What is a markup control language?

Markup language, also called markup language, is a computer text encoding that combines text (Text) and other information related to the text to show details about the document structure and data processing. Other information related to the text (including, for example, the structure and presentation information of the text) is combined with the original text but identified using markup.

Introduction

Markup language, also called markup language, is a language that combines text (Text) and other information related to the text to show details about the document structure and data processing. computer text encoding. Other information related to the text (including, for example, the structure and presentation information of the text) is combined with the original text but identified using markup. The markup languages ??widely used today are HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Markup Language (eXtensible Markup Language, XML). Markup languages ??are widely used in web pages and web applications. Markup was first used in the publishing industry as a format used by authors, editors, and publishers to describe the formatting of published works.

Classification of markup language

Markup language can usually be divided into three categories: expressive, procedural and descriptive.

Presentational markup language

Presentational markup language (Presentational markup) marks the structural information of the document during the encoding process. For example, in a text file, the title of the file may need to be represented in a specific format (centered, enlarged, etc.), so we need to mark the title of the file. Word processing and desktop publishing products can sometimes automatically infer this kind of structural information, but for the most part, plain text editors like Wiki cannot solve this problem.

Procedural markup

Procedural markup language (Procedural markup) is generally specialized in text expression, but is usually visible to text editors and can be used by software in the order in which it appears. Interpret in turn. To format a title, a series of formatting identifiers are inserted immediately before the title text to instruct the computer to switch to a centered display mode and to increase and bold the font size. After the title text, a format abort indicator will be appended; for more advanced system macro commands or this stack mode, the implementation of this process will be richer. In most cases, procedural labeling capabilities include a Turing-complete programming language. Examples of procedural markup languages ??include: nroff, troff, TeX, Lout and PostScript. Procedural markup languages ??are widely used in the field of professional publishing, and professional publishers will use different markup languages ??according to requirements to meet publishing requirements.

Descriptive Marking

History The word "markup" comes from the traditional publishing industry's "marking" of a manuscript, that is, adding some symbols to the edges of the original to indicate printing. requirements. For a long time, this work has been carried out by specialized people ("markup men") and proofreaders, who mark the manuscripts as to what fonts, font styles and sizes to use, and then hand the manuscripts over to others for manual typesetting. Work. GenCode TeX Main article: TeX TeX is a powerful typesetting software written by American computer professor Donald E. Knuth. It is very popular in academia, especially in mathematics, physics, and computer science. TeX is generally considered a good typesetting tool, especially when dealing with complex mathematical formulas. Using terminal software such as LaTeX, TeX can typeset beautiful text. SGML SGML is a specialized markup language used to write electronic versions of the Oxford English Dictionary. Due to the complexity of SGML, it is difficult to popularize it.

HTML Main article: HTML HyperText Markup Language (English: HyperText Markup Language, referred to as HTML) is a markup language designed for creating web pages and other information that can be seen in a web browser. XML Main article: XML Extensible Markup Language (XML for short), also known as Extensible Markup Language, is a markup language. Tags refer to information symbols that computers can understand. Through such tags, computers can process articles containing various information. XHTML Main article: XHTML eXtensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is a markup language whose expression is similar to Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), but its syntax is more strict. Other XML-based applications There are other XML-based applications, such as RDF, XForms, DocBook, SOAP, and Web Ontology Language (OWL). For details, see the XML markup language list. Features Other applications XAML (Extensible Application Markup Language), based on XML language, is used in Microsoft WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation).

Edit this section of markup language history

Markup language (markup language) uses a series of agreed tags to mark electronic documents to realize the semantics and structure of electronic documents. , and format definition. These tags must be easily distinguishable from the content and easily identifiable. The development of markup languages ??is as follows: GML(1969) | SGML(1985) | XML(1998) ,,,,,,,, HTML(1993) |——————|——|————|——| MathML , WML, SVG, CML, A general document format that must follow specific rules. This is the guiding principle for the creation of GML (Generalized Markup Language, General Markup Language). Starting from people's motivation to structure documents into a standard format, IBM created GML. 2. On the basis of achieving a complete understanding of the concept of markup language, the development team led by IBM researcher Charles Goldfarb improved GML and called it SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). SGML became IBM's internal means of formatting and maintaining legalized files. It was later expanded and modified as a comprehensive information standard to adapt to a wide range of applications in the industry. In 1986, SGML was adopted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its function is very powerful, but it is very complex and requires a lot of expensive software to run, so it has not been promoted for a long time. 3. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee and Anders Berglund, researchers at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERT), jointly created a markup-based language HTML, which can be regarded as a simple application of SGML. At first, it only provided a A method of displaying static text information. Later, more and more tags were produced. The two major browser manufacturers Microsoft and Netscape even created compatibility tags for their own products, making HMTL bloated and incompatible. good.

4. In 1996, people began to work on describing a new markup language, which is a method of applying the flexibility and power of SGML in the WEB. W3C (World Wide Web Consortium, Global World Wide Web Consortium - leads the World Wide Web and formulates its The International Organization for Promoting the Development of the World Wide Web and ensuring its interoperability has established a group of experts to do this work. In 1998.2, w3c approved the XML1.0 specification. XML (eXtensible Markup Language, extensible markup language) has the core features of SGML, but it is concise and its content is not even one-tenth of SGML.