What impact does the change of road factors have on traffic safety?

There are many reasons that affect the safety and smoothness of road traffic in China, which can be summarized as follows:

First, the contradiction between transportation supply and demand is increasing. In 2002, the number of cars in China was nearly 2 1, 4 1, 000, which was 5.9 times that of 1, 986. There are 9 1.47 million motor vehicle drivers in China, which is 9. 1 times that of 1.986. The national highway passenger traffic is as high as 65.438+0.466 billion, and the highway freight volume is as high as 654.38+0.65438+0.06 billion tons, which are 2.7 times and 654.38+0.8 times of 654.38+0.986 respectively. In 2002, the average area of urban roads in China was about 8 square meters, far below the average level of 25 square meters in developed countries. The parking space of 36 big cities 100 cars is less than 20%, so it is difficult to park in the central area of the city. With the increase of passenger and freight volume and the number of motor vehicles, road construction and safety management facilities are far from adapting to the development of the situation, which is an important reason for the increase of traffic accident risk probability and the obvious increase of road congestion.

Second, the urban road network structure is unreasonable, the road quality is low and the traffic conditions are poor. There are many bottlenecks, broken roads and abnormal intersections in urban roads. Many cities are keen on repairing main roads, ignoring the construction of secondary roads and branches. The road density is low, the traffic flow is too concentrated, and the proportion of main roads to secondary roads and branches is seriously out of balance, especially at the transition or connection between main roads and secondary roads, and the traffic capacity is low. Due to historical reasons, a considerable number of expressways are of low grade and poor quality, of which 86% are roads below Grade III and roads other than highways. There are serious defects in the design of some highway lines, resulting in sharp bends, continuous detours, steep slopes or continuous long slopes, wide roads and narrow bridges, and lack of signs, marking lines and safety protection facilities.

Third, the overall composition of road vehicles is unreasonable and the safety performance is poor. By the end of 2002, the number of motor vehicles in China had exceeded 654.38+0 billion, including 2,654.38+0.4654.38+0 million vehicles, accounting for only 26.85%, and most of them were motorcycles, agricultural transport vehicles, tractors and other vehicles with low safety. The problems of freight vehicles, such as "big ton and small standard", super-long and super-wide, super-large tonnage, a large number of assembled motorcycles, low-quality agricultural transport vehicles and simple motor vehicles, are very prominent. The traffic modes of people and vehicles, motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles directly affect the efficiency and safety of road traffic.

Fourth, violation of traffic laws and regulations is very common, and the traffic order is not good. People's overall awareness of traffic law, traffic safety and traffic civilization is not high, and the road traffic order is poor. In 2002, China handled 259 million traffic violations and punished 654.38+97 million people. Illegal traffic and traffic disorder are the direct reasons that affect traffic efficiency, cause traffic congestion, endanger traffic safety and lead to traffic accidents.

Fifth, the overall level of road traffic management is not high. At present, China's road construction and traffic organization lack of scientific overall planning, unreasonable road network structure, low design standards, insufficient functions, incomplete facilities and low traffic capacity in road construction. The traffic structure is unreasonable, especially the development of public transportation is lagging behind. The utilization rate of existing road resources is not high, the management level is low, and the scientific and technological content is low.

People are the leading factor of traffic safety. The key to traffic safety lies in people, and what kind of attitude people have towards traffic safety will lead to what kind of results. Accident statistics show that 80%-85% of traffic accidents are caused by human factors. Among various traffic participants, the driver is very important. There are many factors that affect drivers, both short-term and persistent. Short-term factors include fatigue, mood, alcohol effect, drug effect, pathological effect and so on. Persistent factors include intelligence, driving skills and habits, personality and attitude, physical disability, perceptual defects and so on. Therefore, studying and analyzing the factors that affect drivers' behavior, strictly controlling drivers' skills, physical fitness and strengthening the education and management of drivers are the prerequisites to ensure road traffic safety.

Cars are the key factor of traffic safety. What kind of conditions and what kind of cars will have what kind of traffic safety results. Compared with non-motor vehicles such as bicycles, motor vehicles are a powerful traffic force and the "culprit" of many traffic accidents. Different types and performances of vehicles will have different consequences. As far as a vehicle itself is concerned, the main factors affecting the safety performance of motor vehicles are steering system, braking system, wheels and tires, lighting and so on. According to relevant statistics, traffic accidents caused by vehicles themselves account for 5% in developed countries and 10% in developing countries. Therefore, the national technical supervision department should strictly control the two technologies of vehicles, the traffic police department should strictly control the inspection of vehicles, and the transportation enterprises and vehicles should strictly control the maintenance of vehicles, so that unqualified vehicles or vehicles with poor safety and technical conditions will not leave the factory or go on the road to ensure traffic safety.

Road is the basic element of traffic safety. According to statistics, 10% of traffic accidents are directly related to road conditions. Whether the road design is reasonable, whether the quality is qualified, whether the grade is in place, and whether the traffic facilities such as signs, slogans and markings are complete, eye-catching and effective are directly related to traffic safety. At present, in many places, the present situation of roads still can't meet the needs of modern traffic development: First, most of the urban road networks were formed in the era of horse-drawn carriages, which can't meet the high speed of motor vehicles; Second, road construction itself is a slow change, while the development of vehicle traffic volume itself is a rapid change, and the development of road and vehicle is incompatible; Third, roads only play a role in planning, design and construction, while vehicles always play a role in human factors. People are conscious and social. Therefore, roads and vehicles are incompatible in consciousness and society. To strengthen road traffic safety, we must change this unsuitable situation.

Traffic environment is a comprehensive factor of traffic safety. Traffic environment is a familiar word for traffic participants. However, quite a few people often ignore the traffic environment when they participate in traffic, which leads to accidents that should not have happened. The traffic environment changes with the change of conditions. Different vehicles, different road conditions, different seasons, different weather conditions and different traffic participants all have different traffic environments. Therefore, traffic participants should pay attention to the traffic environment, be familiar with the traffic environment, adopt different ways of participation according to different traffic environments, and actively take measures to avoid risks, so as to enjoy traffic resources and ensure safe travel.

People, vehicles, roads and traffic environment have different influences in the traffic process, and people have the greatest influence on traffic safety. Therefore, among the factors that affect traffic safety, we should pay special attention to people. Experience at home and abroad proves that traffic safety education is the most important means for us to reduce unsafe factors. It is necessary to carry out traffic safety publicity in a big way and make every effort to improve the people's traffic legal concept and traffic safety awareness.