials must be present for combustion to occur. It isolates combustible materials adjacent to the burning materials to prevent further spread of combustion.

　⑷. Fire suppression method

The fire suppression method is to spray the fire extinguishing agent on the burning material to allow it to participate in the combustion reaction, so that the free radicals generated during the combustion disappear and form stable molecules. or low reactive free radicals, thereby terminating combustion.

15

What are the three fire protection teams?

(1) Teams that inspect and inspect fire hazards

( 2) The first fire-fighting force

(3) The second fire-fighting force.

16

What is the first combat force for fire-fighting?

The fire-extinguishing force spontaneously formed by employees at the fire scene within one minute is the first combat force for fire-fighting.

17

What are the specific tasks of the first combat force?

The first employee who discovered the fire used fire extinguishing equipment to put out the fire and shouted to surrounding employees. Call the police and provide reinforcements; employees who are close to the fire point are responsible for using fire extinguishers and indoor fire hydrants to extinguish the fire; employees who are close to the telephone or fire alarm point call the police to the unit fire duty room (or fire control center) and the public security fire department; employees who are close to the safety passage or exit Employees who are nearby should immediately guide customers to evacuate to safe places; employees who are close to the smoke exhaust outlet should press the smoke exhaust button nearby. (Abbreviation: shout loudly, make a phone call, press the alarm, get equipment, guide people)

18

What are the contents and requirements for reporting to 119?

Name, work unit, contact number of the person who called the police; accurate geographical location of the fire site; describe the situation of the fire scene as much as possible, such as the time of fire, combustion characteristics, fire size, whether there are trapped people, whether there are important items, and the fire What important buildings are around, driving routes, how fire trucks and firefighters can easily enter or approach the fire scene, etc. (Abbreviation of alarm content: fire time, characteristics, size, fire scene personnel, items, driving route)

　19

Essentials for employees in densely populated places to deal with initial fires

< p>　(1) If you call the police early, the loss will be small;

　(2) While calling the police, put out the fire at the same time;

　(3) Save people first, then things;

< p>　(4) Prevent poisoning and suffocation;

　(5) Follow instructions and do not panic.

20

What is the procedure for organizing and guiding personnel to evacuate?

(1) Report the fire situation

(2) Division of work according to responsibilities Guide evacuation

(3) Ensure evacuation lighting

(4) Stabilize the emotions of on-site personnel

(5) Make necessary evacuation preparations

< p>　(6) Guide evacuation

　(7) Count the number of people

　(8) Protect the safety of evacuated persons.

　21

Firefighter emergency team responsibility standards

1. Work hard to learn fire protection business knowledge. Be familiar with the performance of fire extinguishing facilities and equipment, and achieve the "three understandings, three skills, and three abilities". Use iFire APP to realize intelligent patrols, ensure the quality of fire safety patrols, and discover safety hazards in a timely manner.

2. Cooperate with the security guards of the fire center to confirm the fire alarm.

3. Inspect fire hazards and the presence of fire-fighting facilities. If any are found missing, report them to the exclusive leader in a timely manner and notify the management office to investigate and deal with them.

4. In case of fire, immediately press the manual alarm or call the fire center to explain the specific location of the fire and burning materials. At the same time, use nearby fire extinguishers and fire hydrants to put out the fire and control the initial fire. Wait for superiors and rescue personnel to arrive. When superior leaders arrive at the scene, they must obey the leadership, follow the command, do a good job in fire extinguishing, evacuation, and guidance, maintain the order of the scene, and do a good job in prevention work

　22

Firefighting center duty officer Responsibilities

1. Responsible for fire monitoring, and activate various fire fighting equipment according to work procedures in case of fire to make them work normally.

2. Responsible for the maintenance of fire protection facilities and equipment within the area of ??responsibility.

3. Responsible for recording relevant fire protection forms.

4. Responsible for using the public address system to guide and evacuate people and important supplies in emergencies.

5. Be proficient in the work skills of each position and perform any security guard duties when necessary.

6. Master and publicize common sense of laws and regulations, actively participate in firefighting training, and be proficient in the performance and use of equipment.

7. Conduct frequent fire safety inspections, promptly report fire hazards to relevant departments and supervise the removal of fire hazards.

8. Responsible for the cleaning and sanitation work in the fire center.

9. Obey the work arrangements of superiors.

10. Part-time monitoring center personnel shall comply with the "Responsibilities of Security Guards at the Monitoring Center".

23

What type of fire extinguisher should be equipped in general places?

ABC dry powder fire extinguisher.

24

What does the ABC fire extinguisher mean?

A represents flammable solids, B represents flammable liquids and meltable solids, and C represents flammable gases (ABC Class fire extinguishers can extinguish these three types of fires).

25

How is the protection radius of a fire hydrant defined?

The protection radius of a fire hydrant is generally 30 meters (water hose length 20 meters + water column 10 meters)

　26

What are the fire-fighting facilities?

1 Fire extinguisher, ,

2 Fire hydrant,

3 Safety exit sign,

4 smoke sensor,

5 temperature sensor,

6 automatic sprinkler,

7 emergency lighting

8. Fire-proof roller shutters,

9. Emergency broadcast, etc.

　27

What is the function of smoke alarm

When the smoke reaches a certain level in the early stage of a fire, it will automatically alarm and transmit the signal to the fire control room.

28

What is the function of the automatic sprinkler head?

When the ambient temperature reaches 68 degrees, it will automatically spray water to extinguish the fire.

　29

What is the content of "One Understanding and Three Meetings"?

(1) Understand the fire hazards of this position.

(2) Can call the police, put out fires, and escape.

30

What are the contents of the three reminders?

(1) Prompt the fire risk of the place.

(2) Prompt the safe escape route and safe exit location of the location, and how to correctly escape and rescue yourself in case of fire and other emergencies.

(3) Prompt the specific placement and use methods of simple protective masks, fire extinguishers and other fire-fighting and escape equipment in the location.

　31

?What are the contents of the six strict prohibitions?

It is strictly prohibited to set off fireworks, it is strictly prohibited to use open flames in violation of regulations, it is strictly prohibited to block evacuation passages, and it is strictly prohibited to use safety exits Lock up, it is strictly forbidden to throw cigarette butts, and it is strictly forbidden to use high-power electrical appliances

　32

What are the basic fire safety knowledge that employees should be familiar with?

(1) Employees The responsibilities of this position and the risk of fire should be kept in mind;

(2) Fire disposal measures if found;

(3) The number and location of surrounding fire hydrants, fire extinguishers, and manual alarms;

(4) The location of the nearest safe evacuation passage.

33

How to put out a fire in electrical equipment?

When electrical equipment catches fire, you should immediately cut off the power supply to the equipment and then put out the fire.

34

How to extinguish a fire involving grease and oil?

Fire extinguishing methods that can effectively isolate oxygen should be sprayed with dry powder fire extinguishers or buried with sand.

35

What method will you use to extinguish the fire when the following situations occur?

(1) The vegetable oil in the pot catches fire when cooking? (Cover the pot lid) ;

(2) During the experiment, alcohol was spread on the table and burned? (Cover it with a wet rag);

(3) Books in the library caught fire? ( Use liquid carbon dioxide to extinguish fires)

36

Fires can be roughly divided into five categories

A. Ordinary fires are made of solid materials such as wood, paper, cotton, and cloth. Fires caused by substances.

B. Oil fires are fires caused by flammable liquids and solid greasy substances. Such as gasoline, kerosene, petroleum. Use iFire APP to realize intelligent patrols, ensure the quality of fire safety patrols, and discover safety hazards in a timely manner.

C. Gas fire, a fire caused by gas combustion and explosion. Such as: natural gas, gas, coal gas.

D. Metal fires: fires caused by potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium and water-forbidden substances. :For example: battery.

E. Electrical fire: Fire caused by electrical appliances catching fire, short circuit, leakage or ignition.

37

What is the ignition point?

The ignition point is also called the ignition point, which is the minimum temperature required for combustible substances to begin continuous combustion.

38

What items are not allowed to be brought into the oil depot (station)?

Matches, lighters and other flammable items are not allowed into the oil depot (station) , and it is forbidden to wear nail shoes.

39

Under what circumstances can smoking easily cause fire?

Smoking while lying on the bed or sofa;

Smoking in places where smoking is prohibited Smoking in places;

Littering around with unextinguished smoke points and matchsticks while repairing cars and cleaning parts.

40

What are the divisions of labor in the volunteer fire brigade?

There are fire-fighting groups, evacuation groups, rescue groups, equipment groups, and security groups.

　41

Briefly describe how to call the police in the event of a fire?

Dial 119 and explain the location of the fire, what items caught fire, and the intensity of the fire; send someone to the street Or guide fire trucks at the gate, etc.

　42

Basic definition of fire

Disasters caused by burning out of control in time and space.

43

Basic concepts of fire prevention

① Three necessary conditions for the formation of fire: combustibles and air. source of fire.

②Methods commonly used to fight fires: suffocation "isolate air", cooling "lower temperature", isolation "remove combustibles".

44

Firefighting self-rescue knowledge and fire escape methods

First: Be familiar with the environment and stay calm in the face of danger. Everyone should be familiar with the structure and escape routes of the building where they work, study or live; but when they are in unfamiliar environments, such as staying in hotels, shopping malls, and entertainment venues, for their own safety, Be sure to pay attention to evacuation passages, safety exits, and staircase directions, etc., so that you can escape from the fire as soon as possible at critical moments.

Second: Stay calm, know the direction, and evacuate quickly. When encountering a fire, you must first force yourself to stay calm, and never blindly follow the flow of people, crowd each other, or rush into each other. When evacuating, be careful and run toward a bright place or an open area outside. Try to run below the floor. "But not the basement." If the passage has been blocked by fireworks, you should leave in the direction of the fireworks and lead to the outdoors through balconies, transoms, etc. escape.

Third: Don’t go into danger and don’t be greedy for money. In a fire scene, human life is the most important thing. Don't waste your precious escape time on getting dressed or looking for and carrying valuables because you are shy or careless about valuables. People who have escaped from the fire must not return to the dangerous area.

Fourth: Simple protection, cover your nose and crawl forward. When escaping from a fire, if there is heavy smoke, you can use a towel or mask to cover your mouth and nose, and crawl to evacuate to prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation. In addition, you can also pour cold water on your head and body or wrap your head and body with a wet towel, wet quilt, or wet blanket before rushing out.

Fifth: Make good use of the passages and do not enter the elevator. Standard buildings will have more than two escape stairs, passages or safety exits. In the event of a fire, you should choose to enter a relatively safe stairway according to the situation. Be sure to remember that when there is a fire in a high-rise building, do not take an ordinary elevator.

Sixth: Stay at the refuge and wait for help. If you touch the door and it feels hot, then once you open the door, flames and smoke will inevitably hit you. At this time, you should first close the doors and windows facing the fire, open the doors and windows facing away from the fire, plug the door gaps with wet towels, wet cloths, etc., or soak the quilts with water, cover the doors and windows, and then keep drenching the room with water to prevent fireworks. Infiltrate, secure the room, and wait for rescue to arrive.

Seventh: Send signals and seek rescue and assistance. When surrounded by fireworks, try to stay on balconies, windows and other places where you can be easily spotted. It is convenient for firefighters to search and rescue.

Eighth: Do not run away when the fire has reached you. If you find yourself on fire at the fire scene, running away and slapping with your hands will only create wind, accelerate oxygen replenishment, and promote the fire. The correct approach is to quickly take off your clothes or roll on the spot to put out the flames. It is more effective if you can jump into the water in time or have someone pour water on you.

Ninth: Escape slowly and slide the rope to save yourself. After a fire breaks out in a high-rise or multi-storey building, you can quickly use the ropes or sheets, curtains, clothes, etc. around you to make a simple lifeline, wet it with water, and slide along the rope from the window sill or balcony to the floor below or the ground to escape. Even if you jump from a building, you must jump on a life-saving air cushion prepared by firefighters or below the 4th floor before considering jumping from a building. Also pay attention to choosing a pool, soft awning, grass, etc. to jump from. If possible, try to hold some soft items such as quilts and sofa cushions or open a large umbrella and jump out. Although you can survive by jumping off a building, it will cause some damage to your body, so be careful. ;