Xiong Bingqi: What is exam-oriented education and what is quality education?

Xiong Bingqi: What exactly is exam-oriented education and what is quality education 20 17-05-23? Ten twenty _ four p _ m

From April 2065438 to April 2007, Lu Jianguo, director of the Education Bureau of Ganyu District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, gave a lecture entitled "Fully Understanding the Political Correctness of Exam-oriented Education" at the Spring Class of the Party School of Lianyungang Municipal Committee. The Education Bureau of Ganyu District subsequently forwarded the remarks in its official Weibo.

According to some viewpoints in this speech, the author wrote an article "What should the education department pay most attention to?"? It is believed that the education department of the local government should pay the most attention to the rule of law. On the basis of the government's education department's governance according to law, it is the school's independent choice whether to implement exam-oriented education or quality education.

Some people have raised objections to my opinion that it is impossible for schools to choose to implement exam-oriented education by administering education according to law. "All basic education schools should implement quality education, and there is no choice between exam-oriented education and quality education."

From this perspective, it seems that the opponents are not wrong. Because Article 5 of China's Education Law stipulates: "Education must be combined with productive labor and social practice to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty." Article 6 stipulates: "Education should adhere to moral education, ... and enhance the social responsibility, innovative spirit and practical ability of the educated." Article 3 of the Compulsory Education Law clearly stipulates: "Compulsory education must implement the national education policy, implement quality education, improve the quality of education, enable school-age children and adolescents to develop in an all-round way in morality, intelligence and physique, and lay the foundation for cultivating socialist builders and successors with ideals, morality, culture and discipline." According to these laws and regulations, it is illegal for schools not to implement quality education.

In recent years, China's educational circles and society have different views on what is quality education and exam-oriented education. The picture shows the scene of the 100-day inspirational education activity of Hebei Hengshui No.2 Middle School Entrance Examination on the morning of February 26th, 20 14. (Source: Oriental IC)

First, education laws and regulations do not define what exam-oriented education is.

However, is it illegal to implement exam-oriented education? From the legal point of view, only when the law clearly stipulates that exam-oriented education is not quality education can it be implemented in this way. After further consulting all the education laws and documents, there is no precise definition of what exam-oriented education is. It's just that people generally think that the concept of quality education is put forward for exam-oriented education, but there is no clear statement about whether the relationship between them is completely opposite or inclusive.

The "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Examination Enrollment System" promulgated in 20 14 and the "Outline of the Medium-and Long-term Youth Development Plan (20 17-2025)" issued by the State Council this year all mentioned "examination-oriented education", but the specific expression is "taking promoting students' healthy growth and success as the starting point and foothold of the reform, and reversing the tendency of one-sided examination-oriented education". Moreover, the formulation of "reversing the one-sided examination-oriented education tendency" is also intriguing, which can be understood as that there is no problem with the examination-oriented education tendency, as long as it is not one-sided examination-oriented education.

When there is no clear definition of exam-oriented education in laws and national policy documents, the understanding of quality education and exam-oriented education in the whole society and education circles is very confusing. Some people will say that "quality education must be implemented" is obviously opposed to exam-oriented education. But there are two problems. First, exam-oriented education must be defined as the concept of anti-quality education. Second, this concept is clearly defined and has no definition. It is considered that implementing quality education is equivalent to opposing exam-oriented education, which is unreasonable in law and difficult to implement. That is the reality. Some research articles completely oppose quality education and exam-oriented education, while some school-running people think that exam-oriented education is also quality education, which is in line with China's current national conditions. Obviously, according to this definition, even if the law stipulates that quality education must be implemented, it will not affect the actual exam-oriented education, because everyone's understanding of quality education is different, and quality education has become a big basket in real education. Many traditional exam-oriented education practices have been labeled with the concept of quality education and become "quality education".

This is why people have been arguing about what is quality education and what is exam-oriented education. Furthermore, if the law clearly defines what is quality education and what is exam-oriented education, then according to the law that must implement quality education, there is no question of whether compulsory education (basic education) in China is exam-oriented education or quality education. Because if only the implementation of quality education is legal, then the implementation of exam-oriented education is illegal. How can we say "fully understand the political correctness of exam-oriented education"? This is clearly discussing an illegal proposition.

Second, quality education and exam-oriented education have different opinions

Because there is no clear concept of quality education and exam-oriented education, there are different opinions on these two concepts in China's education and society for many years.

For example, the education circle defines exam-oriented education as an educational thought and behavior that is divorced from the needs of social development, violates the law of students' growth, and adopts abnormal teaching methods to meet the entrance examination. According to this definition, exam-oriented education is obviously illegal and should be stopped and banned. But the key to this definition lies in the school-running behavior, not in the school-running goal pursued by the school. If the value orientation of running a school also pursues the enrollment rate, but does not adopt abnormal teaching methods, it does not belong to exam-oriented education. Therefore, the education sector also defines the exam-oriented training for students around the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination, which is different from the exam-oriented education.

According to the above definition, it is not difficult to understand that although many local schools pursue the enrollment rate and emphasize the examination-oriented training of students, local education departments do not think that these schools are conducting examination-oriented education, but are promoting quality education. Because according to the above definition of exam-oriented education, the school has not taken abnormal measures. Moreover, according to this definition of exam-oriented education, the school has also successfully implemented educational laws and regulations. After all, all schools have implemented quality education according to law.

However, parents and society have different understanding of exam-oriented education. Those schools that take entrance examination as the baton and pursue students' scores and enrollment rate are also exam-oriented education, because their basic value orientation is entrance examination and exam-oriented education. It is precisely because parents and society have such an understanding of exam-oriented education, and this understanding has a very obvious deviation from that of the education sector, so there will be a dispute between quality education and exam-oriented education. For example, not long ago, the establishment of a branch school in Pinghu, Zhejiang Province caused controversy and was interpreted by public opinion as "invading a province with quality education". The implication is that quality education has been widely implemented in the field of basic education in Zhejiang. According to the definition of exam-oriented education, most schools in Zhejiang have not taken unconventional measures to pursue the enrollment rate. Therefore, it can't be called "exam-oriented education" and become quality education. However, in most people's minds, the basic education in Zhejiang has not got rid of the exam-oriented orientation, and it is still exam-oriented education.

In his speech, Lu Jianguo opposed the definition of exam-oriented education in the education field. He said: "On Baidu Encyclopedia, the concept of exam-oriented education is like this: exam-oriented education is an educational concept and method that is divorced from the needs of social development and aims at meeting the entrance examination. At first, it was "divorced from the needs of social development", and later it was renamed as "cramming education" of exam-oriented education. For example, similar systems are: imperial examination system, stereotyped writing and literary inquisition. In fact, equating exam-oriented education with literary inquisition is simply adding to the crime. "

His statement has been supported by many people, which is caused by the vague understanding of exam-oriented education within the education sector at present. Lu Jianguo's understanding of exam-oriented education is not an exam-oriented education conducted by abnormal means, but an "educational concept and practice mode in the basic education stage focusing on students' college entrance examination", which is similar to the exam-oriented education recognized by ordinary people. But this is not the exam-oriented education recognized by some educators. At most, they classify this as exam-oriented training, not exam-oriented education. Discussing problems with different concepts, just like a chicken talking to a duck, can't reach any understanding, but becomes a boring war of words.

The author also found an article written by a scholar entitled "Rehabilitation for Examination-oriented Education", which is in line with Lu Jianguo's statement that examination-oriented education is stigmatized. The real problem is that so far, the concept of exam-oriented education has not been accurately defined in legal texts. How can there be strong governance if the specific concepts are not clear?

Three, the law should clearly define what is exam-oriented education.

The confused understanding of quality education and exam-oriented education has brought confusion to the education governance in various places: some people think that promoting quality education means not taking exams, so they think that reducing, canceling exams and reducing homework means promoting quality education; Some shout for quality education, but what they actually do is exam-oriented education.

In addition, in recent years, due to the educational circles, parents and the public's deviation in the definition of exam-oriented education, the educational public opinion field is also very chaotic. For example, the education department claims to have implemented quality education in a high-profile way, but parents don't buy it, but in fact, the quality education understood by the education department and parents is not the same thing. For another example, the media criticized some schools for taking abnormal measures to implement exam-oriented education, but they did not get the approval of their parents. Parents thought that this was different from other schools and everyone pursued the same goal. In addition, the distinction between exam-oriented training and exam-oriented education also makes the public think that this is a cover-up. In the final analysis, isn't it the pursuit of exam results?

More importantly, in these quarrels, those schools that really violate the rules and take extreme measures to pursue the enrollment rate are condoned. In the clamor of advocating quality education, the tendency of basic education to take exams is more serious, and some schools run schools illegally and become super middle schools.

Objectively speaking, the basic education in China is exam-oriented, which is a basic cognition that our society must have. If the education department only pursues the goal of entering a higher school by abnormal means, defines the exam-oriented education as "exam-oriented education" and classifies the exam-oriented training and the pursuit of the goal of entering a higher school as exam-oriented training, it is considered not to be exam-oriented education. This is playing with the concept, not managing the attitude of exam-oriented education, but making the whole education circle numb to the overall orientation of current exam-oriented education.

Therefore, it is very important to clarify what is the rule of law (corresponding to illegal school running) and what is exam-oriented education (a mode of illegal school running or the value choice of schools on the basis of legal school running) for solving many problems in the field of basic education in China and promoting educational reform. When some basic concepts that affect the operation of basic education are vague, it is difficult to implement Scientific Outlook on Development in the development of education, improve the quality of education and expand the fairness of education. In my opinion, China must clearly define quality education and exam-oriented education.

Fourth, some suggestions.

With regard to clearly defining quality education and exam-oriented education, the author has the following suggestions.

First, quality education is defined as personality education, that is, education that teaches students in accordance with their aptitude. The real quality education should be personalized education, that is, appropriate education for different students, which is the traditional teaching in accordance with their aptitude. Implementing quality education requires a multi-evaluation system. Under the multi-evaluation system, schools run schools independently, carry out multi-education and personality education, and develop students' personality and interests. In the multi-evaluation system, it is not that we don't want to take exams or pay attention to students' scores, but that we don't take exams and scores as the only criteria for evaluating students. This avoids the current opposition between quality education and exam-oriented education. In diversified education, there is no so-called exam-oriented education and quality education, only education suitable for students.

Secondly, the orientation of exam-oriented education is defined as education with the value orientation of further education. The whole school revolves around continuing education and adopts the mode of continuing education. This choice of running a school is legal. In the multi-evaluation system, what kind of school-running mode a school adopts depends on the orientation of running a school and the situation of the educated, and different schools can have different orientation and choices of running a school. If all schools adopt the entrance mode, it shows that the value pursuit of the whole basic education is exam-oriented education. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the influence of national education management system, enrollment examination system and talent evaluation system on school values. In other words, in order to give schools multiple choices, it is necessary to reform the evaluation system, which is a problem that cannot be solved by administering education according to law.

Thirdly, all schools that adopt abnormal management and teaching methods and pursue the enrollment rate are defined as illegal schools, and illegal schools are strictly supervised. There are abnormal behaviors that are harmful to students' physical and mental health in running schools. This is not the orientation of exam-oriented education, but running schools in violation of regulations, and running schools according to law must be explicitly prohibited. Running a school must respect the rights of teachers and students and must not infringe on the rights of students. This is the bottom line of running a school.

According to the above definition, the "exam-oriented education" defined by educators who pursue the enrollment rate by abnormal means is actually an illegal school, which must be managed and prohibited before education can be governed according to law. But the exam-oriented training defined by some people in the field of education is actually exam-oriented education. They say that the so-called rule of law must oppose exam-oriented education, which seems to advocate strict management of exam-oriented education, but in fact it beautifies the current exam-oriented training education into quality education. Because the law can only control illegal school running. On the basis of managing education according to law, the author supports that schools can run schools independently, choose to implement exam-oriented education, and clearly regard "exam-oriented education" defined by educators as illegal running schools.

Managing education according to law needs to put an end to the illegal behavior of running schools by abnormal means, and on the basis of running schools according to law, the essence of examination is to choose schools. It is the direction of the reform of China's examination evaluation system to let schools have multiple choices instead of focusing on a single choice of examinations. (Transferred from Education Thought Network)