In what form should kindergartens carry out civilized etiquette education?

The practical path of early childhood civilized etiquette education. The education of early childhood civilized etiquette education is a long-term educational project. It cannot be achieved overnight, nor can it be achieved through a single educational method such as daily life or group teaching. , it is necessary to comprehensively integrate all effective educational resources such as life, teaching, games, environment, family, community, etc., and multi-channel mutual penetration, development and promotion. The following is the experience summarized by our park through practice, which is elaborated from the following five aspects. (1) Conducting children’s civilized etiquette education in daily life. The characteristics of moral education are random teaching and teaching when encountering objects. Gao Xia and Zhang Xiaohui (2013) mentioned that the daily activities in kindergartens are rich in content and are very suitable for daily life. , such as studying, eating, sleeping, and playing, to provide etiquette education to young children in a subtle way. Focus on every aspect of daily life, start with details, guide children to recognize standardized practices, and put forward more specific and detailed requirements for irregular behaviors that children are prone to. In line with the principle of being based on life and being practical, our kindergarten integrates children's civilized etiquette education into children's daily life, and carries out a series of civilized etiquette development activities such as "Etiquette Little Angel" and "Etiquette Little Star" to enable children to Improve the awareness and ability of civilized etiquette in daily life happily and consciously. 1. The "Etiquette Little Angel" welcome activity takes advantage of the individual differences of the children in the class and carries out a "Welcome" activity in which peers help each other learn when entering the kindergarten every morning. Ask the children in the class to take turns to be the little etiquette angels. Wear the welcome ribbon and take the initiative to politely bow, salute and say hello to the children entering the kindergarten or class door to welcome the arrival of the children. Children in the middle and large classes can assist the morning inspection staff to remind them Children take the initiative to say goodbye to their parents, consciously queue up for morning inspections, and escort some emotionally unstable younger brothers and sisters into class. 2. In the "Etiquette Little Star" selection activity, children's willpower, persistence and self-control are weak, and their behavior lacks stability. To make children's etiquette behavior a natural habit and consolidate it, dynamic selection of "Etiquette Little Stars" activities can be carried out in daily life education. Children can clarify right and wrong and self-correct in the process of mutual observation, supervision, learning and evaluation. and self-discipline. The content and selection criteria for selecting etiquette stars can be set and adjusted according to the life characteristics and requirements of children of different ages, and an interactive evaluation environment that is easy for children to operate can be created. Through daily random evaluation, weekly sharing, monthly certificates and other incentives, we create a good atmosphere in the class to strive to be a "little star of civilized etiquette". You can also post photos of etiquette stars and write down the reasons for being on the list to encourage more children and families to follow suit. 3. Independent dining activities. During meals, teachers serve meals to children and children serve meals by themselves, which reflects completely different educational concepts. The "Guide" emphasizes respecting and meeting the needs of children for independent living, starting from the details of life, creating conditions for children to eat independently, and giving children the right to live their own lives. Children in small classes can pick up meals, eat, clear the table, and let female children eat first with the help of teachers. "Buffet" activities can also be carried out regularly to allow children to more fully experience the rules and fun of civilized dining in a collective environment. This change reflects the respect for children. Children change from passive to active when eating, and their intrinsic motivation to consciously establish good civilized etiquette habits is stimulated. (2) Carry out civilized etiquette education for children in classroom activities. Pan Xiaojiang (2012) proposed that teaching activities are an important part of kindergarten educational activities. Its organization and implementation is a learning process in which teachers guide children to lively, lively and active activities in a purposeful and planned manner, and is also a process in which teachers carry out their work creatively. Rooted in life and skillfully setting up classrooms, opening classes at a timely manner for centralized teaching, so that life and classroom can be organically integrated, and the etiquette experience accumulated by children in daily life can be integrated, shared and improved in a timely manner; some etiquettes with more complex movement essentials The content can be quickly mastered by children through group teaching activities, such as spitting, sneezing, and passing scissors correctly; some public etiquette contents that are far away from children's lives can also be intuitively understood through micro-classrooms. .

For example, the middle class carried out a "traffic safety" themed activity. In order to let the children understand the correct words and deeds when taking the bus, the teacher designed the "Be a Civilized Little Passenger" educational activity and created the scene and plot of taking the bus for a spring outing. The children through pretending Character experience, behavior review and discussion, picture sorting and other methods clearly distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of civilized and uncivilized riding behaviors, and strengthen children's civilized awareness and behavior. (3) Use the kindergarten environment to educate children on civilized etiquette. Create an orderly, clean, harmonious and joyful class education environment in the kindergarten, a scientific and reasonable living system, and a humanistic environment where people are civilized and etiquette, and united and friendly. Necessary conditions for good behavior in young children. 1. Create a good humanistic environment. Teachers have authority in the hearts of children, and their words and deeds are a great example to children. Harmonious interpersonal relationships and elegant and civilized behavior among class teachers can make children happy and accelerate the development of good behaviors and habits. Kindergartens can carry out themed educational practice activities such as "Kindergarten Moral Lectures" and "The Most Beautiful Teachers Around You" as well as long-term assessment and reward mechanisms to help employees further establish correct moral value orientations and form a sound system of ethical behavior norms. Through the selection of "Civilized Activities such as "class group" and "civilized individual" build a good campus culture and form a good etiquette atmosphere of truth, kindness and beauty. 2. Make your own "civilized etiquette" game chess. Playing chess is a favorite game activity for children in middle and large classes. Design the civilized etiquette education content into a civilized etiquette game chess, and choose the etiquette content suitable for the children in this class (there are right behaviors and wrong behaviors). ) are made into small colorful pictures and placed on the chessboard. When the chess pieces reach the picture of wrong words and deeds, they have to take a few steps back and move forward a few steps to the picture of correct words and deeds. They can also correct each other's mistakes at this stage. Children learn to cooperate in cooperative games, increase etiquette knowledge and enhance etiquette awareness during play. (4) Use game activities to educate children on civilized etiquette. Games are the primary form of social activities for children. Its moral value is that it provides the greatest possibility for children to acquire moral knowledge and provides opportunities for children to practice moral behavior. Based on the special value of games, teachers need to use rich and colorful game activities to simulate real-life scenarios to achieve effective construction and activities of children and other moral subjects, achieve the transfer and internalization of etiquette behaviors, and promote children’s moral growth. 1. Etiquette in role games Role games are a self-education activity that trains children to assume social roles and abide by social role norms. It is one of the important ways for children to learn communication skills and communication etiquette, such as receiving guests at a doll's house; The old man celebrates his birthday; the dried fruit shop sells dried fruits to the doll's house; the supermarket does promotions and other game plots. In the game, each child unconsciously assumes the responsibilities assigned by the role, which provides soil for the implementation of etiquette education. Teachers can focus on the guidance of social etiquette during the introduction of each game, and can also initiate activities such as selecting "most hygienic families" and "star waiters". In the game, teachers participate in the game as characters to inspire children to observe public etiquette. The game summary section attaches great importance to the discussion and sharing of etiquette behaviors, so that children can deepen their understanding of etiquette language and consolidate and internalize etiquette behaviors during game role-playing. 2. Self-compiled etiquette textbooks and dramas in performance games. Performance games are a form of performance in which children reproduce the content of children's literature by playing roles in children's literature, using certain performance skills, props and scenes, etc. Children can be deeply inspired by playing the characters in the works, which is conducive to the improvement of children's moral standards and civilized etiquette. Encourage teachers to adapt or write their own etiquette scripts to incorporate richer etiquette education content based on the actual development needs of children in their class for children to appreciate and perform. For example, a small class adapted the etiquette textbook play "A Puppy's Day" to integrate a day's life in the kindergarten. The educational content on details of dining etiquette is incorporated into the script, and the children's cries are triggered during the performance, and civilized dining behavior is strengthened. The top class self-written etiquette drama "Be a Good and Polite Child" is based on the typical behaviors of children in daily life such as sleeping in and fighting for toys. The *** co-created the script for the children in this class to perform, realizing the integration of games and life. Organic fusion.

(5) Home synchronization and promotion of civilized etiquette education for children. To carry out civilized etiquette education for children, relying solely on etiquette education in the kindergarten is far from enough. Chen Junying (2009) mentioned that etiquette education for children is a long-term process and requires families. Cooperate with teachers in kindergartens, share educational responsibilities, and adhere to the principle of consistency in education to avoid the occurrence of phenomena such as "educational disconnection" and "educational islands." Therefore, teachers should use their professional knowledge and abilities to carry out parent work, guide parents to become partners, form a synergy of home-based synchronous education, so that children can be supervised and managed at home and in kindergarten, improve the efficiency of children's daily etiquette development, and promote children's etiquette quality of formation. 1. Carry out parent work in different layers. The key to achieving healthy education in the home is to achieve political awareness. Respecting the individual differences of parents and carrying out parent work in different layers can avoid a one-size-fits-all approach and make parent work more practical and in-depth. Parents can be divided into several groups according to their own qualities, abilities and awareness of participating in education, and different guidance strategies can be adopted to carry out work, such as providing in-depth guidance to parents with strong educational awareness and ability to attract them to discuss education and participate in education. For elderly parents, the requirements are moderate and appropriate. They can use their advantages to see their own value and the joy they bring to their children while participating in sewing some game materials for the class, so as to enhance the relationship between home and family. 2. The selection activity of "Good Baby with Etiquette at Home". How the good habits established by children in kindergarten can be consolidated and improved at home to form a stable momentum requires parents' attention and long-term close cooperation. The "Etiquette Little Star" can be developed in the class. The selection activities are extended to the family, and the "Baby with Good Home Etiquette" recording and evaluation activities are carried out to provide specific support for parents to urge children to practice civilized and etiquette behaviors in family life. It can also guide parents to stage according to the actual situation and development needs of children. Adjust the evaluation content and evaluation standards. Encourage children to be supervisors and drive parents to strive to be "civilized parents" and "civilized families" to create a good situation in which everyone participates and home education is carried out.