Customs and Etiquette in Ancient Cultural Common Sense

1. Ancient cultural common sense, customs and etiquette lesson plans

Ancient cultural knowledge, customs and etiquette lesson plans 1. Ancient cultural customs

Ancient etiquette system

The so-called ancient etiquette covers a wide range, including political system, court code, offering sacrifices to gods, praying for good fortune in drought and flood, imperial examinations in schools, military campaigns, administrative divisions, building tombs, and even food, clothing, housing, transportation, weddings, funerals and manners. What is truly complete and systematic is the "Three Rites" of the Western Zhou Dynasty: Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji.

Ji Li: Ji Li is the crown of the Five Rites, which are mainly rituals to worship gods, earthly gods and ghosts. The main contents are as follows: (1) Sacrifice to God: Haotian God; Sacrifice the sun, moon and stars; Sacrifice middle school, life and rain teacher. (2) Only offering sacrifices to the land: offering sacrifices to the country, five emperors and five mountains; Sacrifice to the mountains and rivers; Sacrifice everything in the four directions, that is, small gods. (3) offering sacrifices to ghosts: offering sacrifices to the first king and ancestors; Du offered sacrifices to the first king and ancestors; Spring temple, autumn flavor, enjoy the ancestors of the ancestors.

Family gift: Family gift is the etiquette of harmonious interpersonal relationship and communication. The main contents of the gift are: the gift of diet; Wedding and coronation ceremonies; Guest shooting ceremony; Yan Yan's gift; Gifts; He Qingzhi's gift.

Li Bin: Li Bin is a gift for guests.

Military salute: Military salute is a ceremony for the division and brigade to perform conquest.

Fierce ceremony: Fierce ceremony is a kind of mourning and mourning ceremony. The contents of the intense ceremony include: mourning for death with funeral; Mourn evil letters with famine rites; Mourn the disaster with a condolence ceremony; Surround failure with ceremonial mourning; Sad and confused with a t-shirt

Yan Li: Yan Li is huge, and it emphasizes etiquette, not diet. Li Yan has certain etiquette norms, but the focus is on eating and drinking. Banquets in the Ming Dynasty are divided into big banquets, middle banquets, regular banquets and small banquets. The day after the Great Festival of Heaven and Earth, Zheng Dan, winter solstice and Wanshou Festival are all big feasts. There are nine banquets for wine, seven banquets for lunch and three or five banquets.

Coronation ceremony: Coronation ceremony is an adult ceremony, and it is a etiquette to crown men who have entered the adult ranks.

Gift: Men are crowned at the age of twenty, and women are crowned at the age of fifteen. Women/kloc-married at the age of 0/5 should also take the word "zi". To tie your hair is to comb it into a bun and wear it on your head to distinguish it from your childhood hairstyle. The ceremony began with the coronation, which was held in the palace and the emperor came in person. Congratulations and words are also applicable to men's crowns. After the ceremony, the princess visited your father and listened to the sermon.

Sacrifice: there is a difference between the army going out, the emperor's personal expedition and the order to go out. Before the army went out to war, there were many sacrificial activities, mainly offering sacrifices to heaven, land, temples and military gods. Sacrificing to heaven before going out is called class sacrifice; Before the expedition, the place of sacrifice was called a house.

Swearing: After the sacrificial ceremony, the troops going out have a swearing-in ceremony, which generally tells the soldiers the purpose and significance of going out, exposes the evil of the enemy, and emphasizes discipline and style.

Triumph: The army returned in triumph, which is called "Triumph". The emperor will personally lead hundreds of officials out of the city to meet them in the suburbs to show comfort. Sometimes ministers are sent out of the city to meet them, which is called "suburban service". After the victory of the army, it is necessary to complain to the ancestors of heaven and earth in the ancestral temple and ancestral society, and present the gift of winning the prisoners, that is, to report the victory and present the spoils obtained by halogen.

There are four kinds of shooting ceremonies. First, the big shooting, that is, the shooting sacrifice held by the emperor and the princes who chose to participate in the sacrifice before the sacrifice; The second is guest shooting, which is a shooting ceremony held when the princes meet with the emperor or princes; The third is to shoot a swallow, which is a swallow-shooting ceremony held on the usual day of shooting a swallow; The fourth is rural shooting, which is a shooting ceremony held by local officials to recommend sages and scholars; There are often Yan drinks before and after the shooting ceremony, and the shooting ceremony in rural areas is often held at the same time as the drinking ceremony in rural areas

Rural drinking ceremony is a ceremony to respect the virtuous and the elderly. Rural drinking ceremony has four meanings: first, selecting talents; The second is to respect the elderly; The third is rural shooting, that is, the governor is used to shooting and drinking; Fourth, Dr. Qing entertained sages in middle school.

2. China ancient customs and etiquette.

Etiquette is etiquette and ceremony.

In ancient China, there was a saying of "Five Rites", in which the sacrificial ceremony was auspicious, the wedding ceremony was a ceremony, the guest ceremony was a guest ceremony, the military ceremony was a military ceremony, and the funeral ceremony was a fierce ceremony. According to folklore, etiquette includes four kinds of life etiquette: birth, coronation, wedding and funeral.

Actually, etiquette can be divided into politics and life. Politics includes offering sacrifices to heaven, land, ancestral temples, sages of teachers, drinking ceremony in the hometown of respecting teachers, meeting ceremony, military ceremony and so on.

Xunzi believes that the origin of life etiquette is "three books", that is, "the foundation of heaven and earth", "the foundation of ancestors" and "the root cause of teachers" In etiquette, the funeral is the earliest.

Funeral for the dead is to appease their ghosts, and for the living, respecting the old and loving the young, filial piety and virtue have become a kind of etiquette. In the process of the establishment and implementation of etiquette, the patriarchal clan system in China (see the patriarchal clan system in China) was born. The essence of etiquette is the way to govern people, and it is a derivative of the belief in ghosts and gods.

People think that everything is manipulated by invisible ghosts and gods, and performing etiquette is to please ghosts and gods to get happiness. Therefore, etiquette originated from the belief in ghosts and gods, and it is also a special embodiment of the belief in ghosts and gods.

The appearance of "Three Rites" (Yili, Li Ji and Zhou Li) marks the mature stage of etiquette development. In the Song Dynasty, etiquette was combined with feudal ethics and moral preaching, that is, etiquette and ethics were confused and became one of the effective tools to promote ethics.

Salute serves to persuade morality, and red tape makes full use of it. It was not until modern times that the etiquette was truly reformed. Both the etiquette of national political life and the etiquette of people's life became the new content of the theory of no ghosts, thus becoming the etiquette of modern civilization.

Ancient political etiquette (1) offered sacrifices to heaven. Worship to heaven, which began in the Zhou Dynasty, is also called suburban worship. On the day of winter solstice, it was held in the southern suburbs of the capital.

The ancients first paid attention to the worship of entities, and the worship of heaven was also reflected in the worship of the sun, the moon and the stars. All these specific worship, after reaching a certain number, are abstracted as worship of heaven.

The worship of heaven in Zhou Dynasty developed from the worship of "emperor" in Yin Dynasty. The supreme ruler is the son of heaven, and offering sacrifices to heaven serves the supreme ruler. Therefore, the prevalence of worship of heaven did not come to an end until the Qing Dynasty. 2 worship the ground.

The solstice in summer is the day of offering sacrifices to the earth, and the etiquette is roughly the same as that of offering sacrifices to heaven. In the Han Dynasty, the Earth God was called Mother, and she was the goddess who blessed mankind, also known as the country God.

The earliest place of sacrifice was blood sacrifice. After the Han Dynasty, Feng Shui belief prevailed.

The rituals of offering sacrifices to the land include offering sacrifices to mountains and rivers, offering sacrifices to the land gods, the valley gods and the country. (3) ancestral hall.

The ancestral temple system is the product of ancestor worship. Ancestral temple is a place where people set up for the deceased before his death.

The ancestral temple system consists of seven temples for emperors, five temples for princes, three temples for doctors and one temple for scholars. Temples are not allowed in Shu Ren.

The ancestral temple, the emperor and the vassal are located on the left side of the door, and the doctor sleeps on the left and right sides of the temple. The common people set the ancestral hall next to the kitchen hall of the dormitory.

When offering sacrifices, choose a corpse. Bodies are usually served by grandchildren.

The god in the temple is a wooden cuboid, which is only placed when offering sacrifices. Sacrifices cannot be called by their first names. There are nine worships when offering sacrifices: kowtowing, nodding, emptiness, vibration, auspiciousness, fierceness, strangeness, praise and worship.

The ancestral hall also offered sacrifices to the first generation of emperors. The Book of Rites Quli stipulates that all the ancestors who made contributions to the people, such as Yao, Shun, Yu, Huangdi, King Wen, should make sacrifices. Since the Han Dynasty, people began to build cemeteries and shrines to offer sacrifices to the previous emperors.

On the other hand, Ming Taizu established an imperial temple in Kyoto. During the Jiajing period, the Emperor Temple was built in Fuchengmen, Beijing, to worship the first king and the 36th emperor.

(4) offering sacrifices to sages. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, the Duke of Zhou was a saint and Confucius was a teacher. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius was the sage and Yan Hui was the teacher.

After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the ceremony of "releasing wine" has always been a ritual of learning and a ritual of offering sacrifices to Confucius. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, wine-releasing ceremonies were held twice a year in the spring and autumn, and Confucius and Yan temples were also set up in county schools all over the country.

In the Ming Dynasty, Confucius was called "the most holy teacher". In the Qing Dynasty, Shengjing (Shenyang, Liaoning Province) established the Confucius Temple. After making Beijing its capital, imperial academy, the capital of Beijing, was elected as imperial academy and set up a Confucian Temple. Confucius called it "the forerunner from Dacheng to Wenshengxuan".

Qufu's temple system, sacrificial vessels, musical instruments and etiquette are all based on Beijing imperial academy. Rural drinking ceremony is the product of offering sacrifices to sages.

⑤ Meeting ceremony. When subordinates meet their superiors, they should pay their respects to each other, and officials should also pay their respects to each other. When they meet, Volkswagen, Marquis and Ma Xu should pay tribute twice. The subordinates face west first, and the superiors face east first.

When civilians meet, the young and the old salute, and the young salute. Say goodbye to the four foreign worshippers and pay homage nearby.

⑥ Military salute. Including conquest, taxation, hunting, construction, etc.

Ancient life etiquette ① birthday ceremony. From a woman's seeking for a child when she is not pregnant to a baby's first birthday, all etiquette revolves around the theme of a long life.

Shu Gao's sacrifice is begging etiquette. At this time, an altar was set up in the southern suburbs, and all the empresses participated.

During the Han and Wei Dynasties, Gao Qi offered sacrifices. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, a ceremony was made to worship Gao Qi. During the Jin Dynasty, Gao Qi offered sacrifices to Di Qing, and built a wooden square platform in the north of Yong 'anmen in the east of the imperial city. Gao Qi was placed under this platform. There was no sacrifice by Gao Qi in the Qing Dynasty, but there was a ceremony of "changing ropes" with the same meaning.

Birthday ceremonies have a preference for sons over daughters since ancient times. Birthday ceremonies also include "Three Dynasties", "Full Moon", "Hundred Days" and "One Year".

"Three Dynasties" is three days after the baby was born. The "full moon" shaves the fetal hair when the baby is one month old.

In the "Hundred Days" ceremony, the uncle was recognized and named. When you are "one year old", you should grasp the rites of the week and predict the fate and career of your child.

Adult ceremony, also known as coronation ceremony, is a coronation ceremony when men enter adulthood. The coronation ceremony evolved from the adult ceremony attended by young men and women who were popular in clan society at maturity.

The Han dynasty followed the crown ceremony system of the Zhou dynasty. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Jia Guan began to accompany with music.

Crown ceremony was practiced in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Many ethnic minority areas in China still have ancient adult rituals, such as pulling teeth, dyeing teeth, wearing skirts, trousers and tying a bun.

(3) Strict food etiquette. Dining is held in the ancestral temple, and the cooking is too firm to drink guests. The emphasis is on etiquette rather than diet. Yan is a banquet, the ceremony is held in the bedroom, and guests and friends can enjoy drinking.

Yan Li has a profound influence on the formation of China's food culture. Festive banquets have formed festive food etiquette in China's folk food customs.

Eating Yuanxiao on the 15th day of the first month, cold rice and vegetables in Tomb-Sweeping Day, zongzi and realgar wine in Duanyang in May, moon cakes and laba porridge in Mid-Autumn Festival, and making friends to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new are all festive ceremonies. Eating certain foods on some festivals is also a kind of eating etiquette.

At the party.

3. Common sense of etiquette and customs in ancient culture

Three obedience and four virtues, three cardinal guides and five permanent members

Feudal society forced women to abide by the moral standards of three obedience and four virtues. Three obedience: don't marry from the father, marry from the husband, and the husband dies from the child. Four virtues: female virtue, female speech, female appearance and female merit. Three cardinal guides and five permanents are the moral norms between people advocated by feudal society in China. The three cardinal guides refer to the monarch as a minister, the father as a son, the husband as a wife, and the five permanent members refer to benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith.

Seal ceremony or meditation ceremony

The ceremony of sealing an official is an honorary ceremony for the officials with titles and their families in feudal times. Closure of Zen is an ancient ritual to worship heaven and earth. Generally, the emperor personally held it on Mount Tai, where he built earth to worship heaven and reported the merits of the son of heaven, which was called sealing; At the foot of Mount Tai, Fu Liangshan opened up a field to pay homage to the land, which is called Zen.

taboo

It means that whenever the names of the king and the elders are literally the same, in order to avoid saying them directly, homonyms or lack of pens are used to avoid them. The names of the emperor and Confucius are taboo, which is called public taboo. Avoid family, father, ancestors and tell family secrets.

North, South and East

Ancient monarchs sat in the south, and courtiers worshipped the north, so the king called it south and courtiers called it north. For example, "sitting in a room, the east is respectful, the south is second, the north is humble, and the west is the lowest."

Sit, kneel, squat and dust.

Sit with your knees on the ground and your hips on your heels; As a kneeling person, it is urgent to express apology and respect; Kneeling, ready to get up, but the knees do not leave the ground, for squatting, also known as long kneeling, is frightened and hunched; Hips on the ground, legs straight, shaped like a dustpan, called a dustpan, indicating an arrogant attitude.

wedding

When a woman marries, she is called "back", when she goes home, she is called mothering, and when she is abandoned by her husband's family, she is called repatriation. Ancient marriage went through six procedures, called "Six Rites". When a wedding is held, the couple will pay their respects in a green cloth tent called Lu Qing.

Funeral and sacrificial ceremonies

The death of the emperor is called "collapse", the death of princes is called "Qi", the death of doctors is called "pawn", the death of scholars is called "Lu" and the death of others is called "death". There are coffins in ancient funerals (outside coffins). The coffin containing the corpse is called "coffin", the burial of the deceased in the coffin is called "mourning", the coffin is called "mourning" and the coffin burial is called "burial". In the funeral, according to the relationship between relatives and friends, there are five kinds of mourning clothes, such as "broken decline" and "mourning together", which were also collectively called "mourning" in ancient times. The emperor worshipped seven generations of ancestors and sacrificed with the three supervisors; Five princes' temples and a prison; Doctors have three temples, so use less prison. To be a farewell dinner, you should sacrifice to the road god and call it "Zu"; Spilling wine on the ground is called "Zhu".

A courtesy visit/ruin/visit

The ancients divided worship into nine types. The most important thing is "kowtowing": kneeling on the ground and holding your head on the ground for a long time is a gift for ministers to serve you. Nod your head and knock on the ground. At the same time, you should look abnormal and lose your voice. Use it only when you are in a hurry to ask for help. "Su Bai" is the lightest, just handing, similar to the current bow. "Farewell" is to worship twice, which means that the ceremony is grand and sometimes used as a tribute.

Bleeding and disturbing the clock

The ancients made an alliance, and both sides had blood in their mouths or put it on their mouths to show their vows, which was called saving blood. Important vessels, such as bells and drums, are made, killing people or killing people as sacrifices, and painting their own blood on them to show sincere respect, which is called "trouble".

4. Common sense of ancient culture

3. Modesty and respect

Steal: settle, settle.

Boldly: Offensively and boldly.

Meng: Thank you.

Please allow me, please let me.

Driving for nothing: Thanks for your help.

Grant: It means that the other party has given benefits.

Imperial examination officials

After the provincial examination (the applicant's name is "Juren" and the name is "Xie Yuan")

Examination (the candidate's name is "Gong Sheng" and the name is "Hui Yuan")

Court examination (the examinee is named "Jinshi", the first one is named "No.1 scholar", the second one is named "No.1 scholar" and the third one is named "Exploring Flowers".

Worship: to grant an official position.

Except: old posts are deleted from new posts.

Out: as.

Promotion: promotion of official position.

Transfer: transfer official position for promotion.

G: abolish official positions.

Strike: recall and suspension.

Exemption: Exemption from official position.

Destroy: depose, demote.

Chen: Demoted and transferred far away.

Decision: removal from office.

Remove or depose.

Retirement: (1) Revocation or demotion of official position; (2) Resign yourself.

Reject: screen out.

Go: leave your post and be transferred.

Move to the left: reduce official transfer.

"Promotion and selection.

Grant: seal of official position.

What are nine nobles and three publics?

Both Qinghe Palace are official names. According to historical records, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, both the Zhou Dynasty and the governors had ministers, which were divided into upper, middle and lower levels. During the Warring States period, many countries used it. Shang Qing was the highest official position at that time.

The theory of "Jiuqing" began in Qin and Han Dynasties, and refers to nine official positions: Taichang, Guangluxun, Wei, Tingwei, Taifu, Dahonglu, Zong Zheng, Dasinong and Shaofu.

Specifically, Tai Chang is responsible for the sacrificial ceremony and etiquette of the ancestral temple; Guang Luxun is in charge of the guards and guards of the imperial court; Wei Wei is responsible for guarding the palace gate; The courtiers were in charge of the emperor's chariots and horses; Ting Wei is the highest judicial official, in charge of prisons and trial of cases. Dahonglu, also known as Dianke or Dahongling, is responsible for foreign affairs and ethnic affairs; Zong Zheng is responsible for the management of royal and clan affairs; Dasinong, also known as the internal history of millet management or agricultural order, is in charge of grain, goods, taxes, taxes, finance and so on. Shaofu is in charge of the tax revenue of Shanhai pond and supports the emperor. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a young lady under the Qing Dynasty, which was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.

The theory of "three publics" also began very early. Sima, Situ and Xi 'an were the three publics in the Zhou Dynasty, and the Prime Minister (Da Situ), Qiu (Da Sima) and Tai Yi (Da) were the three publics in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the names had changed, referring to Qiu, Situ and Sima respectively. The three fairs, also known as the "three divisions", are responsible for both military and political affairs.

5. Etiquette of ancient civilization

Jiubai: A unique bow ceremony in ancient China to show high respect for each other.

Zhou Li refers to "Nine Worshipments": "First, kowtow, second, nod, third, emptiness, fourth, vibration, fifth, auspicious worship, sixth, fierce worship, seventh, strange worship, eighth, praise and ninth, Subai." This is the prescribed etiquette used by social members of different ranks and identities on different occasions.

1. kotow: the most solemn of the nine worships. Zheng Xuan commented on Zhou Li: "Take a bow and bow down to the ground."

Jia sparse: "Keep your head on the ground for a long time, ... worship is the most important. I worship you. "

When saluting, the giver kneels on his knees, presses his left hand with his right hand, surrenders to the ground, and slowly lowers his head to the ground. You must stay on the ground for a period of time with your hands in front of your knees and your head behind your hands.

Courtiers often use it when they visit the king. Later, sons worshipped their father, heaven and God, and newlyweds worshipped their parents, ancestors, temples, teachers and graves, and so on.

2. Sudden nod: one of the "Nine Worship", commonly known as kowtow. When saluting, I got up as soon as I landed on my head.

Because its head touches the ground for a short time, it is called nodding. It is usually used to pay tribute to superiors and colleagues, such as greetings and farewells between bureaucrats and greetings, visits and farewells between people.

It is also often used at the beginning or end of a letter, such as Qiu Chi's book to Chen Bo: "Start later. General Chen was safe and sound, but fortunately ... Qiu Chi nodded.

3. Bears: one of the "Nine Worship", an ancient etiquette, also known as "hand worship". Zheng Xuan notes "Zhou Li": "Short, bow in hand, so-called bow in hand."

Jia Shu said, "Bears should arch their hands on the ground first, from head to hand, for the purpose of being bears. Because its head has not reached the ground, its name is empty. "

That is, the body is kneeling, the hands are arched to the ground, and then the head is so low that the hands do not touch the ground. The so-called "emptiness" means that the hands are arched together, the head is bent to the level of the hand and the heart, and the head does not kowtow in the air, which is the reply of the elders to "kowtow".

In ancient times, the ceremony of "kowtowing" and "nodding" was preceded by the ceremony of "short position". For example, "Shangshu Yiji" records: "Hao Tao bowed his head." Since the popularity of stools and chairs in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, "short" has evolved into a form of devoting to ceremony.

The above three kinds of etiquette belong to "worship of auspicious events". The following "vibration", "auspicious worship" and "fierce worship" are all "fierce worship"

4. Vibration: Vibration is the most solemn bowing etiquette in the funeral. Zheng Xuan notes "Zhou Li": "Move, read as Dong, and book as Dong.

Shake Dong and hit him with both hands. ..... shake, tremble and worship change. "

This form of etiquette should not only "nod", but also hit each other with both hands, crying and shaking all over, expressing grief and condolences to the deceased. 5. Bai Ji: In ancient times, there was a custom of mourning for three years. After three years, I would meet my bereaved family and hold a "Bai Ji" ceremony.

Zheng Xuan's note: "Bai Ji, worship before you judge." In other words, first "empty your head" and then "nod your head".

6. Worship: Worship is a courtesy to answer guests when mourning. Zheng Xuan's note: "Worship fiercely, remember and then worship, that is, serve for three years."

Talking about Bows in the Book of Rites: "Confucius said,' After worshipping, I will look at it and follow it. See you later. See you later.

After three years of mourning, I will follow. This form of etiquette is to bow first, and then bow empty.

During the three-year mourning period, the mourner thanked the guests as a gift to show grief and gratitude. 7. Leitian: Leitian is singular, and "Leitian" means to worship once.

8. Praise: Zheng Xuan noticed that this etiquette recorded in Zhou Li said: "Praise reading is to report, report worship, and worship again." Praise and worship mean worshiping twice or more.

Both strange sacrifice and praise sacrifice refer to the number of sacrifices, rather than independent forms of sacrifices, reflecting the solemnity or seriousness of sacrifices. 9. Subei: Subei is a respectful meeting etiquette.

"Zuo Zhuan Cheng Gong Sixteen Years": "Dare to kill the messenger." Du Pre-note in the Western Jin Dynasty: "Su, if you reach the ground with your hands, you can give more ancient gifts: family sacrifice: the ritual of the ancients offering sacrifices to their ancestors or householders in their temples.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a special person to formulate family ritual, and they walked with each other. There are two lines in Lu You's poem "Showing the Son" in the Song Dynasty: "Wang Shibei decided on the Central Plains and Japan, and he never forgets the family sacrifice."

Ceremony: the ceremony of ancient emperors coming to Korea. According to the regulations, the emperor faces south, the three fairs face northeast, the doctor faces northwest, the royal family faces southeast on the right side of the road gate, and the subordinate officials of the big servant face southwest on the left side of the road gate.

The courtier's position has been set, and the Emperor and courtier bowed out after the ceremony. Later generations also called the etiquette of courting the monarch "offering courtesy."

Courtship: one of the gifts of ancient guests. The ritual system in which princes regularly appear before the emperor.

There are three forms for princes to welcome the emperor: sending doctors to welcome the emperor every year, which is called "small employment"; Every three years, the Qing dynasty was sent to see the emperor as a "big hire"; Appear before the emperor in person every five years, which is "Chao". Hajj: one of the gifts of ancient guests.

The ritual system of Zhou Dynasty governors appearing before the emperor. The princes appeared before the emperor, "seeing the dynasty in spring and making pilgrimage in autumn", which was a routine appearance.

Appearing in front of the emperor in the Spring and Autumn Period is called pilgrimage. Give way: refers to the etiquette of meeting the host and guest in ancient times.

There are three kinds of ceremonies according to the level, which are called "three ceremonies": one is "earth ceremony", which is specially used for different surnames without marriage relationship, and the hand is pushed down slightly when saluting; The second is "saving time", which is specially used for married people with different surnames. When saluting, push your hands flat and reach forward; The third is Yi Tian, which is specially used for guests with the same surname. When saluting, the hand is pushed up slightly. Finger meditation gives way to people who are more talented than themselves.

6. How to write small class writing habits and etiquette lesson plans?

Kindergarten teaching plan: Address Teacher Song: Teacher Qu Activity goal: 1, memorize the names of elders and understand the relationship between these elders and themselves.

2. Share your speech experience with your partner. 3. Know how to greet your elders politely.

Activity preparation: teaching wall chart 60-6 activity flow: first talk about life experience and get a preliminary understanding of the meaning of address. 1. Who are the children's families? What do they call it? 2. Get to know the different names of elders. The teacher asked individual children to communicate with you and share their experiences in addressing their elders. Summary: What the child said is the address of the elders in the family. Address is a polite address to others. Second, learn the nursery rhyme Address Song 1. Children listen to nursery rhymes.

Teacher: Please listen carefully. What are the names in children's songs? 2. Children's understanding of the appellations in children's songs Teacher: Have you all heard of these appellations? What does it mean to know, and who is it called? 3. Children discuss their understanding of appellations and know the relationship between these appellations and themselves. 4. Children can look at the teacher's picture tips twice before learning children's songs, and then try to recite them twice independently.

Third, children's games: see who said 1, teachers and children play games to consolidate the understanding of the address. Children play in pairs with their peers. 4. Expand children's experience in addressing.

What other names are there in our lives? Who should I call? More excellent lesson plans are in: Teacher Qu's lesson plan network.

7. What are the ancient customs and etiquette?

Common sense of ancient customs and etiquette

1. Spring Festival: This festival is the first in a year. The ancients also called Yuanri, New Year's Day, Jacky, Spring Festival and Xinzheng. On the one hand, the custom of the Spring Festival is to celebrate the past year, on the other hand, it is to wish a happy New Year, a bumper harvest of crops and prosperity of people and animals, which are mostly related to farming.

2. Lantern Festival: also known as the first half of the first month, Shangyuan Festival and Lantern Festival. The custom of Lantern Festival includes watching lanterns and playing drums in the New Year to welcome Ce Shen and solve riddles on the lanterns. The custom of eating Yuanxiao began in the Song Dynasty.

3. Cold food: No fireworks, only cold food.

4. Qingming: Its customs include sweeping graves, hiking, swinging, flying kites, inserting willows and wearing flowers.

5. Dragon Boat Festival: also known as Duanyang, Chongwu and Chongwu. It is generally believed that this festival is related to the commemoration of Qu Yuan. The customs of the Dragon Boat Festival include drinking realgar wine, hanging sachets, eating zongzi, arranging calamus flowers, beating herbs and expelling the "five poisons".

6. Jojo: Also known as Girls' Day or Chinese Valentine's Day. Every year on the evening of the seventh day of July, women will set up incense tables and thread needles and beg the Weaver Maid in the sky for the skill of weaving and embroidering.

7. Mid-Autumn Festival: also known as the Reunion Festival. There are customs of appreciating and offering sacrifices to the moon.

8. Chongyang: There are customs such as climbing high and looking far, appreciating chrysanthemums and making poems, drinking chrysanthemum wine and inserting dogwood.

9. New Year's Eve: Lunar New Year's Eve1On the evening of February 30th, the whole family got together to have a "New Year's Eve". This night, everyone stayed up all night, which is called "Shousui". At zero o'clock, a fire broke out in front of the court. At the time of the "three yuan" of "year yuan, month yuan and time yuan", three "celestial cannons" were released first in order to develop first and prosper.

10. Uncle (Meng) and Uncle Zhong: the ranking order of younger brothers. Bo (Meng) is the eldest, Zhong is the second, Uncle is the third and Ji is the fourth.

1 1. Zodiac: Also called Zodiac. Ancient astrologers used twelve kinds of animals to match the twelve earthly branches. Zi is a mouse, ugly is a cow, Yin is a tiger, Mao is a rabbit, Chen is a dragon, snake is a horse, noon is not a sheep, Shen is a monkey, you is a chicken, a dog is a dog, and Hai is a pig.

12. Birthday: The year, month, day and hour of a person's birth have their own heavenly stems and earthly branches, each with two words and four * * * characters. According to these eight words, we can calculate a person's fate. In case of major events, eight characters need to be calculated.

13. kowtow: it was one of the "nine worships" in ancient times, commonly known as kowtow. Usually used to pay tribute to junior officers and peers.

14. kotow: the ancient sacrificial ceremony was one of the "Nine Worships". This is the most solemn ceremony among the nine worshippers, and it is often used by courtiers when they meet the king.

15. coronation ceremony: the coronation ceremony of ancient men when they reached adulthood (20 years old). Because men are crowned at the age of 20, future generations will call it a "weak crown."

16. The goodness of Qin and Jin Dynasties: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch of Qin Jin intermarried for several generations, and later called the marriage of two surnames "the goodness of Qin and Jin Dynasties".

17. Naming: The ancients had many nicknames for "death", mainly including:

(1) The names of the deaths of the son of heaven, the queen mother and the official are Yi, Beng, Centennial,, Shanling Beng, etc.

(2) The names of parents' death are: no back, loneliness, giving up, etc.

(3) The death names of Buddhists and Taoists are: Nirvana, Death, Sitting, Feather, Immortality and Death. "Death" is now also used to refer to the death of a respected person.

(4) The names of ordinary people's deaths are: death, long sleep, death, death, death, donation of life, death, death, old age, death and so on.