What are the 48 international phonetic symbols?

The 48 international phonetic symbols are as follows:

Based on the Latin alphabet, it was designed by the International Phonetics Association as a standardized marking method for spoken pronunciation. According to the design of international phonetic symbols, we can distinguish the following opposing components of oral quality: phoneme, intonation and the separation of words and syllables. There is another widely used international phonetic symbol expansion system to express the sound quality such as interdental sounds and sounds produced by cleft lip and palate.

Following the principle of "one sound, one symbol and one sound", the International Phonetic Alphabet was originally used for phonetic notation in Indo-European languages and African languages. After years of development, with the efforts of China linguist Zhao Yuanren and others, the International Phonetic Alphabet has been gradually improved (the tone symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet have been improved, and vowel phonetic symbols on the tip of the tongue have been added. ) and can be used to annotate oriental languages such as Chinese.

Extended data:

For example, [a], [i] and [u] are the three most common vowels in human language. Looking up the vowel chart, we can see that [a] is the first low vowel of non-round lip, [i] is the first high vowel of non-round lip, and [u] is the last high vowel of round lip. You can try to pronounce these three vowels and feel the position of your tongue and the shape of your lips.

These three vowels are connected by [ι], which constitutes the pronunciation range of human vowels. The trapezoid in the vowel tongue table includes all vowels that can be pronounced. Diphthongs is usually represented by syllabic symbols, such as? However, tie bars are also used, especially when it is difficult to accurately indicate whether vowels slide up or down. A: o? e？ .

Baidu encyclopedia-international phonetic symbol