AIM- 120 advanced medium-range missile

It belongs to medium-range radar-guided air-to-air missile and is designed for air targets. Midway guidance

AMRAAM uses two-stage guidance when intercepting long-range targets. When launching, the target dynamics and missile launching position will be input into AMRAAM. AMRAAM uses the inertial navigation system (INS) in the missile and this information to intercept the target. Airborne radar, infrared search and tracking device (IRST), joint tactical information release system (JTIDS) or airborne early warning control aircraft (AWACS) can provide target dynamics.

If the target is tracked continuously, the information of the target in the missile will be updated at the same time. AMRAAM will modify the interception route according to the change of target speed and direction, so that the target can smoothly enter the detection range of missile active radar and conduct homing guidance.

Not all AMRAAM users have decided to buy a mid-range upgrade scheme, which limits the effectiveness of AMRAAM. The Royal Air Force decided not to buy a mid-course upgrade scheme to strengthen its Tornado F3, because the test proved that AMRAAM was weaker than the sky-flashing air-to-air missile equipped with semi-active radar guidance-the effective range of AMRAAM's own radar must be smaller than that of fighter aircraft.

Once the missile approaches the target and enters the homing guidance, AMRAAM will start the active radar to find the target. If the target appears at or near the estimated location, AMRAAM will guide itself to the target. In close air combat (usually within the line-of-sight range, up to 10 nautical mile), it can be launched directly without radar locking. Immediately after the launch, AMRAAM will start the active radar, so that the missile becomes real [[ignore after shooting], and the pilot's name is MADDOG, which means "set a mad dog to bite"], making AMRAAM do a very small range of maneuvers, just like "rolling a barrel". Increase the chances of getting the target, but the AMRAAM under MADDOG may hit one of its own, because any air-to-air missile itself does not have the ability to identify the enemy and the enemy. Before launch, the identification of friend or foe depends on the identification of the aircraft itself, not the missile. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization uses the code name "Bulldog" in the radio to indicate that the missile enters the homing guidance mode, just like the "Fox III" used when launching (meaning to launch an active radar-guided missile).

After entering the terminal mode, the advanced electronic countermeasures (ECCM) capability and excellent maneuverability of the missile mean that the probability of direct hit or close-range detonation is still high (about 90%) when dealing with targets with evasive maneuvering energy.

The kill probability (PK) is determined by many factors, including the relative angle to the target (in front, side or back of the target), the height of the missile and the target, the airspeed and the turning limit of the target.

Usually, when the missile has enough energy in the terminal homing stage (that is, the aircraft launching the missile is not far from the target, and the flying height and speed are sufficient), the probability of hitting the enemy plane is very high. If the missile is launched from a long distance, the speed is too low when approaching the target, or the target motion forces the missile to follow, which consumes a lot of speed and cannot continue tracking, the hit probability will be greatly reduced.

There are two ways to participate in poor performance goals. If the target crew does not carry weapons or any weapons that are ignored in the medium and long range, the aircraft launching AMRAAM only needs to determine the launch distance according to whether it faces or chases the target and whether the missile has a reasonable hit probability. Especially when dealing with targets with low mobility, it can be launched from a long distance because of its low miss probability. Assuming that the target is close to the launching plane, especially when the proximity rate is high, the flight distance is shortened rapidly, so that the missile can also be launched from a long distance. In this case, even if the target turns around, it is difficult to have a chance to accelerate and pull away enough distance before the missile catches up (as long as the missile is not launched too early). In addition, at this high approach rate, they are unlikely to have enough ability to avoid it. In the case of rear-end collision, the launched aircraft may need to get close to the target within half to a quarter of the maximum range (shorter distance is needed for higher-speed targets) in order for the missile to catch up.

If the target is carrying a missile, the performance that AMRAAM ignores after shooting is even more precious, and the plane can turn around after launching. Even if the target is equipped with a long-range semi-active radar homing (SARH) missile, they have to keep chasing to keep the missile tracking, which makes it easy for them to enter the range of AMRAAM. If they turn after launching semi-active radar-homing missiles, these missiles will not be able to hit the target. Of course, assuming that the target crew is equipped with a long-range missile, even if it does not have the ability to ignore after shooting, forcing the aircraft launching AMRAAM to turn around is enough to reduce the probability of missile hit, because it is very likely that the enemy plane will not be found in the final stage if the target information is not updated halfway. Even under the influence of these factors, the missile still has a high probability of hitting the target, and the launched aircraft can avoid the threat, which gives the aircraft equipped with AMRAAM an inherent advantage. If none of the launched missiles hit, the aircraft can turn around and fight again, but the speed lost in the process of turning around will make them worse than the pursued enemy aircraft, and at the same time avoid being locked by semi-active guided missiles.

As soon as it is launched, the speed is Mach 4, and there is no need to accelerate.