Rice growth process

Rice grows very fast, the longest is one year, and the fastest is three to four months, from germination, flowering to fruiting. It takes only two or three days for rice seeds to grow new buds, and it takes only three days for new buds to grow their first leaves. Therefore, rice can be planted three times a year in areas with mild climate.

When farmers choose rice seeds, they often soak them in water. The light and floating rice seeds will be eliminated and the rest will be cultivated into rice seedlings. At present, in addition to the traditional manual farming methods, there are also highly mechanized farming methods. But still don't lose the following steps:

Soil preparation:

Before planting rice, the paddy soil must be ploughed to make it soft. This process is divided into three stages: rough tillage, fine tillage and leveling. In the past, people used animals and plows (mainly buffaloes) to prepare and plow the land, but now they use machines to prepare the land. ?

Seedling raising:

Farmers first cultivate seedlings in a field, which is usually called a paddy field. After sowing rice seeds, most farmers will sprinkle a layer of rice husk ash on the soil. In modern times, special nursery centers use nursery boxes to make rice seedlings grow, and good rice seedlings are the key to the success of rice cultivation. When the seedlings grow to about eight centimeters high, they can be transplanted. ?

Transplant:

Carefully insert the seedlings into the rice fields, and the space is orderly. The traditional transplanting method will mark the rice field with seedling rope, seedling label or transplanting wheel. When transplanting rice seedlings by hand, you will wear a seedling separator on your left thumb to help farmers separate the seedlings and insert them into the soil. The climate of transplanting rice seedlings is very important, such as heavy rain will damage the seedlings.

In modern times, there are many rice transplanters used for transplanting rice, but in rice fields with large fluctuations and non-square shapes, manual transplanting is still needed. Generally speaking, seedlings will show a north-south trend. There are also more convenient seedling throwing. ?

Weeding and pest control:

When seedlings grow, we should always take care of them and eradicate weeds, and sometimes we should use pesticides to kill pests (such as snails). ?

Fertilization:

When the seedlings rise and grow the first rice stalk, it is called tillering stage. During this period, fertilization is often needed to make rice seedlings grow healthily and promote the fullness and quantity of rice quality in the future. ?

Irrigation and drainage:

Rice is more dependent on this procedure. Upland rice is a upland field, and the process of irrigation and drainage is different. However, it is generally necessary to strengthen water irrigation after transplanting, when young panicles are formed and at the heading and flowering stage. ?

Harvest:

When the ears of rice droop and are golden and full, you can start harvesting. In the past, farmers cut them one by one with sickles and tied them up, and then separated them with threshers. In modern times, there are harvesters, which directly separate the rice ears from the stems after they are involved, and the rice ears become rice one by one. ?

Drying and deleting:

The harvested rice needs to be dried. In the past, most of them were dried in the front yard of Sanhe Hospital, and it was necessary to turn and dry rice from time to time. Deleting and sorting means deleting impurities such as shriveled grains, dividing grains by electric thresher, windmill or manual shaking, and automatically screening out full and heavy rice by wind power.

Extended data:

Rice is a herbaceous rice, a cereal crop and the most important and oldest food in rice, which is different from upland rice. Rice is native to China and India, and was planted in the Yangtze River valley of China seven thousand years ago.

Rice is divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and mid-late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to rice types. There are other classifications, which are divided into rice and floating rice according to whether there is soilless culture or not; According to the life cycle, it is divided into seasonal rice and "lazy rice" (new year ratooning rice); According to the height, it is divided into ordinary rice and giant rice about 2 meters; According to salt tolerance and alkalinity, it can be divided into ordinary light rice and "sea rice" (in fact, fresh water is mainly used).

The fruit of rice is rice, which is called brown rice after hulling. Rice can be obtained by grinding brown rice to remove the rice bran layer. Nearly half of the world's population lives on rice. Besides being edible, rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for wine making and sugar making, and rice husk and straw can be used as feed. The main rice producing areas in China are Northeast China, Yangtze River Basin and Pearl River Basin. Belonging to direct cash crops. It is also the staple food of one third of mankind in the world. It is also the main organic food for southerners.

The growth type of rice refers to the different start-stop relationship between tillering termination period (jointing stage) and panicle differentiation period. There are three relationships between spike differentiation and jointing stage.

1 overlapping type: panicle differentiation precedes jointing, that is, tillering has not stopped panicle differentiation, and tillering stage overlaps with long panicle. As a triple cropping system, double cropping rice or early maturing mid-season rice belongs to subtypes.

2. Cohesive type: ear differentiation and jointing are basically carried out at the same time, that is, ear differentiation begins at the end of tillering, that is, the tillering stage is connected with the long ear stage. The medium-mature varieties with five elongation nodes on the ground should be combined with production, popularization and control. Most of them are late-maturing middle rice and early-maturing late rice.

3 segregation type: panicle differentiation began at jointing stage and started at 10 ~ 15 days after tillering termination, that is, separation at tillering stage and long panicle stage. There are six or more expansion joints above the ground, which belong to this type. Because of its long vegetative growth period, it should be controlled in the early stage of cultivation to ensure safe maturity. Most late-maturing late rice belongs to subtypes.

Rice is a short-day crop that likes temperature and humidity. Main ecological factors affecting rice distribution and zoning;

① The heat resource is generally ≥ 10℃, the accumulated temperature is 2000 ~ 4500℃, the suitable place for planting double-season rice is 4500 ~ 7000℃, 5300℃ is the safe limit of double-season rice, and the three-season rice can be planted above 7000℃;

(2) Water affects the layout of rice, which is embodied in the principle of "fixing rice with water";

③ Sunshine hours affect rice variety distribution and productivity;

④ The change of altitude affects the distribution of rice through the change of temperature;

⑤ Good paddy soil should have high water and fertilizer retention capacity, and at the same time have certain air permeability, and its pH value is close to neutral.

China rice planting area can be divided into 6 rice planting areas and 16 sub-areas.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-rice