The characteristics of Wu dialect need to be illustrated by examples.

Ningbo dialect belongs to Mingzhou small piece (or Yongjiang small piece) of Wu dialect Taihu piece. Ningbo dialect has both the characteristics of Wu dialect and distinctive personality characteristics. The following options should be explained. & ltBR & gt( 1) Phonetics, Ningbo dialect has always been known as "hard bones and iron bones". There is a saying that "it is better to listen to the gossip of Ningbo people than to listen to the quarrel between Suzhou people", which means that although they are all in Wu dialect, Suzhou dialect is "waxy", even if they quarrel, it is good to listen; Ningbo dialect is "hard", even talking is like quarreling. "As hard as stone and as hard as iron" is the phonetic feature of Ningbo dialect. This is because, firstly, Ningbo dialect has well preserved the ancient Rusheng characters. Jiang Xue written by Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty: "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of paths. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " "Jue", "Jue", "Xue", "Li" and "Du" are all entered into the tone, and the ending is glottis, which is particularly short to read. Second, many compound vowels become monosyllables. Such as Ian → I; Ann → me. So, the following words become homophonic: money = entanglement = strangeness, cutting = exhibition = number, line = norm = fineness; Trade union = clutch, astringent = thirsty, cigarette factory = clothing factory, noodle rice = rice. Third, the tone of voice also reflects the characteristics of "hard". Another feature of Ningbo dialect is that the phenomenon of phonetic change is common and complicated. For example: ducks, duck eggs, sound pressure; Ducks sound like swallows. Cats, white cats and black cats, sound like fur; A cat, slow voice. Card, house number, sound arrangement; Poker, music office. Uncle, uncle, sound contraction; Uncle, Song Yin. Uncle, uncle, Bai Yin; Aber, Yinbang. Foot, foot bone, sound connection; Turn your feet and the sound will. Understanding this phonetic change phenomenon will help us to correctly understand some difficult problems in Ningbo dialect. For example, "rainbow" is not called rainbow in authentic Ningbo dialect, but horseshoe crab (with roar). There are some common sayings, such as "horseshoe crabs in the east and horseshoe crabs in the west" and "It's not too early during the day, but horseshoe crabs get up at night". Horseshoe crab, a marine animal with a hard shell and a sword-shaped tail, was originally referred to as horseshoe crab. Its original intention has nothing to do with rainbows. When you say it's a rainbow, it's actually the sound change of the rainbow. "Dragon Boat Festival" is also called "Dragon Boat Festival", and Ningbo dialect is called "Wu Dong". As the saying goes, "After eating Wu Dong Zongzi, you should freeze it three times", and Wu Dong is also a sound change. The Ningbo dialect of boys is Xiaowan. Some people think that "Wan" is the chorus of "Wu Huan", while others think that Ben is regarded as "little stubborn" and stubbornly takes naughty meaning. In fact, Xiaowan is the sound change of Xiaowa. There are many places in Ningbo with "love" as their place names, such as Qiu Ai, Ai Wu, Wang Ai Road and Yao Ai Road. As the old saying goes, "Eighteen Ai in Dongxiang", the word "Ai" is pronounced in Putonghua, and reading "Ai" in Ningbo dialect has a phonological basis. The pronunciation of the word "one" in Ningbo dialect is the same, such as water and old wine. Tianyige has an exhibition hall of mahjong origin, and there is a view that mahjong originated in Ningbo in academic circles. One of the evidences is that mahjong is named after sparrows, and Ningbo people and sparrows are called mahjong. & ltBR & gt(2) The vocabulary of Ningbo dialect is quite different from that of Putonghua and even other Wu dialects. In recent years, humorous short messages edited in Ningbo dialect are very popular. In fact, many years ago, there were games to translate Mandarin into Ningbo dialect, such as Chairman Mao's quotation "You young people are like the sun at eight or nine o'clock in the morning". The answer is: it's eight or nine in the morning, and then the sun rises. The difference between the two lies mainly in vocabulary. Here are three pairs of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for comparison: & ltSTRONG & gt Putonghua Ningbo Dialect Putonghua Ningbo Dialect Putonghua Ningbo Dialect.