Osamu Dazai, fragile, alcoholic and suicidal.

1948, Osamu Dazai, who was prone to coughing up blood, realized that his time was running out, so he decided to continue his suicide plan.

/kloc-On a rainy night in June of 0/3, Osamu Dazai, who finished her disqualification on earth, and her lover Yamazaki Furong threw themselves into the river in Yuchuan. This is his fifth suicide, different from the previous four-this time he succeeded, and his body was found on his 39th birthday.

As the most representative figure in Japanese rogue literature, Osamu Dazai had sex with different women three times out of five suicides. He has lived in pain all his life. Even if readers love his works and women admire and care about him, they can't warm his decadent and world-weary heart.

The story of Ye Cang, the hero of Disqualification on Earth, highly restores his own growing experience: Osamu Dazai, born in a wealthy family, was originally named to Ma Xiuzhi. It is said that his great-grandfather has been a famous local rich man since the early Meiji period, and his tax payment once ranked in the top five in Aomori Prefecture. Today's western-style mansion "Sunset Pavilion" is the place where he was born. This mansion, built in 1905, is now used as the Osamu Dazai Memorial Hall, and it has become a must-see attraction of five original schools in Aomori. In fact, Osamu Dazai is a veritable rich second generation.

Rich second generation has rich second generation troubles. At that time, Osamu Dazai was the sixth son in the family. At that time, the expectations and treatment of the boss in the family were higher than those of other children. Take eating in peacetime as an example. Father and eldest brother can go into the big restaurant, while others can only sit in the corner of the small restaurant. Even if the two rooms are very close, anyone who accidentally walks into the dining hall will be scolded immediately, which is just the tip of the iceberg of their family rules.

When he grew up, Osamu Dazai entered the French Department of Imperial University in Tokyo, and joined the Japanese left-wing movement camp at that time under the introduction of acquaintances. This political move immediately aroused the vigilance of their families. Because they often participated in sports activities, they basically stopped attending classes, so they were warned by their families. Later, I wanted to marry the first generation geisha Xiaoshan, but I met with great resistance. My eldest brother Wen Zhi even threatened to disown Ma if you wanted to marry a geisha. Osamu Dazai is not even afraid of suicide. He doesn't care. He reached an informal agreement with early members of Congress. Since then, the relationship between Osamu Dazai and his family has been tense. Osamu Dazai, in her early twenties, began to enter the countdown to death.

1929, out of anxiety about his birth, he came up with the idea of taking sleeping pills to commit suicide and attempted suicide on the same day. 1930, I met the bar girl Langtanabe, and made an appointment to double suicide in Kamakura, which led to Tanabe's accidental death. 1935, he dropped out of college and later failed to apply for the post of news agency. His family cut off his living expenses, failed to participate in the Akutagawa Prize, had surgery, and relied heavily on drugs. Various factors led him to hang himself on Liancang Mountain, but this time the rope broke and he attempted suicide. 1937 participated in the Akutagawa Prize for the third time and lost again, which was extremely disappointing. So Xiaoshan and I committed suicide by taking sleeping pills in a hot spring, but it still didn't work. After officially breaking up with Xiaoshan, he began to fall into a degenerate and chaotic life. 1938, he got engaged to Satomi Ishihara. In the past ten years, he wrote Female Disciple, Sunset and Disgraced Human Beings, and then he met Yamazaki Furong in Yuchuan Yushui. He succeeded this time.

Suicide five times, being with different women three times, it seems that you can't even die, but this is actually an external manifestation of Osamu Dazai's inner cowardice.

You may not have seen the disqualification on the earth, but you may know that "I was born a man and I am sorry". It turns out that this sentence was written by Kyutaro in the Japanese poet Temple. What does this sentence have to do with Osamu Dazai? In fact, the word human disqualification means: losing the qualification to be a human being. "Sorry, I was born as a human being" is a further explanation of the connotation of "human disqualification".

In the second half of the book, there are many inner thoughts of world-weariness and despair, and readers can even see the words "I want to die, I must die, and living is the seed of evil". At first, the characters in Osamu Dazai's novels often acted to please the world under the shadow of inferiority. Once attacked by the outside world, they will hide in their inner world and feel sorry for themselves, and dig their feelings crazily, constantly reflect on their own shortcomings and constantly shape their dissatisfaction. This process drove me to make behaviors that bothered my personal defects until I could not bear the great pressure brought by self-knowledge and committed suicide.

If the depressed life experience of childhood makes him sensitive and fragile, then the entanglement with Akutagawa Prize makes him feel that life is against him everywhere.

Although Akutagawa Prize has become the highest prize in Japanese literature, it is only an unknown prize in 1935, and writers with certain literary status do not care about it.

But it is different for Osamu Dazai, who has been obsessed with Akutagawa Ryunosuke since childhood. He just dropped out of school, but he couldn't find a job for a long time. He is also addicted to drugs, so he can only ask his family for money to pay for his monthly living expenses. There is an Akutagawa Prize, 500 yuan, which is very attractive to Osamu Dazai. So from the first Akutagawa Prize, he actively participated in the selection.

What is the result? Although his Retrograde was shortlisted for the first Akutagawa Prize for Literature, in the final selection, judge Yasunari Kawabata criticized the world outlook in Osamu Dazai's works. He said: "Many authors' life and literary views have been gambled in their works, but in my personal opinion, the author's current life is full of smoke and can't give full play to his talents. "

Osamu Dazai was full of confidence before, and this failure made him very angry. He immediately wrote an article to Yasunari Kawabata, explaining the reasons for his miserable life, and responded: "Do you think I live a leisurely life like you, raising birds and attending dances? In your article, I feel that you are realistic and indifferent to society. I smell the copper smell on your body, which makes me feel extremely distressed. You must seriously and consciously experience the truth that the so-called writer lives in the' crack'. " In this way, the first Akutagawa Literature Award not only failed to win the prize, but also scolded Yasunari Kawabata. At this time, another famous writer in the future, Yukio Mishima, was only 65,438 years old. Ten years later, he will criticize Osamu Dazai with Yasunari Kawabata.

Anger is anger. Osamu Dazai didn't fail because of the failure of the first Akutagawa Prize, but prepared to attack the second Akutagawa Prize. He told another judge of the Akutagawa Prize, Haruhio Sato: "If I can win the Akutagawa Prize, I will be moved to tears for the friendship of the people, and I will cheer up, fight against all difficulties and hardships and overcome them. Please help me, don't make fun of me. " As a result, the famous 226 incident broke out in Japan this year: the empire sent young non-commissioned officers to launch a massacre against the Japanese cabinet in the name of eliminating "bad people around the emperor", and many senior ministers were assassinated. The February 26th incident not only led to the second Akutagawa Prize not winning, but also made the control faction belonging to fascism firmly grasp the power of the military system. If you want to know about the 226 incident, you can send a barrage and make a video for everyone to share in the future. The selection result of the second Akutagawa Prize for Literature is a great blow to Osamu Dazai, who is already addicted to drugs.

When the third Akutagawa Prize was presented, Osamu Dazai begged Yasunari Kawabata to give him the Akutagawa Prize. He said in the letter: "Please give me hope! Although I survived, please praise me! Please hurry! Hurry up! Don't save me from destruction! " Who knows that the Akutagawa Prize has made a new rule: the candidates of the first two sessions are not allowed to enter the shortlist, so his works are not eligible for the shortlist this time. Osamu Dazai's heart collapsed, but the Akutagawa Prize for Literature was valued by Japanese writers because of his magical operation.

The tortuous selection experience became the final driving force to defeat Osamu Dazai. The superior family didn't do anything. He didn't die, but killed others. The left-wing movement failed and the university dropped out. Even the confident Akutagawa Prize kept him away ... The trick of fate not only annoyed him, but also tortured his spiritual world in the form of public opinion. Coupled with physical illness and drug addiction, he is restless inside and outside. Finally, everything he felt inspired his self-mockery and banter, and exposed the dark side of people under morality and friendship with a decadent and nihilistic philosophy of life, thus making readers feel the true liberation of human nature. From the fear of real life to the sense of nothingness and guilt when people are born, they fall and die because they can't understand the meaning of life, which is the overall context of Osamu Dazai's literature.

Keno Ono, a literary critic, once commented: "Whether you like Osamu Dazai or hate him, affirm him or deny him, Osamu Dazai's works always have an incredible magic. For a long time to come, the vivid descriptions in Osamu Dazai's works will push the reader's soul and make people unable to escape. "In my opinion, Osamu Dazai analyzed the confusion, loneliness and degradation in human nature, and described the chaotic life that can no longer be treated separately after self-blending. Not everyone is as strong as Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea. Weak and hard feelings are also the colors of human nature. Beneath the sacred glory is a bottomless valley. The shame on the earth is the darkest corner of human nature, which must exist in everyone's heart. Therefore, The Strange Shame on Earth is called "the immortal pyramid of Showa literature" by critics.

Even though Osamu Dazai didn't win the coveted Akutagawa Prize, he dug human nature to such a deep position, and then he lay in the pit and let others step on him to avoid repeating the same mistakes. This is the main reason why he can finally be compared with Yasunari Kawabata and Yukio Mishima. Today, Osamu Dazai's attention on the Internet even exceeds that of Nobel Prize winners Yasunari Kawabata, Kensaburo Oe, kazuo ishiguro and others, and millions of people around the world are sympathetic and moved. What does this mean?