Slogans about plague prevention

In order to effectively prevent the occurrence and epidemic of plague, students are reminded to enhance their knowledge and understanding of plague and raise their awareness of plague prevention. According to the "Yumen Municipal People's Government Office's Notice on Carrying out Plague Prevention and Control Knowledge Promotion in 2015" "Notice of Week Activities" spirit, April 13-19, 2015 is the 2015 Plague Prevention and Control Knowledge Publicity Week, the theme of the activity is "Everyone participates, prevention first, scientific prevention and control". With the careful organization of the head teachers of each class in our school, the whole school carried out publicity and education activities with the theme of plague prevention knowledge.

In order to successfully organize this theme activity, the head teachers of each class made preparations for data collection a few days in advance. Our school held a special knowledge lecture on plague prevention and control, and the teachers and students of the school participated in this activity. activities. During the lecture, the teacher explained in detail what plague was, its transmission, treatment, and prevention. It is emphasized that the plague can be prevented, controlled and cured. Early detection of the epidemic, early reporting and timely treatment of the epidemic area are the key measures to stop the spread of the plague. Therefore, it is necessary to fully mobilize the masses, give full play to the power of rural doctors and health organizations at all levels, establish an epidemic reporting network, identify epidemic reporters, and conscientiously implement the "three noes" and "three reports" systems. The "three no's" system: do not touch, skin, or cook sick marmots and other dead animals; do not sit or rest around marmot holes to prevent flea bites; do not visit or mourn plague patients or suspected plague patients in their homes. "Three reports" system: the discovery of sick marmots and other sick animals must be reported; the discovery of plague patients or suspected plague patients should be reported immediately; the discovery of patients who suddenly die of unknown causes should be reported immediately.

Our school also uses campus newspapers, bulletin boards and classroom bulletin boards to display plague prevention knowledge to everyone with pictures and texts in various forms. We also post leaflets in the classroom and ask students to educate their parents when they go home. Knowledge to prevent plague.

Through the holding of this themed activity, the knowledge of plague prevention was intensively promoted and popularized among students. Through the study of pictures of plague science knowledge, students deeply understood the dangers of plague and at the same time mastered the spread of plague. , preventive and therapeutic measures. At the end of the activity, students were asked to publicize plague prevention to their parents and distributed promotional materials.

Attachment: Plague prevention and control publicity materials

1. What is plague?

Plague is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is classified as a Class A infectious disease in my country’s Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law. It has the characteristics of acute onset, short course, high mortality and contagiousness. Strong, rapid spread and other characteristics. It is one of the international quarantine infectious diseases. People may get the disease through contact with wild animals that have or died from plague. People can also get the disease through flea bites. People with pneumonic plague can also be called sources of infection.

2. How is plague spread to humans?

The transmission routes of plague: First, it is transmitted from animals to fleas to people; second, it is transmitted through air droplets from people to people, causing pneumonic plague; third, people who suffer from the plague die through deprivation. In animals, Yersinia pestis directly enters the wound infection, causing bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and plague septicemia.

3. What kind of animal is a marmot?

The marmot, commonly known as "Hara", is a herbivore that mainly lives on grasslands. Individual marmots vary greatly with age and season, and their weight ranges from a few kilograms to dozens of kilograms. Marmots are hibernating animals that often hibernate in caves from October to April of the following year.

4. What are the sources and routes of infection of human plague?

The sources of infection that cause plague in humans include: various animals that suffer from or die from plague, such as marmots; fleas that are parasitic on the outside of animals; and plague patients. There are three ways for humans to be infected with plague bacteria: first, contact with animals infected with plague, such as skinning, cooking, etc.; second, being bitten by fleas carrying plague bacteria; and third, transmission from plague patients.

5. How to detect plague epidemics? What is the "three no-three-reports" system?

Plague can be prevented, controlled and cured. Early detection of the epidemic, early reporting and timely treatment of the epidemic area are the key measures to stop the spread of the plague. Therefore, it is necessary to fully mobilize the masses, give full play to the power of rural doctors and health organizations at all levels, establish an epidemic reporting network, identify epidemic reporters, and conscientiously implement the "three noes" and "three reports" systems.

The "three no's" system: do not touch, skin, or cook sick marmots and other dead animals; do not sit or rest around marmot holes to prevent flea bites; do not visit plague patients or suspected plague patients. Home visitation care or condolence.

"Three reports" system: the discovery of sick marmots and other sick animals must be reported; the discovery of plague patients or suspected plague patients should be reported immediately; the discovery of patients who suddenly die of unknown causes should be reported immediately.

Part 2

Plague is a kind of infectious disease between humans and animals that exists in rodents and fleas, and is transmitted to various animals and humans through fleas. The reaction is inflammation of the lymph glands near the flea bite site. This is bubonic plague. It often occurs in the groin of the mouse, and rarely occurs in the armpits or neck. The infected lymph glands become inflamed, red, swollen, tender and may pus. Usually there is Fever. Plague is an acute and severe infectious disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is classified as a Class A infectious disease in my country's Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Law. It has the characteristics of rapid onset, short course, high mortality, strong contagiousness, and rapid spread. It is one of the international quarantine infectious diseases. Transmission routes of plague:

1. Rat flea bites: Transmitted by rat fleas. Rat flea bites are the main route of transmission. Rodents → fleas → humans are the main mode of transmission of bubonic plague.

2. Respiratory tract infection: spread through respiratory droplets, through breathing, talking, coughing, etc., through droplets forming "human → human" transmission, and can cause a pandemic of human plague.

3. Skin infection: spread through skin, peeling and eating the skin and meat of sick rodents, or directly contacting the patient's pus, blood or sputum, and causing infection through skin wounds.

4. Digestive tract infection: infection caused by eating incompletely cooked meat infected with bacteria.

Clinical manifestations of plague

1. Incubation period

2 to 8 days for glandular type; several hours to 2 to 3 days for pulmonary type; those who have been vaccinated can Extended to 9 to 12 days.

2. Symptoms and signs

(1) Mild form with irregular low-grade fever, mild systemic symptoms, local lymph node swelling and pain, occasional suppuration, and no bleeding. It is more common in the early and late stages of the epidemic. or vaccinators.

(2) The glandular type is the most common and often occurs in the early stages of an epidemic. Sudden onset of chills, high fever, headache, fatigue, body aches, and occasionally nausea, vomiting, restlessness, skin ecchymosis, and bleeding. Swelling and pain in the lymph nodes in the drainage area of ??the flea bite can be seen at the onset of the disease, which develops rapidly and reaches its peak on the 2nd to 4th day. Inguinal lymph nodes are most commonly affected, followed by axillary, cervical, and submandibular lymph nodes. Due to severe inflammation of lymph nodes and surrounding tissues, the patient assumes a forced posture. If not treated in time, the enlarged lymph nodes will rapidly suppurate and ulcerate, leading to death due to severe toxemia, secondary pneumonia or sepsis within 3 to 5 days. Those who are treated promptly or whose condition is mild will gradually dissipate or the wound will heal and they will recover.

(3) The pulmonary type can be primary or secondary to the glandular type, and is more common at the peak of the epidemic. Pneumonic plague develops rapidly, with sudden onset of high fever and obvious symptoms of systemic poisoning. Chest pain, cough, and sputum production appear a few hours after the onset. The sputum quickly turns from a small amount to a large amount of bright red bloody sputum. Dyspnea and cyanosis rapidly worsened. Moist rales can be heard in the lungs, the breath sounds are reduced, and the signs and symptoms are often not commensurate. Those who are not rescued in time may die of heart failure or shock within 2 to 3 days. Before death, he was highly cyanotic and his skin often turned black and purple, so it was called the Black Death.

(4) Sepsis can be primary or secondary. The primary patient develops rapidly, with severe symptoms of systemic toxemia, central nervous system symptoms and bleeding. People who quickly enter unconsciousness, delirium or coma, and who fail to receive rescue, often die within 24 hours to 3 days.

(5) Other rare types ① Painful erythema appears at the skin type flea bite, and herpes and pustules quickly form, which may be mixed with blood, and may form boils or carbuncles. The surface is covered with black scabs, the surrounding area is dark red, and the bottom is a hard ulcer, which is quite similar to skin anthrax. Occasionally, systemic herpes occurs, similar to smallpox or chickenpox. ② Ocular bacteria invade the eyes, causing conjunctival congestion, swelling and pain, and even purulent conjunctivitis. ③ Throat-type bacteria invade from the oral cavity and cause acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis, which may be accompanied by cervical lymph node enlargement. It may be an asymptomatic latent infection, but Yersinia pestis can be isolated by culture of pharyngeal secretions, most of which have been vaccinated. who. ④ In addition to systemic symptoms, enteritis type includes vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, mucus, and pathogens can be detected in the feces. ⑤ Meningitis type can be primary or secondary, with obvious symptoms of meningeal irritation, cerebrospinal fluid is purulent, and Yersinia pestis can be detected in smears and culture.

Prevention and Control of Plague

1. Strictly control the source of infection

(1) Manage patients. If suspected or confirmed patients are found, the epidemic should be reported immediately to the emergency telephone and online , and at the same time, the patients are strictly isolated, and visits and interactions between patients are prohibited.

The patient's excrement should be thoroughly disinfected, and the patient's death should be cremated or deeply buried. Patients with pneumonic plague must be strictly isolated to prevent airborne transmission. Patients with various types of plague should be isolated separately, and patients with pneumonic plague should be in a separate room. Do not share a room with other plague patients. Bubonic plague should be isolated until lymph node swelling has completely dissipated and then observed for 7 days. Pneumonic plague should be isolated until sputum cultures are negative 6 times. People who have been exposed to plague should be quarantined for 9 days. For those who have received vaccination, the quarantine period should be extended to 12 days.

(2) Eliminate animal sources of infection, monitor the epidemic situation of rat plague in natural foci, control rat plague, and carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns to eradicate rats.

2. Cut off the transmission route

(1) To eliminate fleas, safe and effective insecticides must be sprayed on the body and clothing of patients to kill fleas. , dogs, livestock, etc. should also be sprayed.

(2) Strengthen transportation and national quarantine. Foreign ships, vehicles, aircraft, etc. coming from the source of the epidemic should be subject to strict border health quarantine, and rodent control and rodent control should be carried out. Flea disinfection is carried out and passengers are quarantined and inspected.

3. Protect susceptible persons

(1) Protect contacts from contact with fleas during the epidemic. Contacts of bubonic plague patients should use appropriate insecticides to kill fleas. All contacts need to be evaluated for antibiotic prophylaxis. Contacts with suspected or confirmed pneumonic plague patients should be treated with tetracycline or chloramphenicol in 4 doses for one week starting from the last time of contact. . Sulfadiazine can also be taken orally; in addition, ciprofloxacin is also sensitive to Yersinia pestis.

(2) When vaccination becomes popular among rats, residents in and around the epidemic area and staff entering the epidemic area should be vaccinated. Commonly used live and dry vaccines of non-virulent strains of EV are inoculated by skin scratching method, that is, 2 drops of bacterial solution, 3 to 100px apart. Immunity is available after 2 weeks. The current vaccine still cannot produce long-term immune protection against bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. Therefore, it is generally vaccinated once a year, and again after 6 months if necessary. The newly developed 06173 vaccine in my country produces F1 antibodies that are twice as effective as the EV strain after immunizing animals.

(3) Personal protection for medical personnel. Medical personnel entering the epidemic area must be vaccinated and must wait two weeks before entering the epidemic area. You must wear protective clothing, masks, hats, gloves, glasses, rubber shoes and isolation gowns when working.

Part 3

1. Vigorously carry out otter and flea eradication to prevent the occurrence of plague

2. Preventing and controlling plague is the common responsibility of mankind< /p>

3. Illegal hunting, trafficking, and sale of marmots is strictly prohibited

4. To prevent plague, do not hunt, eat, or carry animals that are the source of the disease

5. Everyone Participate, focus on prevention, scientifically prevent and control plague

6. Supervise and manage according to law, strengthen plague prevention and control

7. Preventing plague is everyone’s responsibility

8. Prevent plague and benefit mankind

9. Take action to prevent the harm of plague

10. For the health of you and others, please do not hunt and exploit marmots

11. Plague is a Class A infectious disease, and the state implements health quarantine in accordance with the law

12. It is prohibited to hunt, traffic and sell marmots to strictly prevent the occurrence of human plague