The green hills never grow old Liang Heng

Liang Heng: a native of Huozhou, Shanxi. Born in 1946, graduated from Renmin University of China in 1968. He has successively served as reporter for Inner Mongolia Daily, reporter for Guangming Daily, and deputy director of the State Press and Publication Administration. He is currently the deputy editor-in-chief of the People's Daily, a doctoral tutor at the School of Journalism of Renmin University of China, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese Writers Association, an executive director of the National Committee of the China Journalists Association, and the general consultant of the People's Education Press for primary and secondary school textbooks. He is a famous news theorist, essayist, popular science writer and political commentator. He has won many honorary titles such as the National Youth Literature Award, the Zhao Shuli Literature Award, the National Outstanding Popular Science Work Award, and the "Five Ones" Project Award of the Central Propaganda Department.

His main works include the scientific history chapter novel "Popular Romance of Mathematics and Physics"; the news trilogy "The Corner Without News", "The Context of Green Leaves of News", and "Thinking about the Principles of News"; in In terms of prose creation, he has focused on landscape prose in the past twenty years, and is deeply familiar with the tradition of classical landscape articles. His writing has the spirit of herbs and the rhyme of water and stone. In recent years, he has devoted himself to character prose, especially the writing of great historical figures and celebrities, such as "Looking for a crossing, looking for a crossing, where to cross?" ", "Red Wool Thread, Blue Wool Thread", etc. have caused great repercussions in society. There are prose collections such as "Summer Feelings and Autumn Thoughts", "Only Seeking New Places", "Reflections on Famous Mountains and Rivers", "Outstanding People and Ghosts", "Exquisite Library of Famous Contemporary Prose Writers - Liang Heng Volume", etc.

His works have won the Youth Literature Award, the Zhao Shuli Literature Award, and the National Award for Outstanding Popular Science Works; in 1996, the essay "Suddenly Hearing "Walking to the West Exit" Again" published in "Foshan Literature and Art" won the "Beautiful Essay", " "Literary Freedom Talk" and "Foshan Literature and Art" jointly organized the "Heart for China" essay competition excellence award. Three prose pieces, "Jin Ci", "Looking for a ferry, looking for a ferry, where to cross" and "Xia Gan" were selected as middle school textbooks.

"Pat the Railings All Over"

In Chinese history, there is only one person who was born in the army, used martial arts to start things, and finally turned to literature as a career and became a great poetry writer. This is Xin Qiji . This also destined his poetry and his uniqueness among literati and his unique position in history.

From the information I have seen, Xin Qiji has at least killed several people with sharp swords. He was born tall and powerful, and he practiced swordsmanship hard since he was a child. He was born in the troubled times of the Jin and Song Dynasties, and was dissatisfied with the invasion and plunder of the Jin people. At the age of 22, he raised a rebel army of thousands of people, and later merged with the rebel army led by Geng Jing, and served as the secretary-general and in charge of seals. Once, a traitor was found in the rebel army, and he stole the seal and prepared to invest gold in it. Xin Qiji chased the thief alone for two days with a sharp sword in his hand, and on the third day he recovered a human head. In order to regain his great cause, he persuaded Geng Jing to return south and went south to Lin'an to contact him personally. Unexpectedly, he would become ill again in just a few days. When he returned from completing his mission, his generals rebelled and Geng Jing was killed. Xin was so angry that he jumped on his horse and crossed his sword. He led a few cavalry into the enemy camp to capture the rebel general alive. He then ran thousands of miles and escorted him to Lin'an for justice, and led thousands of people south to return to the Song Dynasty. To put it bluntly, he was just a heroic young man in his twenties when he performed this feat. He was full of energy and wanted to kill the bandits and regain the lost territory for the imperial court.

But not everything in the world can come true. After returning to the south, he immediately lost his sharp sword and only had a soft brush left in his hand. He no longer had the chance to rush to the battlefield, splattering his shirt with blood. Instead, he could only write in vain and shed tears on the rice paper. History has left behind a series of tragic cries, regretful sighs and helpless self-mockery.

To be honest, Xin Qiji's words were not written with a pen, but carved with knives and swords. He will always remain in history and his own poetry as a battlefield hero and patriotic general. Thousands of years later, when we reread his works today, we still feel a sense of awe-inspiring murderousness and majestic power. For example, this famous song "Broken Array":

When I was drunk, I lit up the lamp and watched the sword, and I dreamed of playing the trumpet company. Eight hundred miles away, the people under his command are burning, and the sound of fifty strings turning over the Great Wall. Autumn brings troops to the battlefield.

The horse is flying fast, and the bow is like a thunderbolt. Finish the affairs of the king and the world, and win the reputation during and after death. Misfortune happens in vain.

I dare to say boldly that apart from "Man Jiang Hong" by Wu Sheng Yue Fei, which can be compared with it, among the literati of China for five thousand years, it is difficult to find another poem as good as this. A masterpiece of the sound of Jin Ge. Although Du Fu also wrote, "To shoot a man first, shoot a horse, and to capture a thief first, capture the king." The military poet Wang Changling also wrote, "If you want to drive away the light cavalry, the heavy snow will cover the bow and knife." However, these are all spectator-style imaginations, expressions and descriptions. Which poet has ever had such an experience of rolling on the edge of a sword? "Flying on the warship floor", "Throwing a whip and flying across the river", "Sword pointing at the Three Qin Dynasties", "Westerly wind racing horses", his poems are simply a military dictionary. He originally pledged his life to the country, preparing to shed blood in the desert and wrap his body in horse leather, but after crossing south, he was forced to leave the battlefield and was no longer useful. Like Qu Yuan, he looked up to the sky, and like a soldier who raged against Mount Buzhou, he faced the river, looked at Chang'an, climbed dangerous buildings, and patted the railings, all he could do was shed tears.

The Chu sky is thousands of miles away and the autumn is boundless, and the water goes with the sky and the autumn is boundless. The distant eyes are far away, offering sorrow

Offering hatred, jade hairpin and snail bun. The sunset above the building, in the sound of broken bells, wanderers from the south of the Yangtze River. I looked at Wu

and took pictures of the railings, but no one understood me.

("The Song of the Water Dragon")

Who can understand the grief and anger of a wanderer like him, who is actually a prodigal son of a subjugated country? This is what he did when he came to Jiankang City's Heart-Appreciating Pavilion. Facing the ancient Qinhuai River, this pavilion was a place of appreciation and elegance for literati of all ages, but what Xin Qiji made here was a cry of sadness. When he slapped the railing painfully, he must have thought of how he used to slap his sword to urge his horse to gallop on the battlefield. But today, if he has all his strength and ambition, where can he use it? I once went to Nanjing specifically to look for the place where Xin Gong photographed the railing, but people destroyed the building and there was no trace of it. Only the river was long and flowing, like the poet's long sigh, flowing eastward.

The deeper difference between Xin's Ci than other literati is that his Ci is not written with ink, but smeared with blood and tears. When we read his words today, we always clearly hear a patriotic minister crying and expressing his love again and again. I will never forget the image of him standing on the railing in the setting sun, staring into the distance.

Why was Xin Qiji so disliked by the court after he returned to the south? He said in a play "Quiting Alcohol": "There are no complaints, big or small, and they are born from what you love; there is no good or bad thing, and if you go too far, it will lead to disaster." This life sketch perfectly depicts his political anguish. He was resentful because of his patriotism and suffered disaster because of his due diligence. He loved the country, the people, and the court so much. But the court was afraid of him, annoyed him, and avoided using him. He lived as a subject of the Southern Song Dynasty for 40 years, but was idle for nearly 20 years. During the more than 20 years of being used intermittently, he was frequently transferred 37 times. But whenever he gets an opportunity to play, he works very seriously and persistently. Originally, he should not be too busy when he had a bowl of food to eat, but his ardent patriotism burned him all over. In the past 40 years, no matter where he was, at any time, or in any position, even when he was unemployed, he kept writing letters and nagging. Whenever he had the opportunity, he had to work hard, train troops, raise funds, organize government affairs, and always put on a good show. He looks like he's about to rush to the front line. Do you think this will not upset the Lord and Gou An’s court? He served as Hunan's pacification envoy. He was originally a local chief executive, but during his tenure, he founded a 2,500-strong "Flying Tiger Army" with armored horses and majestic troops in the south of the Yangtze River. At the beginning of the founding of the army, the barracks were built, but it happened to be rainy for days and roof tiles could not be fired. He ordered the citizens of Changsha to send 20 pieces of tiles to each household and pay in cash immediately, and all the money was raised within two days. His capable style of governance is evident. Later, he went to Fujian to serve as a local official and recruited troops there. Although southern Fujian and Mobei are far apart, they can't separate him from his concern for the people and his ambition to restore the country. He was a scholar and a workaholic, but he went too far, and "excesses would lead to disaster". He eventually attracted a lot of slander, and even said that he was dictatorial and guilty. The emperor used him sometimes and discarded him sometimes. When the state was in crisis, he used it for a few days; when there was slander in the court, he abandoned it for a few years. This was his basic rhythm of life, and it was also the greatest tragedy of his life. Although he read a lot of poems and books, he used allusions everywhere in his poems, and was even ridiculed by later generations as "dropping his book bag". But until his death, he still did not understand why the small court of the Southern Song Dynasty only wanted to maintain peace and was unwilling to regain the lost territory.

Xin Qiji is famous for his illness, but does his five-foot body, which has been wielding guns and swords since childhood and is as strong as an iron tower, have any diseases? He has only one heart problem: the golden cup is missing, the moon is not full, the mountains and rivers are broken, and his heart is uneasy.

Under the clear river water at Yugu Terrace, many passers-by shed tears! Looking northwest to Chang'an, there are countless pitiful mountains. The green mountains cannot cover it, and it will flow eastward after all. Jiang Wan was worried about me.

I heard partridges deep in the mountains.

This is the famous "Bodhisattva Man" that we read in middle school textbooks. He suffers from depression. He even laughed at his own surname:

The scorching sun and autumn frost are loyal and courageous, and the family tree lasts for thousands of years. What year did you get your surname? Xianshen

The word Xin, you will listen to it with a smile. Hard work, sad taste, always bitter

Bitter. It is even more pungent to people, and the pounding of pepper and cinnamon can make people spit it out. There should be something in the world, fragrant

Sweet and rich, but it cannot reach the door of my house.

("Eternal Happiness")

Look at the words "hardship", "bitterness", "sadness" and "spiciness", which are really scary. There are many sweet things and ambitions in the world, but why does it never happen to him? He is either being idle or being moved around like a revolving door. In 1179, he was transferred from Hubei to Hunan. When his colleagues saw him off, he was in a difficult mood, and finally sighed his political frustration in a very tactful tone. This is the famous song "Touching for Fish":

It can also eliminate several storms, and spring returns in a hurry. Cherish the spring and be afraid of the flowers blooming

Early, not to mention the countless falling reds. Spring and stay! Jian said, "There is no way back for the fragrant grass at the end of the world."

Hateful and silent. Even though I am only diligent, I paint the cobwebs on the eaves and fly catkins all over the place.

It’s a long-term affair, and the wedding date was exactly right but wrong. Mo Mei was once jealous. Spending a Thousand Gold to Buy It

Xiangrufu, who can complain about this feeling? Don't dance. If you don't see it, the jade rings and flying swallows will be dust.

Dust. Idle sorrow is the most painful. Don't go and lean on the dangerous building, where the setting sun is setting and the willows are breaking your heart.

It is said that Song Xiaozong was very unhappy after seeing this poem. Liang Qichao commented: "The ileus is so turbulent that it is unprecedented and unprecedented." The "Changmen incident" refers to the fact that Empress Chen of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was banished to the Changmen Palace. Compared with this classic, Xin is full of loyalty, infatuation, and a lot of bitterness, hard work, and pungency, which really overturns the five flavors. When we read it today, every word was surprising and made you feel like it was just a drop of blood or a line of tears. Indeed, there are so many works by literati in ancient times that they can pile up into a paper mountain. But which song can turn the spring scenery into politics and interpret politics in such a tactful and tragic way? Lovesickness is also a theme that old literati wrote poorly about. Is there any song that can so profoundly and appropriately imply state affairs, comment on good and evil, and express sorrow and indignation?

But after all, the Southern Song Dynasty court left him idle for 20 years. For 20 years, he was kept out of politics. He was only allowed to watch, but was not allowed to interfere or interfere. In his poem, Xin laughed at himself and said: "The king is kind to you, please teach me how to grow hibiscus!" This is a bit like Song Renzong saying about Liu Yong: "Go and sing in a low voice, why do you want to be famous?" Liu Yong really went to Qian. I sang in a low voice, and the result was a pure lyricist and artist. Xin is different from Liu. If you think about it, he is a person who drinks from a big bowl, eats large pieces of meat, slaps the railings, and discusses politics loudly. With no way to serve the country, he went to northeastern Jiangxi to build a villa with a lake to chew on his loneliness.

I love the lake very much, thousands of feet of green dome. Mr. Zhang has nothing to do and walks a thousand times a day. All the gulls and herons who have made an alliance with us, after today's alliance, please do not speculate on each other's comings and goings. Wherever the white crane is, try to come with it.

Break the green duckweed, row out the green algae, and stand up the green moss. The peeping fish laughs at your crazy plan, and raises my cup in confusion. Abandoned swamps and barren hills are past, the moon is bright and the breeze is refreshing. This night, there is so much joy and sorrow in the world. There is less green shade on the east bank, and more willow trees need to be planted.

("Shui Tiao Ge Tou")

This time he really accepted his nickname "Jia Xuan" and returned to his hometown to farm.

A politician who is in his prime, has rich experience, and has great ambitions, but he paces the hillsides and waterside every day, chatting with the people about the harvest of mulberry and other things, and then talks to himself to the birds and fish. It is really "Idle sorrow is the most painful", "Who can complain about this feeling?"

Speaking of the depth of Xin Qiji's pen, whether it is carved with a knife or written with blood, in fact, his pursuit has never been to make a word people. Guo Moruo said that Chen Yi "the general is a poet by nature"; Xin Qiji is a poet by nature and a warrior by nature, and a warrior by nature is a politician. His words are soy milk juice ground out in the great millstone of politics. He evolved from martial arts to literature, and from literature to politics. He was always in conflict between being born and entering the world, and was suffering from being used or abandoned. As a feudal intellectual, when it came to politics, he was not like Tao Yuanming, who only dabbled in politics and then never got involved in politics; nor was he like Bai Juyi, who had been in office for a long time and was both political and literary. He has a heart that is bigger than the sky and hotter than the sky for the country and the nation; he has an energy that he has been practicing for a long time and cannot hold back or use up. He doesn't care about "losing his waist with five buckets of rice", nor is he afraid of the outpouring of slander. Therefore, whenever the situation fluctuates, he is busy and idle, with great ups and downs, great advances and great retreats. If he has some political achievements, he will be slandered and abandoned; if the country is in crisis, he will be recruited and appointed. He personally organized and trained the army and wrote famous strategies for governing the country such as "Ten Essays on Meiqin". He is a politician like Jia Yi, Zhuge Liang, and Fan Zhongyan who is always worried. He is like a piece of iron that is sometimes hammered red-hot and sometimes thrown into cold water to be quenched. Some people say that he is a bold and bold person who inherited Su Dongpo, but Su's boldness was limited to "going eastward with the great river" and the vastness of the mountains and rivers. Su Zheng was in the peaceful and prosperous age of the Northern Song Dynasty, and there was no national hatred or ambition to refining the soul of his poetry, nor was there Hu Chenfei and Jin Geming to enhance the power of his poetry. Only when a true poet is squeezed, twisted, twisted, refined and hammered by political events (including social, national, military and other contradictions) can he gain insights in line with the historical trend and become the incarnation of justice. Poetry can only fly, burn, explode, and enlighten people if it is stirred by the wind of politics. The skill of learning poetry lies outside of poetry, and the effectiveness of poetry lies outside of poetry. We recognize the charm of art itself, and more importantly, the explosive power of art plus thought. Some people say that Xin's poems are actually of the graceful school, and are as sentimental and delicate as those of Liu Yong and Li Qingzhao.

I have been so worried lately, who can take pity on me? Who understands each other? Let me worry about it again. They all put the endless things of the past and present aside from their sorrow. Put it on the side of sorrow, but move your home to Jiuquan. ("Ugly Slave")

The young man does not know the feeling of sorrow and falls in love with the upper floors. Falling in love with the upper floors, I force myself to express my sorrow in order to compose new words. Now that I know all the sorrow, I want to stop talking. I wanted to give up, but I said it was a cool autumn. ("Ugly Slave")

The sentimentality and sadness of Liu and Li are limited to "holding hands and looking into each other's tearful eyes" and "the sycamore trees are drizzled with rain", while the graceful and melancholy words in Xin's poems, In its light artistic beauty, it contains profound political and life philosophy. A true poet is the best at expressing great feelings and principles from ordinary people's hearts, and can make thunderous noises in silent places.

I often think that if I were to create a statue of Xin Qiji, the most appropriate title would be "Photograph all over the railings." He spent most of his life feeling abandoned and helpless. Those in power do not allow him to serve as an official, but prepare a negative environment for him to hone his thoughts and art. He was steamed and sun-dried, boiled and fried, and tempered countless times. The storms of history, the hatred of the nation, the struggle between good and evil, the entanglement of love and hate, the accumulation of knowledge, the casting of emotions, the sublimation of art, the hammering of words, all of this was tumbling in his chest and his mind. , agitation, such as the rolling and swelling of magma in the earth's crust, impact and accumulation. Since this energy cannot be transformed into the power of swords and guns, and it cannot be transformed into political policies, it can only be poured into poetry and transformed into poems. He didn't want to be a poet, but the road to politics was blocked, and history forced him to become a poet. Finally, he was trained to the point where he could even sigh and write a good poem. In the final analysis, talents and ideas are the foundation of a person's life. Like a small tree in a crevice between rocks, although it is twisted and squeezed and cannot become a flagpole, it can still become a powerful dragon-headed walking stick, which is of great value. But the premise is that you must be a tree, not a seedling of grass.

From "the soldiers are ordered in autumn on the battlefield" to "the cool weather brings a good autumn"; from the determination to give up the disease for the country, to finally breaking it into pieces and chewing it, understanding the meaning of the word "Xin", and then calling itself "Jia Xuan", allied with Oulu , Xin Qiji went through the maturation process of a patriot and a patriotic poet. Can anyone write poetry? A poet, a poet who can leave a name in history, can anyone be a poet? "One general's achievements lead to the death of thousands of bones." The story of a military general requires the blood of sword wielders and dancers to write it. So, what about poets who have both ideological brilliance and artistic charm? His fame depends on the movement of the times, like the collision of the earth's large plates. Sometimes he is caught in the middle and feels torture, and sometimes he is left aside and forced to think calmly. Therefore, the 300 years of turmoil in the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties gave rise to Xin Qiji.

(August 2000)