How to prevent the baby from getting infectious diseases and how to care for infectious diseases at home?

Infectious diseases in children are diseases caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses or pathogenic insects). Although adults also suffer from some diseases, the number is very small, the symptoms are very serious, and it is easy to cause complications, which is different from children. There are many kinds of infectious diseases in children, which are mainly divided into bacterial infection and viral infection. These mainly include chicken pox, mumps, acute rash in children, smallpox, diphtheria, polio, whooping cough, tetanus, scarlet fever and so on. ?

Transmission route

Infectious diseases in children are mainly divided into respiratory tract infection and digestive tract infection.

Respiratory infectious diseases refer to children spreading pathogens into the air when talking, breathing, sneezing and coughing, and being inhaled by healthy children through their mouths and noses. Such as diphtheria, whooping cough, tuberculosis and scarlet fever are typical cases. Infectious diseases of digestive tract are that healthy children eat contaminated food or water by mistake, or touch contaminated toys with their hands, and then suck their fingers or eat without washing their hands, so that pathogens can enter the body through the mouth. Such as dysentery, polio and hepatitis, are typical examples. In addition, children's infectious diseases also have transmission routes, that is, through wound infection, such as tetanus. ?

Prevention and nursing of infectious diseases in children

There are many vaccination methods now, but not all infectious diseases can be effective. Even if some diseases can be vaccinated, they cannot be 100% prevented. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the care of children, which is also an important way to prevent infection.

First, we should pay attention to hygiene and cut off the source of infection. Many infectious diseases are spread through the nose, mouth, respiratory tract and digestive tract. Therefore, it is very important for every child to maintain good hygiene habits. For example, don't drink raw water, don't urinate anywhere, don't suck your fingers, wash your hands before and after meals, etc. These are all important means to cut off the source of infection.

Second, when children are found to have infectious diseases, they should be quickly isolated and cut off the route of infection. Children who have been exposed to pathogens should also be isolated and quarantined. If necessary, you can take some preventive drugs orally, such as the traditional Chinese medicine "Banlangen Granule". In addition, some preventive traditional Chinese medicine decoction can be prescribed to children in kindergartens where infectious diseases have occurred, which can have good results.

Third, if conditions permit, when you are exposed to the pathogen of infectious diseases, but there are no symptoms, you can improve your body's resistance by intramuscular injection of human hemoglobin.

Fourth, because infectious diseases generally have an incubation period of 1-2 weeks, during the epidemic period of infectious diseases, if children are suspected to have contact with pathogens, parents should carefully observe them. Once the child is found to have abnormal symptoms, such as fever, poor diet, and dislike of playing, he should be isolated as soon as possible and seek medical treatment as soon as possible.

Incubation period of infectious diseases in children

The incubation period of infectious diseases in children depends on what kind of infectious diseases they are. According to the incubation period, by knowing how many days a child with infectious diseases has been ill, we can calculate whether the sick child is contagious, and thus get the probability of his own child being infected.

Generally speaking, the incubation period of infectious diseases in children is basically limited to less than 3 weeks. Children in the incubation period are particularly prone to spread pathogens to other children when the symptoms are not obvious or asymptomatic. Winter and spring are the frequent seasons for infectious diseases among children. During this period, we should strengthen the care of children, change clothes in time, be moderately hungry, go to public places less, and reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in children. If children are found to have symptoms of infectious diseases, they should be diagnosed and treated quickly and isolated in time.

Isolation time of infectious diseases in children

The average isolation time of infectious diseases in children is 1-2 weeks, but the isolation time for a certain infectious disease is different.

The isolation time of measles patients is generally 1 week after eruption. In case of pneumonia, the isolation time should be extended to 10 day after eruption.

On the fifth day after the rash appeared in rubella patients, the infectivity disappeared without isolation. However, pregnant women should be strictly isolated from rubella patients, because rubella is the most likely to cause fetal malformation within 3 months of pregnancy. If a deformed child has been born due to rubella, the next child should be separated for more than 3 years to avoid being deformed again.

Children's acute rash usually occurs around half a year old. If you have no contact with other children, you will generally not be isolated. If children with acute infant rash are found in nurseries, they should be closely observed for about 10 days. At this time, if the child has a high fever, he should be isolated immediately.

Children with chickenpox should generally be isolated until the rash scabs dry and falls off. Nurseries, kindergartens and wards should be isolated.

Children with mumps should be isolated until the swelling of parotid gland completely subsides, which takes about 2 weeks.

Children with scarlet fever can only be released from isolation after three negative throat swab cultures. The isolation time is generally 2 weeks after the eruption.

Children with infectious diseases should be isolated, mainly to prevent infectious disease pathogens from being transmitted to other children, that is, to prevent infectious diseases from continuing to spread, and also to give sick children a better rest. ?

How to avoid cross-infection in hospital

Children may be infected with other diseases when they see a doctor in the hospital. This is not something that every parent can think of. Even if they know, they don't know how they got infected. Here is a brief introduction to how to avoid cross-infection.

First, educate children not to move around after going to the hospital. A large number of bacteria, viruses or other pathogens are bound to be stored after the tables, chairs, floors, etc. in hospitals are contacted by various patients. If children go to the hospital for contact and walking, they may be infected with these germs and cause corresponding diseases.

Second, don't eat in the hospital. Many parents are afraid that their children will cry when they see a doctor, so they buy some drinks and food for their children In this way, when children eat, dirty hands eat pathogens in their mouths together, which increases the possibility of children being infected.

Third, take the children to the hospital as short as possible. Because the air in the hospital is not clean, especially in the popular season. Children have weak physical resistance and are prone to diseases. Therefore, under normal circumstances, parents should take their children out of the hospital quickly after seeing a doctor, and the other side should stay in the hospital to continue to give their children a price and take medicine, which can reduce the hospitalization time of their children.