What are the functional differences between 3G mobile phones and ordinary no-name smartphones (operating systems)?

3G stands for 3rd Generation, and its Chinese meaning refers to the third generation of digital communications.

The first generation of analog mobile phones (1G) that came out in 1995 can only make voice calls;

The second generation of digital mobile phones such as GSM and TDMA that appeared from 1996 to 1997 ( 2G) adds the function of receiving data, such as receiving emails or web pages;

3G was not born in 2009. It is a product of the last century, and 4G was already produced abroad as early as 2007. , and China also successfully developed China's 4G in 2008. Its network transmission speed can reach 2G per second, which is equivalent to one second for the next movie. In Japanese and Korean movies such as "My Sassy Girl" in the late 1990s, the heroine used a video phone that allowed the other party to see her, which was one of the important applications of 3G technology. The application of 3G in Japan, South Korea and other countries was at the end of the last century. At present, some foreign areas have already trial-run 3.5G or even 4G networks.

(Source: Chinese 3G: On the Development of 3G and 4G Technology)

(The following is misleading) The main differences between the third generation (3G) that came out in 2009 and the previous two generations It is an improvement in the speed of transmitting voice and data. It can better achieve seamless roaming around the world and handle multiple media forms such as images, music, and video streams, providing services including web browsing, phone conferencing, and e-commerce. and other information services, while also considering good compatibility with existing second-generation systems. In order to provide this service, the wireless network must be able to support different data transmission speeds, which means that it can support at least 2Mbps (megabits per second) and 384kbps (kilobits per second) in indoor, outdoor and driving environments respectively. and a transmission speed of 144kbps. (This value will change depending on the network environment).

3G standards, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has currently determined the world's four major 3G standards, which are WCDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX.

[Edit this paragraph] 3G standards

The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) determined the four mainstream wireless interface standards of W-CDMA, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA and WiMAX in May 2000 , written into the 3G technical guidance document "International Mobile Telecommunications Plan 2000" (referred to as IMT-2000). CDMA is the abbreviation of Code Division Multiple Access (Code Division Multiple Access) and is the technical basis of the third generation mobile communication system. The first generation of mobile communication systems used frequency division multiple access (FDMA) analog modulation. The main shortcomings of this system were low spectrum utilization and signaling interference with voice services. The second generation mobile communication system mainly uses the digital modulation method of time division multiple access (TDMA), which increases the system capacity and uses independent channels to transmit signaling, which greatly improves the system performance. However, the system capacity of TDMA is still limited and the handover performance is Still not perfect. The CDMA system shows great potential for development due to its simple frequency planning, large system capacity, high frequency reuse coefficient, strong anti-multipath capability, good communication quality, soft capacity, and soft handover. The following introduces the several standards of 3G:

(1) W-CDMA

Also known as WCDMA, the full name is Wideband CDMA, also known as CDMA Direct Spread, meaning broadband Code Division Multiple Access is a 3G technical specification developed based on the GSM network. It is a broadband CDMA technology proposed by Europe. It is basically the same as the broadband CDMA technology proposed by Japan and is currently being further integrated.

Supporters of W-CDMA are mainly European manufacturers based on the GSM system. Japanese companies are also more or less involved, including Ericsson, Alcatel, Nokia, Lucent, and Nortel in Europe and the United States, as well as NTT, Fujitsu, and Sharp in Japan. Wait for the manufacturer. This standard proposes the evolution strategy of GSM (2G)-GPRS-EDGE-WCDMA (3G). This system can be set up on the existing GSM network, making the transition easier for system providers. However, the acceptance of this new technology in Asia, where the GSM system is quite popular, is expected to be quite high. Therefore, W-CDMA has inherent market advantages.

(2)CDMA2000

CDMA2000 is a broadband CDMA technology developed from narrowband CDMA (CDMA IS95) technology. It is also called CDMA Multi-Carrier. It is developed by Qualcomm North America. The company took the lead and proposed it. Motorola, Lucent and South Korea's Samsung, which later joined, all participated. South Korea has now become the leader of the standard. This system is derived from the narrow-band CDMAOne digital standard and can be directly upgraded from the original CDMAOne structure to 3G with low construction costs. However, the only regions currently using CDMA are Japan, South Korea and North America, so CDMA2000 does not have as many supporters as W-CDMA. However, the research and development technology of CDMA2000 is currently the fastest among all standards, and many 3G mobile phones have already been launched. This standard proposes an evolution strategy from CDMA IS95 (2G)-CDMA20001x-CDMA20003x (3G). CDMA20001x is called the 2.5th generation mobile communication technology. The main difference between CDMA2000, CDMA20003x and CDMA20001x is the application of multi-carrier technology, which increases the bandwidth by using three carriers. China Telecom is currently using this solution to transition to 3G and has built a CDMA IS95 network.

(3)TD-SCDMA

The full name is Time Division - Synchronous CDMA (time division synchronous CDMA). This standard is a 3G standard independently developed by mainland China on June 29, 1999. On the same day, the Telecommunications Science and Technology Research Institute of the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of China (Datang Telecom) proposed to the ITU. This standard integrates today's leading international technologies such as smart wireless, synchronous CDMA and software radio, and has unique advantages in spectrum utilization, flexibility in business support, frequency flexibility and cost. In addition, due to the huge domestic market in China, this standard has attracted the attention of major telecommunications equipment manufacturers. More than half of the world's equipment manufacturers have announced that they can support the TD-SCDMA standard. This standard proposes a direct transition to 3G without the intermediate link of 2.5 generation, which is very suitable for the upgrade of GSM system to 3G.

(4)WiMAX

The full name of WiMAX is Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, also known as 802·16 wireless metropolitan area network. A "last mile" broadband wireless connectivity solution for business and home users. Combining this technology with licensed or license-exempt microwave equipment will expand the broadband wireless market and improve awareness among enterprises and service providers due to its lower cost. On October 19, 2007, at the Wireless Communications Plenary Meeting held in Geneva by the International Telecommunication Union, WiMAX was officially approved as the fourth global 3G standard after WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA after a majority of countries voted.

[Edit this paragraph] 3G China

China’s largest professional 3G business service platform, including industries, enterprises, products, services and trade functions, is an enterprise’s platform for enterprises on 3G networks An integrated system service platform that realizes WAP website construction, industry new media dissemination, mobile commerce operations, and wireless timely communication. Its industry-integrated promotion concept and new marketing model of 3G network wireless communication form a complete 3G wireless information network. All its function settings and value-added services provide users with a complete and efficient 3G experience, perfectly reflecting the strong business connotation of the 3G era.

[Edit this paragraph] 3G parameters

WCDMA

RTT FDD

3g asynchronous CDMA system: no GPS

Bandwidth: 5MHz

Chip rate: 3.84Mcps

China frequency band: 1940MHz-1955MHz (uplink), 2130MHz -2145MHz (downlink)

TD- SCDMA

RTT TDD

Synchronous CDMA system: with GPS

Bandwidth: 1.6MHz

Chip rate: 1.28Mcps

China frequency band: 1880-1920MHz, 2010-2025MHz

2300-2400MHz

CDMA2000

RTT FDD

Synchronous CDMA System: With GPS

Bandwidth: 1.23MHz

Chip rate: 1.2288Mcps

China frequency band: 1920MHz -1935MHz (uplink), 2110MHz -2125MHz (downlink )

WiMax

Global microwave interconnection access, another name is 802.16

Bandwidth: 1.5M to 20MHz

Highest access Speed: 70M

Maximum transmission distance: 50 kilometers

Chip rate: Unknown

China frequency band: (not available yet)

[ Edit this paragraph] Convenient life in the 3G era

3G will bring new enjoyment to life

●3G is video conferencing in a taxi;

● 3G is a soap opera that you will not miss even if you take the train;

●3G is the image sent back to the headquarters from the scene for analysis;

●3G is to share you with your friends Wonderful holiday in Morocco.

China’s 3G road has just begun. The first popular 3G application is “wireless broadband Internet access”. 600 million mobile phone users can access the Internet anytime and anywhere. The streaming media business of wireless Internet will gradually become dominant. The core applications of 3G include:

1. Broadband Internet access

Broadband Internet access is a very important function of 3G mobile phones. By then, we can send and receive voicemails, write blogs, Chatting, searching, downloading ringtones, etc. Many people now think that these functional applications on mobile phones have to wait until the 3G era, but in fact, the current wireless Internet portals can already provide them. Although the current GPRS network speed is not very satisfactory, with the advent of the 3G era, turning a mobile phone into a small computer is no longer a dream.

2. Video calls

In the 3G era, traditional voice calls are already a very weak function. By then, new services such as video calls and voicemail will be mainstream, and traditional voice calls will be the mainstream. Call rates will be reduced, and visually impactful, fast and direct video calls will become more popular and develop rapidly.

In the 3G era, the most talked about feature is the video calling function of mobile phones, which is also one of the most popular 3G services abroad.

I believe many people have used the video chat function of QQ, MSN or Skype to chat "face to face" with relatives and friends far away. In the future, relying on the high-speed data transmission of the 3G network, 3G mobile phone users will also be able to "interview". When you use a 3G mobile phone to make a video call, you no longer hold the phone to your ear, but face the phone and put on a wired headset or Bluetooth headset. You will see the other party's image on the phone screen, and you will also see the other person's image on the phone screen. Be recorded and sent to the other party.

3. Mobile TV

The 2008 Olympic Games made everyone enthusiastic about mobile TV. It became a need for users to watch Olympic events on their mobile phones while on the move. From the operator level, the issuance of 3G licenses has solved a big technical obstacle, and the construction of standards such as TD and CMMB has also promoted the development of the entire industry. Mobile streaming media software will become the most used mobile TV software in the 3G era. It will continue to improve the smoothness and picture quality of video images, break through technical bottlenecks, and be truly applied on a large scale.

4. Wireless search

For users, this is a more practical mobile network service and can be accepted quickly. Searching on mobile phones anytime and anywhere will become a common living habit for more mobile phone users.

5. Mobile music

In Japan, where the wireless Internet is mature, mobile music is the most beautiful scenery. Downloading music online through mobile phones is 50 times that of computers. In the 3G era, as long as a mobile music software is installed on the mobile phone, the mobile phone can be transformed into a music box anytime and anywhere through the mobile network, easily storing countless songs, with faster download speed and almost negligible data consumption.

6. Mobile shopping

Many people have experience shopping on Taobao, but mobile shopping malls are still new to many people. In fact, mobile e-commerce is the favorite of mobile Internet users in the 3G era. At present, 90% of Japanese and Korean mobile phone users are accustomed to making purchases on their mobile phones, even buying daily necessities such as rice and washing powder. Experts predict that mobile shopping in China will have a period of rapid growth in the future. As long as users activate mobile Internet services, they can check product information through their mobile phones and pay for products online.

7. Mobile online games

Compared with computer online games, the experience of mobile online games is not good, but it is easy to carry and can be played at any time. This kind of online game that takes advantage of fragmented time is Currently the new favorite among young people, it is also an important capital growth point in the 3G era. After the arrival of the 3G era, the game platform will be more stable and faster, with higher compatibility, that is, "more fun", like an upgraded version, allowing users to have a better experience in the visuals and effects of the game.

Just one week after the State Council executive meeting approved the launch of 3G licenses, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology quickly issued 3G licenses to the three major operators. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology announced that it has approved China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. to increase its 3G business operating licenses based on the TD-SCDMA technology standard, China Telecom Group Corporation to increase its 3G business operating licenses based on the CDMA2000 technology standard, and China United Network Communications Group Co., Ltd. to increase its 3G business operating licenses based on the WCDMA technology. Technical standard 3G business operating license.

For operators, the issuance of 3G licenses means the beginning of a new round of market competition; for equipment manufacturers, this means that an investment pie of at least 280 billion yuan in three years is in front of them; For users, 3G means that mobile Internet bandwidth has soared and tariffs have dropped.

[Edit this paragraph] 3G China License Issuance

At 14:30 on January 7, 2009, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued 3 licenses to China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom The third generation mobile communications (3G) license marks that my country has officially entered the 3G era.

Among them, it was approved

China Mobile added 3G licenses based on TD-SCDMA technology standard (TD-SCDMA is a 3G technology standard with independent property rights in my country)

China Telecom has added 3G licenses based on the CDMA2000 technology standard.

China Unicom has added 3G licenses based on the WCDMA technology standard.

[Edit this paragraph] 3G China licensing related

After the 3G license is issued, a communication network will be formed including 3G network construction, terminal equipment manufacturing, operation services, and information services. The industrial chain plays an important role in expanding domestic demand and stimulating the economy.

Li Yizhong, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that according to the respective development plans of telecom operators, it is expected to complete 3G direct investment of about 280 billion yuan in 2009 and 2010. Some experts believe that 3G investment can drive nearly 2 trillion yuan of social investment in the past three years and help stimulate China's economic growth.

"The investment-stimulating effect of the issuance of 3G licenses is significantly different from that of national infrastructure construction. National infrastructure construction such as transportation and energy requires massive government investment, and the issuance of 3G licenses will immediately attract social funds People are flocking in because the market has long been looking forward to the issuance of 3G licenses," said Chen Jinqiao, deputy chief engineer of the Telecommunications Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

Datang Telecom estimates that in the next five years, direct investment in 3G will be about 1.5 trillion yuan, and its contribution to GDP will be about 10 trillion yuan.

With the official issuance of 3G licenses, the 3G war among operators will also break out. In the past month, China Mobile first launched a price war and lowered its data service charges. Its TD-SCDMA network is being tested in ten cities and will be expanded to 38 cities in the next step; China Telecom has launched a new brand Tianyi 18 It has nine brands and has invested heavily in marketing Internet mobile phones; the relatively low-key China Unicom has the most mature 3G license, WCDMA, and is conducting WCDMA trials in seven cities. The first batch of WCDMA trial networks are also stepping up internal testing.

The person in charge of China Mobile said that it will take promoting independent innovation and developing TD-SCDMA as its own responsibility, and will go all out to complete the construction and operation of TD-SCDMA, expand network coverage, enrich service types, and provide users with Provide high-quality and efficient 3G services. Officials from China Telecom and China Unicom stated that they will strictly implement relevant regulatory policies and launch 3G services in a timely manner to meet customers' growing needs for diversified comprehensive information services.

[Edit this paragraph] The current situation of 3G in China

On April 1, 2008, China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd. In 8 cities, the third generation mobile communications (3G) "Chinese standard" TD-SCDMA social service testing and trial commercialization were launched, and its number segment is 157. This marks the official launch of the commercial application of my country's third-generation mobile communications (3G) standard TD. According to reports, the first batch of social business tests will invite 20,000 users from different industries and departments, provide free mobile phones and data card terminals of 2,000 to 4,000 yuan, and give test users a monthly phone bill subsidy of 800 yuan.

Judging from the tariff standards disclosed by China Mobile, the cost of ordinary calls TD is even cheaper than 2G. The TD monthly rental fee is 50 yuan/month. The basic local call fee is 0.40 yuan/minute for the calling party and the called party is free; the domestic roaming call fee is 0.60 yuan/minute and the called party is 0.40 yuan/minute; the domestic long-distance call fee is 0.07 yuan/6 seconds. ;The SMS fee is 0.1 yuan/message within the network and 0.15 yuan/message outside the network. Receiving is free.

TD's new service - video phone charges are 0.6 yuan/minute for local communication calling and free for the called; domestic roaming calls 0.9 yuan/minute and 0.60 yuan/minute for the called; domestic long distance 0.10 Yuan/6 seconds. In addition, China Mobile has also launched three TD voice packages and data card packages, with voice rates lower than the current G network level.

After the completion of the second phase of TD network construction, video calls will be available between all provincial capital cities and municipalities across the country, as well as 38 cities including Shenzhen, Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, and Baoding.

The procurement bidding announcement recently issued by China Mobile shows that TD-SCDMA network construction will be fully rolled out across the country. It will not take long for 3G users in this city to roam the 3G network in provincial capitals and other major cities across the country, while enjoying high-speed wireless network applications.

TD Phase II Network Tender

China Mobile recently issued the "Tender Announcement for the Procurement of Wireless Network Equipment for the Phase II Project of China Mobile's Expanded TD-SCDMA Scale Network Technology Application Test Network", stating that it will A tender for the second phase of TD-SCDMA equipment will be launched in the near future.

This TD-SCDMA wireless network equipment bidding involves 28 cities including Shijiazhuang and Taiyuan. The second phase of TD network construction plans to build 23,000 wireless base stations and approximately 160,000 wireless carrier fans. This figure is approximately 1.58 times the 14,543 base stations in the first phase of network construction.

There are 10 cities in the first phase of network construction, including Tianjin, Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and other megacities. It is understood that in these big cities, the number of base stations in a single city is more than 1,000, with the most reaching more than 3,000. Most cities in the second phase of network construction only have a few hundred base stations, with an average of 800 base stations per city. Experts analyze that although there are many cities in the second phase of TD network construction, they are not as large in scale as those in the first phase of the network, so the initial demand for base stations is also relatively small.

38 cities will be able to use 3G in 2009

According to the bidding announcement, the second phase of TD network construction covers Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, Hohhot, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, and Hangzhou , Ningbo, Hefei, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanning, Haikou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Guiyang, Kunming, Lhasa, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Xining, Yinchuan and Urumqi. Wang Jianzhou, chairman of China Mobile, has previously stated publicly that the second phase of the network is expected to be completed and put into use by the end of June next year.

After the completion of the second phase of TD network construction, all provincial capital cities and municipalities across the country, as well as 38 cities including Shenzhen, Dalian, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, and Baoding, will be able to communicate with each other through video calls, achieving a number of 3G typical services.

You can roam in 37 cities and enjoy high-speed communications

Currently, 3G users in this city are using the GSM network when trial commercial users roam to areas not covered by 3G networks. According to the construction progress planned by China Mobile, 3G users in this city will be able to roam the 3G networks in 37 cities across the country by the middle of next year. It will be more convenient to use TD mobile phones or TD data cards to access wireless Internet for work and entertainment in other places.

However, citizens who are concerned about 3G need to pay attention to the fact that there are only 800 base stations in each city in the second phase of network construction, and the coverage area is mostly in the local central urban area. Citizens roaming to TD cities are expected to have smoother 3G phone calls and 3G Internet access in urban areas, but may experience problems such as 3G signal weakening in local suburbs. At that time, the mobile phone may automatically switch to the GSM network, and calls and text messages should not be a problem, but the use of some 3G services may be affected.

Current status of TD-CMMB:

On December 24, 2008, the Thiel Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the test of China’s first TD-SCDMA mobile phone supporting CMMB function for Hisense TM86 yesterday. According to the qualified report, two major technological achievements of China's independent innovation - TD-SCDMA and CMMB have received professional technical recognition. Another company that obtained the TD-CMMB test qualification report certificate is Yulong Coolpad. At the same time, reporters learned from reliable sources in the industry that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will issue the first mobile phone network access license to TD mobile phones loaded with CMMB format as soon as this week.

More than 30 manufacturers won the bid for the centralized procurement of CMMB mobile terminals

CMMB is a mobile TV standard based on digital broadcasting technology promoted by the radio and television system. The CMMB mobile TV signal currently covers 37 countries across the country. cities.

Relevant departments have specially approved the release of 40,000 TD mobile phones purchased by China Mobile loaded with CMMB (China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting and Television) mobile TV functions, making the CMMB business of radio and television commercially available during the Olympics. However, currently all CMMB mobile phones have not obtained network access licenses issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.

As the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has announced, CMMB mobile TV will be expanded to more than 100 domestic cities next year, and will be officially commercialized in the second half of next year at the earliest. Therefore, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has recently carried out a large-scale centralized purchase of CMMB mobile phones, with the amount of the purchase amounting to around one million units. Among them, more than 30 mobile phone manufacturers including Hisense, Lenovo, and Tianyu won the bid. However, since mobile phone network access certificates need to be issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, these winning mobile phones will be treated as illegal products if they cannot access the network.

TD mobile phones loaded with CMMB function will receive network access certificates

"The communications industry also has its own mobile TV standards. The competition for standards shows that the distribution of interests behind them is not unified, which leads to The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, which is in charge of communications, has been unable to issue a 'birth certificate' to CMMB mobile phones," said a person in charge of a mobile phone manufacturer.

Since mobile phones loaded with CMMB services from regular manufacturers cannot obtain network access certificates, "copycat phones" are rampant in the market. Many manufacturers have modified mobile phones that have passed the network access test and added CMMB TV modules without authorization before putting them on the market. Sale.

The above-mentioned manufacturers revealed that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology’s Thiel Laboratory issued a test qualification report for TD mobile phones loaded with CMMB functions, which is to prepare for the next step of issuing network access licenses for CMMB mobile phones. As soon as this week, it is expected that domestic mobile phone manufacturers will be the first to issue CMMB mobile phone network access licenses, but only for TD mobile phones loaded with the CMMB standard.

The industry expects that this move will lead to the gradual promotion of CMMB functions in TD-SCDMA mobile phones.

■ Explanation of terms

CMMB is the abbreviation of China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting, which means China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting and Television. It is a seamless collaborative coverage broadcasting system that combines satellite transmission with terrestrial networks. CMMB mainly provides broadcast and television services for small-screen portable handheld terminals such as mobile phones and PDAs, as well as car-mounted TVs.

At present, CMMB network has covered more than 100 prefecture-level cities in China, which also means that CMMB will have better integration with TD in the 3G era.

You can buy a Dopod smartphone or a BlackBerry, both are good