Summary of development and operation management of pumping stations abroad?

With the rapid development of the world economy, the strategic position of water resources is becoming more and more important, and the efficient utilization and effective management of water resources are paid more and more attention by governments all over the world. The international freshwater conference with the theme of "water-the key to sustainable development" was held in Bonn, Germany on February 3, 2002. Countries all over the world have successively issued policies such as water resources dispatching and comprehensive utilization, soil and water conservation, optimizing water use according to use, and desalination, in order to solve the increasingly serious water crisis.

As the only artificial water source and an important engineering measure, pumping station plays an irreplaceable role in the rational dispatch and management of water resources. At the same time, pumping stations play an important role in flood control, drainage, drought resistance and disaster reduction, industrial and agricultural water supply and domestic water supply for urban and rural residents. In addition, the pumping station is a big energy consumer, and energy saving is as important as water saving. Therefore, the economic operation and optimal management of pumping stations are particularly important.

Development of foreign 1 pumping station projects

Pumping station is one of the effective engineering measures to solve the three major water resources problems: flood disaster, drought and water shortage and water environment deterioration. They are responsible for regional flood control, waterlogging elimination, irrigation, water transfer and water supply, mainly used for farmland irrigation and drainage, urban water supply and drainage and inter-basin water transfer. Different from other water conservancy structures, the pumping station does not need to build water retaining and diversion structures, which has no impact on resources and environment, and is less affected by water sources, topography, geology and other conditions. It has the advantages of saving investment, low cost, short construction period, quick effect and flexibility. However, the operation of pumping stations consumes energy and the cost of equipment maintenance and updating is high. Nevertheless, many countries still give priority to the construction of pumping stations. Especially in the Netherlands, Japan, the former Soviet Union and the United States, their development speed is faster, their technology is more advanced, their management is more perfect, and there are many places worth learning from.

1. 1 Dutch pump station project development

The Netherlands is a low-lying country, and about a quarter of its land area is below sea level. Historically, it is famous for building dikes, draining water and reclaiming land from the sea. In addition, some areas have reclaimed marshes, so the drainage problem is very prominent. In order to solve these contradictions, the Dutch government has built many large drainage pumping stations and increased the land area of about 600,000 hectares through reclamation. Dutch drainage pumping station is characterized by low lift and large flow. For example, the Aimaotun drainage pumping station built in 1973 has a maximum lift of only 2.3m, a single machine flow of 37.5m3/s and a total drainage capacity of 150 m3/s, which may be expanded to 350 ~ 400m3/s in the future.

At present, there are more than 600 large-scale pumping stations in the Netherlands, and more than 2,400 large-scale water pump units with a diameter of 1.2m have been installed (Dutch pumps have a high speed and a diameter of 1.2m, which is equivalent to large-scale water pumps with a diameter of 1.8m in China). The number of pumping stations and large pumps is more than three times that in China.

In terms of pump design and equipment matching, there are world-famous experts in hydraulic machinery in the Netherlands, who can carry out performance tests, water hammer calculations, model tests and so on. On the mechanical side, vibration calculation and measurement, performance and noise monitoring can be carried out. They also widely use computers, from computer-aided selection (CAS), computer-aided design (CAD) to computer-aided manufacturing (CAM); From hydraulic and structural optimization design to strict control of blade and guide vane processing, computers are used in the whole process, so that products are manufactured on the basis of highly advanced design and technology. The Netherlands pays more attention to the investment in scientific research, with strong scientific research force, complete research institutions and perfect facilities, and systematically studies the pump and its inlet and outlet channels. Perfect design and manufacture improve the performance index of the unit and increase the safety and stability of the pumping station operation.

1.2 Development Status of Pumping Station Projects in Japan

Japan is an island country, mostly mountainous and hilly, with less cultivated land per capita. In order to obtain the land area, Japan adopted a large-scale reclamation method and built several drainage pumping stations to solve the problem of drainage in waterlogged areas.

The formation and development of irrigation and drainage in Japan has always been related to the history of rice cultivation. Around the 3rd century BC, rice cultivation began in areas where irrigation was easy. Many simple canals and small ponds were built. Later, the level of agricultural productivity gradually improved, and farmland irrigation facilities gradually developed throughout the country.

/kloc-Around the 0/9th century, the development of paddy fields around the great river basin made progress, initially forming a scale of 3 million hm2 in Japan. 1868 After the Meiji Restoration, modern science and technology were combined with traditional Japanese paddy field agricultural technology, and Japanese irrigation and drainage facilities were widely built and continuously developed and improved.

1970 or so, there was a surplus of rice in Japan, and the government began to implement the policy of adjusting the agricultural industrial structure, and the construction of irrigation and drainage facilities was changed from paddy field to dry land. After 1990, with the gradual improvement of the drainage and irrigation facilities system, the construction of drainage facilities aimed at improving productivity was actively promoted with the swamp in the lower reaches of the river as the center.

At present, there are 1443 key water conservancy facilities such as reservoirs, canals, sluices and pumping stations invested by the state in Japan, and the total length of irrigation and drainage channels is 178 10km. There are 7,400 land consolidation areas in China, with a consolidation area of 3.4 million hm2.

At present, the irrigation and drainage industry in Japan has far exceeded the functions necessary for growing rice. Wherever we go, irrigation and drainage facilities are closely related to nature. They play an extremely important role in the ecological environment such as groundwater storage, flood control, pollution prevention and land management, and maintain and create the beautiful rural landscape and human culture in Japan.

Among many large-scale pumping stations in China, Xinchuan Estuary and Sanxiang Drainage Station are more representative. The Xinchuan Estuary Drainage Station * * * is equipped with six tubular pumps with a diameter of 4.2m, a lift of 2.6m, a single pump flow of 40 m3/s and a drainage benefit area of 300,000 mu. Sanxiang Drainage Station is equipped with a mixed-flow pump with a pump diameter of 4.6m, a single pump flow of 50 m3/s and a design lift of 6.3m.

1.3 Development Status of Pumping Station Project in the Former Soviet Union

The annual precipitation in the former Soviet Union is about 9043 billion m3, the river runoff is 4043 billion m3, and the annual per capita runoff is 27820m3. In addition, the annual inflow from abroad is 227 billion cubic meters, and the groundwater resources are 787.5 billion cubic meters/year. The former Soviet Union had a high degree of water resources development and a world-class level of water conservancy construction.

The construction of large pumping stations in the former Soviet Union is not only used for agricultural irrigation and drainage in plain areas, but also mainly used for high-lift channel water supply and inter-basin water transfer. For example, the cascade pumping stations and the North-South water transfer project have been built on the Moscow Canal, which will transport 20-25 billion cubic meters of water from the northern rivers to the Volga River basin. The large-scale water pump (axial flow pump) in the former Soviet Union has the characteristics of high speed, high lift and large flow, and its technical performance index level is relatively advanced. The structure of the water pump is relatively simple, and its transmission mode is generally directly connected with the motor, so the motor is huge, and the investment of the pumping station is correspondingly increased.

1.4 Development Status of Pumping Station Projects in America

Take the development of irrigation and drainage in the western United States as an example. 1902, the United States passed the irrigation bill and started the water conservancy construction in the western States of 17. After the Great Depression in the early 1930s, Franklin D.? Roosevelt put forward the "New Deal", taking the construction of public works with water conservancy facilities as one of the important means to stimulate the economy. A large number of comprehensive projects such as hydropower, flood control, irrigation and water transfer have been launched one after another, and the national water conservancy construction has reached an unprecedented climax. After nearly a hundred years' efforts, 345 reservoirs, 254 dams, 267 pumping stations, 265,438+6,000 km channels, 2,300 km water main pipes, 950 km tunnels and 58 hydropower stations have been built and managed. The construction and completion of these key water resources development and utilization projects have laid a solid foundation for the social and economic development of the western region and solved the problem of 3 1 10,000 population.

The United States has the largest pumping station in the world-Edmonston Pumping Station. It is located in the southern suburb of Bakersfield in the San Joaquin Valley in central California. It is one of the 22 large pumping stations on the main canal of the 864-kilometer North-South Water Transfer Project in California (to transport water from the main canal in northern California to southern California through the Tehachabi Mountains). Edmonton Pumping Station is equipped with 14 pumps, the flow rate of each pump is 9m3/s, the static lift to be provided is 587m (excluding pipeline loss), the efficiency is 92.2%, the rotation speed is 600r/m (the same as the motor), and the power of the supporting motor is 80,000 HP (nearly 60,000 kW). The total flow of the pumping station 125 m3/s, the total supporting power1120,000 horsepower, and the annual electricity consumption is about 6 billion kW? H the water pump is connected with four vertical shafts in series, with a height of 9.45 meters, a runner diameter of 4.88 meters and a weight of 220 tons. The water pump is directly connected with the motor, and the total height of the unit is nearly 20m, weighing 420 tons. In May, 195 1 year, the scheme of the project was demonstrated, and the scheme was finalized in May, 197 1 year, and the last three units were installed in September, 1984, with a total investment of about/kloc.

2 Operation, management and automation of foreign pumping stations

The operation and management of foreign pumping stations are highly automated and the monitoring system is perfect. In this way, it not only improves the safety, reliability and economy of pumping station operation, but also saves human resources, which provides a reliable basis for the maintenance of the project. Among them, the United States, Japan, Britain, the Netherlands and the former Soviet Union have a high degree of automation in the operation and management of pumping stations.

2. 1 Operation, management and automation of pumping stations in the western United States

The construction and management experience of water transfer project in the western United States shows that the centralized and unified dispatching of the system has many advantages.

(l) The California Water Transfer Project is managed and operated by the Ministry of Water Resources, and 1964 ~ 1974 has installed control systems including computers, communication and electronic equipment. The system can communicate, monitor, detect and dispatch 17 pumping station and power plant, 198 sluice gate with 7 1 control sluice gate and other equipment and facilities by computer.

In order to facilitate the control and application of the project, in addition to the central control room in Sacramento, sub-control centers have been set up in Lovel, Delta, St. Louis, San Joaquin and Southern California. The central control room is responsible for the management and coordination of all projects and serves as a backup for its control centers. The investment of the whole control system is $654.38+$03.5 million, of which the central control system is $2.6 million.

The central control system is mainly composed of computer system, CRT system, dispatching console, simulation screen, printing system and communication system. The simulation screen is 3 m high and 16 m long, with alarm device. In the event of an accident or abnormal situation, the alarm bell will automatically alarm.

(2) The central Arizona project, whose centralized control system is called program-controlled main monitoring system. The control system includes main control station (equipped with two advanced computers and software for online control and new program development), remote control terminal devices (located in pumping station, control building and water diversion), communication system, remote control terminal shielding room, standby power supply, gate control and sensors, pump station controller, etc. The management of water transfer project is not only the allocation of water quantity, but also the unified management of the total water resources (including groundwater, surface water and external water) in the region. ). For example, when pumping groundwater, it is generally stipulated that the over-exploitation amount should not exceed 10% of the exploitable amount, otherwise, artificial recharge should be carried out in time and incorporated into the water supply plan.

2.2 Japan Water Management and Pumping Station Engineering Automation

Almost all water management in Japan has been automated. Engineering facilities and automation equipment have definite service life, which is generally stipulated to be updated once every 10 ~ 20 years. Therefore, the water conservancy projects built in the 1960s and 1970s and the equipment installed were all reformed and expanded, and new computer systems were installed. The monitoring system mostly adopts the hierarchical and distributed structure of centralized management, that is, a central management station, various pumping stations, hydraulic structures and channels are set up on a water system. Centralized monitoring by computer and telemetering and remote control device can achieve the purpose of comprehensive utilization of water resources. Substations and central management stations communicate by radio, and some use national dedicated telephone lines. Most of the newly installed equipment in the 1970s and 1980s used microwave communication.

With the high density of CRT, the miniaturization and large capacity of auxiliary memory and the popularization and personalization of microcomputer, the monitoring equipment of water management system has greatly improved the automation level of the project.

Large pumping stations are easy to realize automation because of centralized equipment. For example, the Xinchuan River Estuary Drainage Station is equipped with six axial flow pumps with a lift of 2.6m and a single pump flow of 40m3/s. The pumps and other equipment in the station are operated remotely by the central control room. In order to ensure the stability of the water level in Xinchuan estuary within the design range, the control mechanism of automatically adjusting the installation angle of pump blades and automatically selecting the number of operating units is adopted, and the signal of opening the automatic drainage gate is sent according to the change of the water level difference between inside and outside. Other auxiliary equipment and automatic cleaning devices of the station are also operated by the central control room.

2.3 European Pumping Station Engineering Automation

(1) Automation of pumping irrigation area in Romania. 197 1 ~ 1978 British George? George Wenpi is from Orte, Romania? A set of computer-controlled automation system is designed in Kamazi Pumped Irrigation District. This irrigation area is the largest automatic irrigation area in Europe. It takes water from the Danube. The first-class pumping station adopts floating pump house, and five vertical axial flow pumps are installed, with a water lifting capacity of 36m3/s; Several vertical centrifugal pumps were installed in the secondary and tertiary pumping stations, and then sent to the field sprinkler irrigation system through 34 small pressurized pumping stations to irrigate 470,000 hm2 farmland.

(2) Automation of pumping stations in Holland, Austria and France. In Europe, pumping stations are highly automated. Some pumping stations in Holland and Austria have basically realized automatic monitoring. The automatic instruments used in Dutch pumping stations are mostly intelligent and very advanced, such as power meter, water level gauge, water level gauge and so on. It can automatically record itself for a long time, and the general data is not archived.

3. Management system and funding sources of foreign pumping station projects

Like other water conservancy projects, "there are laws to follow and laws to be followed" is the foundation and guarantee for the stable development of pumping station projects, and sufficient funds are the power source to ensure the normal and sustainable operation and effective management of pumping stations. Countries under different systems have different investment and management methods for pumping station projects, among which countries with relatively perfect management and investment systems are Japan, the Netherlands and the United States.

3. 1 Japan Pumping Station Project Management System and Sources of Funds

(1) Application for Construction of Drainage and Irrigation Facilities

Japan has achieved the goal of land improvement by building pumping stations and irrigation and drainage facilities. Within the scope of land improvement areas, more than 65,438+05 farmers who are qualified to participate in the business should apply for new projects that need state or county funding, agree and bear the costs. Reconstruction projects can be applied after the resolution of the General Assembly.

(2) Engineering construction management

The construction project management of new irrigation and drainage facilities and planning control projects is usually presided over by the land improvement district, village (city, town) government, county (capital, road and government) government or state government according to the scale and technical complexity of the projects, and is divided into group-operated enterprises (land improvement district or city, town and village projects) or public enterprises (county and state projects). They are listed in the Land Reform Law, the Land Reform Law and the Land Reform Law.

(3) Maintenance and management of irrigation and drainage facilities

After the completion of irrigation and drainage engineering facilities, in principle, the construction facilities in the land improvement area will be used consciously and bear the management costs. They not only need to manage these facilities and maintain their functions, but also need to manage local water resources through operating and operating facilities.

(4) the economic burden of farmers in land consolidation areas.

The economic burden of beneficiary farmers in land consolidation area is divided into two types: construction cost and operation management fee. The construction cost depends on the scale and nature of the project. Generally, the benefit area of irrigation and drainage facilities is more than 3000hm2 (Hokkaido 1 1,000 hm2), with 75% ~ 80% from the state and 5% ~ 17% from the county (prefecture, prefecture and prefecture). Villages (cities and towns) and farmers respectively bear the rest, and farmers generally bear less than 65,438. In this regard, farmers can accept long-term low-interest loans from the national treasury of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, with an annual interest rate of about 2%, with a grace period of 10 year and a repayment period of 15 years. In other words, after the project benefits, farmers will pay off their loans within 25 years. Irrigation areas below 3,000 hm2 (Hokkaido is less than 1 1,000 hm2) are under the responsibility of counties (prefectural governments), while cities (townships) are only responsible for small irrigation areas below 000 hm2. Environmental control projects with only social benefits, such as dams and pumping stations for flood control and drainage, are undertaken by the state regardless of the size of the projects.

Considering that there is no need to use irrigation facilities in the wet year, the financial burden of the management of the beneficiary farmers in the land improvement area is shared according to the actual control area, which is generally 3,000 yen for 0. 1hm2, instead of sharing according to the actual irrigation water volume and irrigation area.

According to analysis, the sum of project construction costs and operation management fees borne by farmers accounts for less than 5% of farmers' income.

(5) Supervision of the central government and counties on land improvement areas.

Land improvement areas must be supervised by the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or the county magistrate. This kind of supervision includes urging land improvement areas to abide by laws and regulations, earnestly fulfilling land improvement commitments and managing land improvement areas well. You can also ask local authorities to provide business reports, accounting reports or conduct on-the-spot inspections, and have the right to order them to correct any irregularities found in the inspections.

3.2 Management system and funding sources of pumping station projects in the United States

The United States is a federal country, and each state has considerable legislative power. The relationship between the state government and the federal government is relatively loose, forming its management system with the state as the basic unit in the management of pumping stations. In the political system, the United States implements private ownership, and in economic management, the main task of the government is infrastructure construction. In the past century, the federal government has attached great importance to water conservancy construction and built a large number of water conservancy facilities, which has received obvious economic benefits. In the past two decades, due to the financial difficulties of the federal government, its responsibilities have been more performed by the state government, thus establishing a management system with the state as the basic management unit.

The operation and management expenses of the pumping station shall be borne by the beneficiaries according to the amount of benefits. Taking urban water supply as an example, it is mainly obtained by charging water fees from water departments and individuals. In terms of the specific charging methods of water charges, all localities are generally divided into seven to eight items. The first is to issue water supply bonds, which are mainly used to increase water supply and sewage treatment capacity; The second item is that about 10% of the real estate tax is water resource tax; The third item is the unified charge for water supply and sewage treatment; The fourth item is the underground pipeline takeover fee; The fifth item is the annual surcharge for household sewage; The sixth item is the enterprise unit wastewater detection fee; The seventh item is the water permit fee and illegal fine. The water fee is fixed for one year. Every year, water departments in cities and water supply areas, together with user representatives, analyze the supply and demand of water resources in the next year, predict the financial situation of water supply and sewage treatment in the next year, and set water prices on the basis of financial balance.

The American government's management of water mainly focuses on the management of water rights. As for the management of water supply and distribution, it mainly depends on the spontaneous regulation of the market and the operation of non-governmental organizations. Especially in rural areas, water management is mainly carried out through some irrigation companies or non-governmental organizations, and irrigation companies are mainly composed of water rights owners. In this way, it not only reduces the direct intervention of the government, but also reduces the government's expenditure on water resources management, so that government agencies can operate more efficiently, concentrate on research and decision-making on major issues of water resources management, and avoid the inefficiency caused by excessive direct intervention of the government.

In California, the Central Valley Project has built about 20 dams, reservoirs and canals with a length of more than 800 kilometers. The electricity generated by hydropower can meet the needs of 2 million people, and 6 of California's 65,438+00 agricultural high-yield counties rely on this project for water supply. It is estimated that the US federal government has invested $3 billion in the Central Valley project, which has generated a return of about 65,438+000 times in agriculture and other fields. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project in California includes 32 reservoirs and lakes, and 65,438+0,000 kilometers of canals. It has also helped solve the water problems of about 23 million residents and thousands of enterprises, accounting for two-thirds of the state's total population and meeting the irrigation needs of 660,000 acres of farmland. The above data show that water conservancy projects, especially pumping station projects, not only get direct benefits such as disaster reduction, drought resistance and drainage, but also get indirect benefits in increasing industrial production, increasing agricultural income and people's normal production and life. Therefore, it is not unreasonable for beneficiary units and individuals to pay their operation and management expenses.

Management system and funding source of Dutch pump station project

The Netherlands has a long history of adopting integrated water resources management, and adopts a unified management model for the investment and management of water conservancy projects and pumping stations.

With regard to the management costs and sources of funds of Dutch pumping stations, the Dutch government has set three key points in providing funds: first, the costs should be borne by those beneficiary departments and responsible departments; Second, if the investment in the water sector cannot be earmarked, these investments will be shared among the beneficiaries or members who are jointly and severally liable in the form of taxes; Third, if the above two methods are not possible, the funds will be allocated from the national special budget.

The first priority means that the investment in new projects established according to written laws and regulations should be paid by enterprises themselves. According to the second priority, the investment needed by the Water Affairs Bureau in dike construction and local and regional water management is paid by users, and the tax amount and authority are determined mainly by the size of users' benefits. According to the third priority, the national and provincial capital investment in coordinating water control activities with other departments mainly comes from the national budget. Moreover, the investment in flood control dams, seawalls and other large-scale projects, as well as the investment in water control that plays a central role and has strong maneuverability, are also paid from the central budget.

Part of the investment in groundwater management in the province is obtained through taxation, that is, based on the underground mining of industry and drinking water, more water is used and more taxes are paid. 1994, public institutions in charge of water invested a total of 6 billion rupiah for flood control and water quality and quantity management. This part of investment accounts for 1% of national income. The investment of 6 billion dong does not include investment in drinking water and the private sector. There are four sources of funds for public water management: the national budget, taxes collected by the Water Affairs Bureau according to the principle of profit distribution, sewage charges collected by the Water Affairs Bureau according to the principle of "polluter pays" and domestic sewage treatment fees collected by civil affairs departments.

4. The technology and management system of foreign pumping stations are worth learning and using for reference.

4. 1 foreign pumping stations are well-equipped and highly automated.

The performance index of foreign pumps is obviously better than that of domestic pumps, and the structure, matching and transmission mode of the unit are also rich and colorful. Pumps produced by large foreign water pump manufacturers generally have the advantages of high speed, small volume and light weight, and their flow rate is 1.5~2 times that of domestic pumps with the same caliber. For example, Dutch 1.8m pump has the same performance as China's 2.8m pump, but the former weighs 23. 1 ton, while the latter weighs 48 tons, which is more than double the difference. In addition, the volume and weight of the motor can be greatly reduced by gear transmission. For example, the Dutch tubular pump with a diameter of 3.6m has a matching high-speed motor with a diameter of only 1.2m, and the total weight of the motor and gearbox is 15t. If this pump is replaced by direct drive in China, its motor diameter will increase from 1.2m to 6. 1m, and its weight will increase from 15t to 49t. It can be seen that the high rotating speed of foreign units not only reduces the volume and weight of the units, but also greatly reduces the investment in plant and civil engineering, especially after considering the influence of different installation forms of units (vertical, horizontal and inclined) on the pump room structure.

In the construction of water conservancy projects abroad, strict quality control is attached great importance. For example, in the Netherlands, the production of pumps and the management of pumping stations are much more closely linked in business than in China. The designers of the pump factory are very familiar with the operation and management of the pump station. They cooperate with the pump station management unit in design, production, manufacturing, testing, installation, debugging, operation and maintenance. The inner and outer surfaces of the water pump are flat and smooth, and the aluminum bronze surface of the blade has high smoothness. This ensures that the pump meets the requirements of the pumping station, which not only has high efficiency and good cavitation performance, but also greatly prolongs the service life of the pump and reduces accidents.

However, the quality of domestic pumping stations is questionable. For example, some pumping stations, after running for a period of time, have the phenomena of foundation sinking and building cracking. Domestic water pumps have few varieties and specifications, single structural form, generally poor manufacturing quality, and the price is even lower than its supporting motor. When designing a pumping station, we can only choose several finalized products with similar performance, which not only reduces the efficiency of the pumping station, but also leaves many unsafe hidden dangers.

Foreign pumping stations have a high degree of automation, and problems found in various indexes, long-term tracking, monitoring and recording of pumping stations can be solved at any time. At the same time, the recorded data will also become the basis for pump development and performance improvement. In addition, automation greatly reduces the occurrence of accidents and reduces the management personnel of pumping stations. For example, in the United States, there are only a few workers on dozens of kilometers of water trunk lines. Domestic pumping stations were generally built in 1960s and 1970s, with outdated equipment and low degree of automation. Experience management and regular maintenance are often adopted. In this way, it has greatly affected the economy of pumping stations, increased management costs and caused unnecessary economic losses.

4.2 Foreign pump station operation and management personnel are few, with good quality and strict social division of labor.

The operation and management personnel of foreign pumping stations are only equivalent to domestic110, but the operation and management are orderly and keep normal operation for a long time. Take the Netherlands as an example. In fact, STORK Pump Factory is responsible for the production and final assembly of core components, while the managers of pumping stations are only responsible for on-duty operation, small-scale maintenance and large-scale inspection, while large-scale maintenance is completed by the pump factory, and even the cleaning and sanitation work is contracted by professionals without heavy administrative burden. These successful experiences of social division of labor and cooperation deserve our serious study and reference.

Foreign pumping stations generally adopt professional and experienced managers. In the operation of pumping station, problems can be found in time and emergencies can be handled correctly. However, many domestic pump station managers have poor quality, low professional skills, serious local protection, and do not pay attention to the cultivation of talents and the introduction of new technologies, which leads to the backward operation and management level of pump stations.

4.3 Foreign countries attach great importance to the maintenance of the project, and the operation and management costs are sufficient.

The cleaning work of foreign pumping stations is well done, and they are generally equipped with cleaning and dredging machinery, which is the necessary pumping station equipment to ensure the safe operation of pumping stations, save energy, reduce pump wear and prolong the service life of units. However, the working environment of pumps in domestic pumping stations is poor and the facilities are not matched. Many pumping stations are not equipped with cleaning machinery, and the installation is not easy to use. The problem lies in the lack of mastery of key technologies, backwardness and insufficient capital investment.

In terms of cost, foreign pumping stations have obtained sufficient funds in the form of beneficiaries' payment or state funding, and have the conditions and capabilities for reconstruction, maintenance and expansion according to different needs. However, there is a shortage of funds for the construction of pumping stations in China, and after the one-time investment of many main projects of pumping stations is completed, the supporting facilities of the projects are lagging behind and the cost of continued construction is low, which makes some pumping stations not matched for a long time and the projects can not achieve the design benefits. In addition, the funds for the operation and management of pumping stations are very small, and even the wages of employees are not guaranteed, let alone the renovation of mechanical and electrical equipment of pumping stations.

5 conclusion

Pumping station is the only power source to provide potential energy and pressure energy for water and solve the problems of irrigation and drainage, water supply and water resource allocation under the condition of no gravity flow. It is also an important engineering measure to solve the flood disaster, drought and water shortage, and it is one of the important symbols to realize the modernization of water conservancy. Because of the function and special position of pumping station, all countries attach great importance to it. Foreign countries, especially the technical equipment, investment and management mechanism of pumping stations, are worth learning from. Based on some data collected by the author, especially the investigation reports of some experts in recent years, this paper summarizes and describes the development, operation and management of pumping stations abroad. We need to investigate and study more deeply, adjust policies, increase investment, do a good job in a down-to-earth manner, and strive to make a new situation in the development of pumping stations in China in a short period of time.

refer to

1, edited by Liu Zhuxi and Feng, China Pumping Station Project, Beijing: Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press,1993;

2. Huang, some experiences of inspecting the Dutch pump station project, electromechanical irrigation and drainage,1997.3;

3. Liu Runtang, Japanese irrigation and drainage career and land improvement, China Water Conservancy Science and Technology Network;

4. Zhong Zhen and Shen Rimai. Status and development of monitoring automation technology and equipment for pumping stations at home and abroad, china rural water and hydropower,1998.2;

5. Zhao, Current Situation and Tasks of Pumping Station Construction and Management in China, Farmland Water Conservancy and Small Hydropower,1994.9;

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