Examiner's Routine 1: Substituting Logic to Deduce the Truth and False of Proposition

Characteristics of examiner's problem-setting procedure

1) The stem gives several logical arrows through logical conjunctions, which will definitely give a condition that a proposition is true or false.

2) The option is to judge whether the proposition is true or not.

Logic can only move forward, not backward.

If the logical antecedent is false and the logical afterpart is true, nothing can be deduced;

If you deny one side of or, you can deduce the other side.

1 can only be pushed forward, the first part is true, and the second part can be pushed out. The previous block is false, and no information can be deduced;

If A B is true +A is true, it can be deduced that B is true; If A B is true +B is true, it can be deduced that A is true.

A B is true +A is false (not A is true), A B is true +B is false, and no information can be deduced.

2 I can't push it back, the latter is true, and no information can be pushed out. If the latter part is false, it can be inferred that the former part is false.

A B is true +B is true, A B is true +A is true, and no information can be deduced.

A B is true +B is false (non-B is true), so non-A can be deduced; If A B is true +A is false, non-B can be deduced.

When 3AorB is true, one party denies or can deduce the other party, but of course, one party can deduce nothing.

AorB holds+non-A(A is false), so it can be inferred that B is true.

AorB holds+non-B(B is false), and it can be deduced that A is true.

AorB holds +A is true, AorB holds +B is true, and no information can be deduced.

Example 1 philosopher: "I think, therefore I am. If I don't exist, then I don't think. If I think, then life means nothingness. " If "life does not mean nothingness" is added to the above argument, what conclusions can philosophers draw? (2)

1. Think about existence; Does not exist and does not think.

2. Think that life is illusory; Non-life is illusory and non-thinking.

In the title, if it is not illusory, it is true.

A. I think

I don't think so.

C. I exist

D. I don't exist

E. Live a meaningful life

Anti-syllogism:

If a and B C are true, then non-c and a can deduce non-b.

Do negative reasoning first, then use or reasoning.

A and B C, conversely, are not established at the same time. Not c, not Aor, not B.

With the condition that non-C is true, it can be deduced that non-A or non-B is true.

If non-A or non-B is true, plus the condition that A is true, it can be deduced that non-B is true.

Therefore, under the condition that A and B C hold, it can be inferred that non-C and A hold.

If both A and B fail in the exam, then C must have passed. Which of the following can be added to the above premise to draw the conclusion that "A passed the exam"?

A failed, B failed and C passed.

C failed, A passed or B passed.

Alternating current has passed.

B.c. failed.

C.b. failed.

D.b. and c failed.

E.b. and c both passed.

If the gross national product increases and people's consumption psychology changes, the supply of vegetables will increase greatly; If the gross national product is not improved or the supply of vegetables is greatly increased, the minimum living standard of urban residents will not be guaranteed; If the supply of vegetables increases substantially, then either farmers' income will increase or social welfare will increase. In fact, the minimum living standard of urban residents has been guaranteed, which shows that: (c)

A. farmers have increased their income.

B. Social welfare has increased

C. people's consumption psychology has not changed.

D. People's consumption psychology has changed.

E. the supply of vegetables has increased.

With the increase of GDP and the change of consumer psychology, the supply of vegetables has increased.

The gross domestic product has not increased or the supply of vegetables has increased, and the minimum living standard is not guaranteed.

The supply of vegetables has increased substantially, and farmers' income has increased or social welfare has increased.

The minimum living standard has been guaranteed, the gross domestic product has increased, and the supply of vegetables has not increased.

The supply of vegetables has not increased, GDP has not improved, or consumer psychology has not changed.

The supply of vegetables has not increased, and the consumer psychology has not changed.

If there are both steamed sea bass and boiled snails in Yuexi Hotel, there must be salted crabs. The hotel never sells salted crabs at the end of the month; Only when Yuexi Hotel sells boiled snails, Lao Wang and his friends will go to Yuexi Hotel to eat seafood. If the above judgment is true, which of the following must be true? ( ? )

Sell steamed sea bass and boiled snails and salted crabs.

Lao Wang eats seafood and sells boiled snails.

Baked crab with salt is not for sale at the end of the month.

At the end of the month, salt crabs, steamed sea bass and boiled snails will not be sold.

A. Yuexi Hotel will not sell steamed sea bass at the end of the month.

B Lao Wang and his friends won't eat steamed sea bass and boiled snails when they go to Yuexi Hotel.

C. Yuexi Hotel doesn't sell boiled snails until the end of the month.

D. Lao Wang won't go to Yuexi Hotel to eat seafood with friends at the end of the month, because there are no salted crabs there.

E. If Lao Wang and his friends go to Yuexi Hotel for seafood at the end of the month, they will definitely not be able to eat steamed sea bass.

If Hongdu Entertainment Palace opens a ballroom and a disco at the same time on the same day, it must also open a bowling alley. The Entertainment Palace does not open bowling alleys every Tuesday, and Mr. Li only goes to the Hongdu Entertainment Palace when the ballroom is open. If the above conclusion is true, which of the following must also be true? (5)

Open a ballroom, a disco and a bowling alley.

There is no bowling alley on Tuesday.

Go to Hongdu Entertainment Palace to open a ballroom.

There is no bowling alley, ballroom dancing and disco on Tuesday.

A. Mr. Li won't go to Hongdu Entertainment Palace on Tuesday.

B. Mr. Li will not visit the ballroom and disco of Hongdu Entertainment Palace at the same time on the same day.

C "Hongdu" Entertainment Palace does not open discos on Tuesdays.

D "Hongdu" Entertainment Palace doesn't just open dance halls on Tuesdays.

E. If Hongdu opened a ballroom on Tuesday, it would definitely not open a disco that day.

Only she goes, and you and I sing karaoke together; And she only sings in karaoke bars where she can dance, all in the city center. Her sister will sing karaoke only if you attend. If all the above conclusions are true, which of the following must also be true (? b)

You sing, I sing, she sings.

Her sister sings and you sing.

She goes dancing in the city center: she goes to karaoke and can dance in the city center

If she doesn't go, you don't go or I don't go.

You can't dance in the suburbs. She won't go, you won't go, or I won't go.

A.she doesn't sing karaoke with her sister.

B.you and I won't sing together in the karaoke hall in the suburbs.

C. You won't sing karaoke with her while I'm away.

D. Without her, you wouldn't go karaoke with her sister.

E. Her sister also knows where she can dance and sing karaoke.

If the Malaysia Airlines passenger plane did not break down and was not hijacked by a terrorist organization, it must have been shot down by a missile. If the passenger plane is shot down by missiles, it will definitely be discovered by satellites; If the satellite finds that the passenger plane was shot down by a missile, it will definitely announce it to the media. Which of the following should be added to the conclusion that the plane was hijacked by a terrorist organization? (2)

There was no malfunction, no hijacking, and it was shot down by missiles.

Shot down by missiles and discovered by satellites.

Satellite discovery announced to the media

Not shot down by missiles, broken down or hijacked.

Not released to the media, not discovered by satellites, not shot down by missiles.

A. the passenger plane was not shot down by a missile.

B there is no report that the missile shot down the passenger plane, and the passenger plane did not break down.

C. the passenger plane did not break down.

D. the passenger plane broke down and there was no report of missile shooting down.

E. the passenger plane is not broken, and the satellite found that the passenger plane was shot down by a missile.

Example 8F, g, j, k, l and m apply for a position, and they can only be hired after an interview. The following conditions must be met:

1) If interviewing G, interviewing J;

2) If interview J, interview L;

3)F is interviewed

4) Don't hire F unless you interview K;

5) Don't hire K unless you interview M;

Q 1 Which of the following may be true? (Because four can't be true, rule out)

(5)

Employment interview

Interview interview interview interview interview interview.

Interview f

Don't interview k, don't hire f; Hire F to interview K.

Don't interview m, don't hire k; Hire k to interview m

A. only f, j and m were interviewed;

B. only interviewed f, j and k;

C. Only G and another candidate were interviewed.

D. Only G and two other candidates were interviewed.

E only g and three other candidates were interviewed.

If M is not interviewed, which of the following is correct? (C？ )

A.k. didn't give an interview.

B.K. accepted the interview, but was not hired.

C.f had an interview, but K was not hired.

D.f was hired, but K was not.

E.f. was hired.

The Twenty-four Solar Terms is a guide to the time activities of production and life in China's farming society, which reflects the periodic changes of temperature, precipitation and phenology from spring to winter throughout the year. Known names of solar terms have the following characteristics:

(1) All solar terms with the words "spring", "summer", "autumn" and "winter" belong to spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively;

(2) All solar terms with the words "rain", "dew" and "snow" belong to spring, autumn and winter;

(3) Qingming is not in spring, and the first frost is not in autumn;

(4) If the rain is in spring, the first frost is in autumn;

(1) All solar terms with the words "spring", "summer", "autumn" and "winter" belong to spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively;

(2) The word "rain" belongs to spring; The word "dew" belongs to autumn and the word "snow" belongs to winter.

(3) Qingming is not in spring, and the first frost is not in autumn.

(4) The "rain" in spring and the "first frost" in autumn.

According to the above information, if only two solar terms are listed in each season from spring to winter, which of the following is impossible? (5)

Rain brings "rain", and spring rain is real.

Spring and summer? Autumn? Winter?

A. Rain, fear, summer solstice, slight heat, millennium, first frost, heavy snow and winter solstice.

B. Jingzhe, Vernal Equinox, Changxia, Xiaoman, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter and Xiaoxue.

C Qingming, Grain Rain, Mangzhong, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Cold Dew, Light Snow and Great Cold.

D beginning of spring, Qingming, Changxia, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Cold Dew, Light Snow and Great Cold.

E beginning of spring, Grain Rain, Qingming, Summer Solstice, Early Summer, Bailu, beginning of winter and Xiaoxue.

Example 10 A city has already started to operate Metro Line 1, Line 2, Line 3 and Line 4, and the time required for each subway station to operate and stop is the same as each other. Xiao Zhang, Xiao Wang and Xiao Li are employees of the same unit, and there is Beikou subway station near the unit. One morning, three people came to Changqing Station of 1 line at the same time, but they had different ideas about the bus route. Known:

1) If the 1 line is crowded, Xiao Zhang takes two stops and then transfers to Line 3, and then takes three stops to Beikou Station.

2) If line 1 is not crowded, Xiao Zhang takes three stops and then turns to line 2, and then takes four stops to Beikou Station;

3) If Line 1 is crowded, Xiao Wang takes 2 stops and then transfers to Line 3, and then takes 3 stops to Beikou Station;

4) If line 1 is not crowded, Xiao Li takes four stops and then turns to line 4, then takes three stops and then turns to line 3 to reach Beikou Station;

5) The subway 1 line was not crowded that morning.

Assuming that the total time for three people to transfer and walk is the same, which of the following is most likely to be inconsistent with the above information? (it can't be true) (d)

1) If the 1 line is crowded, Xiao Zhang takes two stops, then transfers once, and then takes three stops (five stops+1 transfer).

? If line 1 is not crowded, Xiao Zhang will take three stops, then transfer once, and then take four stops (seven stops+one transfer).

2) Xiao Wang takes 2 stops and then turns to Line 3, and then takes 3 stops to Beikou Station. Line 1 is crowded (5 stops).

3) 1 Line is not crowded. Xiao Li took four stops and then transferred to Line 4. After three stops, he turned to Line 3 and arrived at Beikou Station.

(8 stops +2 transfers)

4) The subway 1 line was not crowded that morning.

Xiao Zhang changed at 7 stops; Xiao Wang doesn't take 5 stops; Xiao Li took 8 stops and changed twice.

A. Xiao Wang and Xiao Li arrive at the unit at the same time;

B. Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang arrive at work at the same time.

C. Xiao Wang arrives at the work place before Xiao Li;

D. Xiao Li arrives at the unit before Xiao Zhang;

E. Xiao Zhang arrived at the unit before Xiao Wang;

18 betting volume Xiao Wang and his three family members (wife, son and daughter) decided to choose a place to travel during their Sunday holiday. The places they can go are amusement parks, shopping centers and zoos. But because these three places are far apart, one day is only enough to go back and forth to one place. Regarding the trip, Xiao Wang said the following:

1) If I take my wife or daughter out, then I will go to the mall.

2) If I take my wife and son out at the same time, I can't go to the amusement park.

3) If I take my son and daughter out at the same time, I will go to the zoo.

In fact, Xiao Wang finally went to the amusement park with one or several family members, so the last one to go out with Xiao Wang was: (b)

Take your wife or daughter to the shopping center; I didn't go to the mall, I didn't bring my wife or my daughter

Don't go to the amusement park with your wife and son; I went to the amusement park without my wife and son.

A. Madam

B. Son

C. Have a wife or no son

D. Children

E. sons and wives

Example 12 In a factory, there are seven employees living in the dormitory, namely A, B, C, D, E and G. Everyone needs to be on duty one day in turn every week, and only one person is arranged on duty every day. Their duty arrangement also needs to meet the following conditions:

(1) B is on duty on Tuesday or Saturday.

(2) If A is on duty on Monday, then C is on duty on Wednesday and Friday.

(3) If Party A is not on duty on Monday, he will be on duty on Thursday and Friday.

(4) If Party B is on duty on Tuesday, it is already on duty on Saturday;

(1) B: Tuesday or Saturday.

(2) A: Monday, Wednesday, Wednesday and Friday; C is not Wednesday or e is not Friday. A is not Monday.

(3) A is not Monday, Thursday and G Friday.

Tuesday is Saturday.

Question 1 According to the above conditions, if C is on duty on Sunday, which of the following can he get? (2)

C, F, Wednesday or E, F, Friday A, F, Monday, Thursday and G, Friday.

Today is neither Saturday nor Tuesday.

Not Tuesday, B, Saturday

A.a is on duty on Sunday; B.b is on duty on Saturday; C. D. is on duty on Tuesday

D.e is on duty on Tuesday; E. I have been on duty on Friday

Question 2: If Geng is on duty on Thursday, which of the following must be false? (4)

One row is Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

A.a is on duty on Monday; ? B.b is on duty on Saturday; C.c is on duty on Wednesday

D.e is on duty on Sunday? E.i'm on duty on Tuesday

Example 13 is based on the following questions.

A Jiangnan garden plans to build five gardens: pine, bamboo, plum, orchid and chrysanthemum. Garden planning has three gates, east, south and north, which are located in the three gardens respectively. The layout of these five gardens meets the following conditions:

(1) If the east gate is located in Songyuan or Juyuan, then the south gate is not in Zhuyuan.

(2) If the South Gate is not in the Bamboo Garden, then the North Gate is not in the Orchid Garden.

(3) If the chrysanthemum garden is in the center of the garden, it is not adjacent to the orchid garden;

(4) Orchid Garden is adjacent to Chrysanthemum Garden with a beautiful covered bridge in the middle.

Question 1 Given the following conditions, which of the following can be obtained? (2)

(1) East Gate = Songyuan or East Gate = South Gate of Juyuan Zhuyuan.

(2) South Gate Bamboo Garden and North Gate Orchid Garden

(3) Chrysanthemum Garden = Central Chrysanthemum Garden and Orchid Garden are not adjacent.

(4) Orchid Garden and Chrysanthemum Garden are adjacent.

(3)+(4)= Chrysanthemum Garden is not in the center.

A. Orchid Garden is not in the center of the garden; ? B.the chrysanthemum garden is not in the center of the garden.

C. Orchid Garden is in the center of the garden; ? D.the chrysanthemum garden is in the center of the garden

E. Meiyuan is not in the center of the garden.

Question 2: If the North Gate is located in Lanyuan, which of the following can you get? (3)

A. the south gate is located in the chrysanthemum garden.

B.the east gate is located in the bamboo garden.

C. the east gate is located in Meiyuan.

D. the east gate is located in Songyuan

E. the south gate is located in Meiyuan

Example 14 Zhao Yuan's colleagues are all fans, Zhao Yuan's classmate who works in the software park is not a fan, Li Ya is Zhao Yuan's classmate and his colleague, Wang Wei is Zhao Yuan's classmate but doesn't work in the software park, and Zhang Ming is Zhao Yuan's classmate but not a fan. According to the above statement, which of the following can be drawn? (3)

(1) colleagues and fans in Zhao Yuan.

(2) Students who work in Software Industrial Park and Zhao Yuan are not fans;

Fans don't work in the software industry park or are not classmates.

Li Ya is a colleague and classmate: Li Ya is a fan and Li Ya is a classmate. Li Ya doesn't work in the software industrial park.

A.wang wei is a fan.

B.zhao yuan is not a fan.

C. Li Ya doesn't work in the software industrial park.

D. Zhang Ming works in the software park.

E. Zhao Yuan works in the software park.

Logic cannot be reversed:

A B is true, if b is true, nothing can be deduced;

A or B D, given that condition d is true, nothing can be deduced; Given the condition that non-A is true, nothing can be deduced.

Exercise 10 Unless you are under 50 and can swim more than 3000 meters continuously, you can't take part in the Yangtze River crossing next month. At the same time, patients with hypertension and heart disease cannot participate. Old Huang Can swam more than 3,000 meters continuously, but he was not allowed to take part in this activity. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusion? (5)

Those under the age of 50 who can swim more than 3,000 meters in a row can't take part in the activities of crossing the Yangtze River next month.

You can't participate unless you are under 50 years old or you can't swim more than 3000 meters in a row.

Hypertension can't participate; Patients with heart disease can't attend.

Over 50 years old, or can't swim 3000 meters, or can't participate in high blood pressure or heart disease.

First, Lao Huang is at least 50 years old.

Two. Lao Huang suffers from high blood pressure.

Three. Lao Huang suffers from heart disease.

A.just me

B.only II

C.only III

At least one of d.i., II and III.

E. I. II. III cannot be deduced from the title.

Exercise 1 1 The largemouth bass only lives in the waters where there are floating algae in rivers where minnows appear, and there is no largemouth bass in Moya River. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the above conclusion? (5)

I minnows are only found in rivers with floating algae.

Two. There is neither phytoplankton nor minnows in the Moya River.

Three. If minnows are found in the Moya River, there will definitely be no phytoplankton.

A. only me; B. only two; ? C.only III

D. Only I and II E, I, II and III are not.

Largemouth bass, minnows and phytoplankton; Non-minnows or non-impetuous bass have no big mouths.

Exercise 20 The car produced by Hongda Automobile Company is equipped with driver airbag. In cars equipped with driver airbags, 50% are equipped with passenger airbags. Only cars equipped with passenger airbags will be equipped with safety bars and shatterproof glass to reduce impact. If the above judgment is true, and in fact, a car bought by Mr. Li from Hongda Automobile Company is equipped with shatterproof glass, which of the following must be true? (3)

Hongda automobile driver airbag

There is a driver airbag, not necessarily a passenger airbag.

Safety bar and shatterproof glass passenger airbag

First, this car must be equipped with safety bars.

This car must be equipped with passenger airbags.

Three. This car must be equipped with a driver's airbag.

A.just me? B.only II？ C.only III

D. Only I and II, namely I, II and III.

Exercise 2 Chinese medicine formula has the following requirements:

(1) If there are medicinal materials, then there should also be medicinal materials B; There are medicinal materials a and B.

(2) Without medicine C, there must be medicine D; There is no medicine C, but there is medicine D.

(3) Ginseng and Gastrodia elata cannot have both; At least one of them is not ginseng or gastrodia elata.

(4) If there is medicine C but no medicine A, you need ginseng. There is no a, there is a c, and there is ginseng.

If there is gastrodia elata, which is true about the formula?

Add gastrodia elata and not ginseng.

No one has an a or a C.

A and b; Non-c and d; Then you can get b or d.

A. containing medicinal materials; B, medicinal materials containing c; There is no medicine.

D. there are no herbs b and d? E. containing medicinal materials b or D.

Belgium is a country famous for making chocolate, and people who travel to Belgium will be attracted by the local chocolate. However, for China tourists who are rational and know the market, they will only buy Belgian chocolates if they are cheaper than those sold in China. In fact, anyone who knows the market knows that Belgian chocolates sold in China are not more expensive than the same chocolates sold in Belgium. What conclusion can be drawn from the above discussion?

A. China tourists who are rational and know the market will buy Belgian chocolate in China.

B China tourists who are irrational or don't know the market will buy chocolate from that country in Belgium.

C. The rationality of buying chocolate in Belgium China tourists don't know the market.

China tourists who buy chocolate from Belgium are neither rational nor understand the market.

Some tourists from China who buy chocolate from Belgium are irrational.