Be careful when encountering heavy snow and cold wave

1. How to reduce the losses caused by the cold wave

1. Cold wave

Expert tip: Cold wave is an intense cold wave that invades from the poles or frigid zones to lower latitudes. Air activity. The cold wave is coming and the weather changes suddenly. At this time, you should learn relevant protection knowledge to resist the strong winds, snowstorms and cooling weather brought by the cold wave.

Relevant knowledge: ① Cold wave will cause the temperature to drop sharply. Sometimes the temperature drops to around minus 30 degrees. ②With strong winds and heavy snow, 2 meters of snow may appear in many places. ③Can cause trains and trams to derail. ④ Due to transportation difficulties, the supply of energy is threatened. ⑤Many wild animals will die from the severe cold.

2. In what season do cold waves occur?

The annual changes in cold wave activity are obvious. Every year from late autumn to early spring, most places in China are often hit by cold waves.

Relevant knowledge: ① In spring and autumn, cold waves can also bring blowing sand and sandstorms. ② Because cold waves can also occur in spring and autumn, some people with weak constitutions may become sick due to the sudden drop in temperature. ③Cold wave warning standard: my country's Central Meteorological Observatory stipulates that due to the intrusion of cold air, the temperature will drop by more than 10℃ within 24 hours, and the minimum temperature will drop below 5℃, as the standard for issuing a cold wave warning.

3. What to do if you encounter a cold wave in the south

There are only a few cold waves in southern my country every year, mainly from December to February of the following year.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Residents should strengthen the protection of doors and windows. Since many areas in the south do not have indoor heating equipment, they should pay attention to insulation. ② When the weather turns from warm to cold, people in most parts of the south are already wearing spring clothes. If a cold wave comes at this time, they must pay attention to clothing to keep them warm. ③The cold wave in the south is different from that in the north. While it is cold, it is also extremely cold because of the humid climate. Therefore, avoid outdoor activities when the cold wave hits.

4. What preparations should citizens make after receiving a cold wave forecast?

When citizens receive a cold wave warning signal, they should make early preparations.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Keep warm, especially the elderly and children and other weak people should prepare for cold protection as early as possible. ② Carry out lightning protection work. ③ Take measures to prevent wind, cold and frost. ④Patients should prepare medicines as soon as possible.

5. How should urban residents respond to cold waves?

Low temperature poses a considerable threat to the human body. First, cold can directly cause diseases, such as frostbite; second, it can indirectly cause patients with chronic diseases to aggravate their condition. , can also induce sudden illness.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Pay attention to the local weather forecast and make various preparations for cold protection and warmth before the cold wave comes. ② The elderly, pregnant women, parturient women, and children with weak constitutions have poor tolerance to cold and are more susceptible to illness. If you find yourself sick, seek medical advice promptly. ③Wear a mask when going out and wear warm cotton clothing. ④ When the cold wave comes, it not only brings strong winds and cooling weather, but also causes trouble for transportation. You should pay special attention to traffic safety when traveling.

6. How to avoid frostbite in children when the cold wave comes

Children have a playful nature and should pay attention to self-protection when the cold wave comes.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Do not build snowmen or have snowball fights in the snow for too long, and should not exceed 10 minutes. ② When playing downstairs, be careful not to be injured by unstable objects placed upstairs, and keep a distance from the building. ③When chasing and fighting in the snow, do not run onto the road to prevent being hit by vehicles. ④Be sure to keep warm when playing, especially hands, face and ears to avoid frostbite. ⑤ Do not travel far in windy and snowy weather to prevent getting lost. ⑥In windy and snowy days, you should stay away from all kinds of vehicles.

7. How to resist the cold wave on the way to work

Office workers have neglected their health because of their busy work, so everyone should be reminded to take protection when the cold wave comes.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① The correct approach is to dress warmly, strive to keep the room temperature of the working environment stable, and prevent colds on the way to and from get off work. ② In wind and snow, stay away from windshielding doors and windows to avoid being hit by wind-broken debris. ③When taking a bus, be sure to stop it in the snow before getting on, otherwise you may be injured due to wheel slippage. ④The weather is cold, so you must pay attention to the nutritional balance of your diet to ensure your body's nutritional intake. ⑤ Before the cold wave comes, first arrange the food, clothing, housing and transportation for the elderly and children at home and ensure their safety.

8. How to avoid traffic accidents during the cold wave

Due to the cold wave causing ice and snow on the roads, traffic accidents occur from time to time, so you should strengthen self-protection when traveling.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Motor vehicles driving on the road should control their speed, drive slowly, and avoid sudden braking. Icy roads can cause wheels to slip, leading to traffic accidents and traffic jams. ②Car tires can be equipped with anti-skid chains on the road. ③When heavy snow falls and visibility is reduced, railways, highways and airports will take temporary closure measures to avoid accidents. ④When people are walking in the wind and snow, they should walk slowly and pay attention to look up at the car.

9. How outdoor workers can avoid the cold wave

When encountering severe weather, many types of outdoor work should stop operations to ensure the safety of workers.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ①Construction enterprises should strengthen anti-slip measures for outdoor operations and high-altitude operations. On-site springboards, scaffolding, ladders, platforms and various equipment should have dedicated personnel responsible for clearing ice and snow to prevent operators from mechanical accidents and falls from heights due to slippery ground. ② After severe weather, the accumulated water and snow at the construction site must be removed in time, and normal construction can be carried out only after taking effective anti-freeze and anti-skid measures. ③ Ships should seek shelter from the wind. ④ Personnel working outdoors at high altitudes or on water should stop working and wait in a safe place indoors as much as possible. ⑤ Pay attention to the latest news in the weather forecast so that further measures can be taken.

10. How to avoid other accidents when the cold wave comes

The weak should pay attention to cold protection, and those suffering from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should prevent accidents.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Cold wave is the main cause of fluctuations in human blood pressure and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents. ② The temperature drops sharply, causing the road to freeze, cars to break down, and tire blowouts to occur from time to time. Drivers should check vehicle oil, water, and circuits to avoid traffic accidents. ③ Water pipe equipment should be anti-freeze and warm to prevent accidents in the water supply system. ④Pedestrians should pay attention to passing vehicles. The safe distance between people and vehicles should be several times longer than usual on ice and snow days. People should be extra careful when crossing roads and bridges to prevent accidents. ⑤ Reinforce doors, windows, advertising plaques, light boxes, hoardings, scaffolding, etc. to prevent them from being blown down by strong winds and causing accidental injuries.

11. What should you pay attention to when keeping warm during a cold wave?

Whenever a cold wave hits, carbon monoxide poisoning incidents will continue to occur. Therefore, when the cold wave comes, residents should pay attention to precautions. If you have headache, vomiting, dizziness, etc. while heating, you should immediately open doors and windows for ventilation.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Keep indoor ventilation when heating. ②Use water heater and gas correctly. Because the temperature is low in winter and the indoor air does not flow, it is easy to cause insufficient oxygen. If the water heater or gas furnace is installed indoors, carbon monoxide poisoning may occur. ③Because carbon monoxide is an invisible killer of heating in winter, special attention should be paid when the weather is abnormal and the air pressure is low. The coal in the furnace should be emptied before going to bed at night to prevent soot from being poured back due to low air pressure in the middle of the night. ④When the air pressure is low, meteorological departments and environmental protection departments should promptly remind the public to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning. ⑤ When the cold wave hits, you should also prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when using your car. Do not turn on the air conditioner for too long when parking. After parking, the carbon monoxide emitted by the engine accumulates in the car, which can easily cause poisoning. You should open the windows for ventilation.

2. Protective measures against snow disasters

1. How do urban residents cope with the disasters caused by snow disasters

Snow disasters seriously affect or even destroy transportation, power transmission lines, and urban water supply. system, posing a threat to human safety and life.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Prepare food, water, etc. for several days at home in advance. ② Prepare enough warm clothing and bedding. ③ Prepare candles and emergency lighting for lighting. ④Various kinds of standing medicines. ⑤ Prepare cold-resistant and non-slip shoes to ensure safety when traveling.

2. What should residents living in bungalows do if they encounter heavy snow?

: When heavy snow comes, residents living in bungalows must pay more attention to precautions.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① After receiving the yellow warning for heavy snow, residents living in bungalows should prepare enough drinking water and use cotton cloth to protect indoor and outdoor water pipes to prevent freezing. ② Handle the management and discharge of domestic garbage and sewage. ③Reinforce the ridge of the bungalow to prevent it from collapsing under the weight of snow. ④ When there is wind and snow, it is forbidden to repair the roof in the strong wind, as it may be dangerous. ⑤ Carbon monoxide poisoning should be prevented when heating. Due to heavy snow cover, cooking smoke can be caused to pour back, causing gas poisoning. ⑥ Prevent electric shock. Heavy wind and snow will bring trouble to normal power transmission. Residents of bungalows should be careful of wires being blown by wind or broken by snow. They should be more careful when entering and exiting the door.

3. What to do if you fall into a snow pit in the forest

Don’t panic.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ① When walking in the snow, first use branches to explore the path in front. ② It is strictly prohibited to leave the ski slopes when skiing, and it is strictly prohibited to ski after drinking. ③ At the moment of falling, close your mouth and hold your breath to prevent ice and snow from pouring into your throat and lungs, which may cause suffocation. ④ Companions can pull it up with branches, sticks, or ropes. ⑤ If you accidentally fall into a snow pit while traveling in the wild and there is no one to rescue you, use a waterproof sleeping bag immediately if you have one. ⑥Climb as far as possible to the surface of the snow.

4. How to avoid the cold when encountering wind and snow in the wild

Before departure, you must wear cold-proof clothes and prepare enough warm clothes.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Find ways to send out SOS distress signals during the day; at night, dig snow holes to spend the night. ② When digging a snow cave, it is best to have a slight curvature between the entrance and the hiding place, and then block the entrance with branches or cotton cloth. ③Be careful not to exhaust your energy and get your whole body soaked, because wet clothes will not only fail to keep you warm, but will also easily make you freeze.

5. How to build a cold shelter in the wild

Before entering cold areas and snowy areas, you should bring waterproof matches, candles, sunglasses and a tarpaulin for building a shelter with you.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ①Build a shack or snow cave as quickly as possible to keep out the cold. ②When building, you should consider choosing the best and safest location. Never build a shack where an avalanche is likely to occur. ③You should choose a ridge covered by big trees. ④Choose a level ground, light a fire to heat food and call for help. ⑤ Avoid the leeward part of the cliff, because in this kind of terrain, the wind will quickly blow up a lot of snow and bury the tent. ⑥In places where the snow layer is thin, the snow at the erection point should be swept away first; in places where the snow layer is deep, the snow should be compacted and flattened. If you are not moving for the time being, you should dig a hole in the snow and bury your tent to better withstand the cold wind. ⑦ Set up a tent on the open ground and set up a snow wall on the windward side to keep out the cold and make it easier to make a fire for cooking.

6. How to call for help and self-rescue when encountering wind and snow in the wild

Mobile phones may not have signal in the wild, and computers may not have Internet access. Carry a walkie-talkie with you at all times to seek immediate assistance.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Carry a walkie-talkie with you to communicate with the outside world. ② Bring a flashlight. ③If your vehicle is blocked by snow in the wild, you can call the traffic management department for help through your mobile phone. ④If the camp is close to a village, you can ask the villagers for help. ⑤ Try to approach the direction of the highway and ask for help from passing vehicles. ⑥ If you are in the vast snowy sea, you can light the branches and put moist firewood on the fire to ensure that it smokes; you can put some dry firewood at night. The stronger the fire, the better. Setting off three piles of flames is an internationally accepted distress signal. Arrange the fires in a triangle, preferably equidistant between the piles. ⑦Ground-to-air signal, "FILL" can be placed on the ground, which is an internationally announced emergency distress signal. Each letter is 10 meters long, 3 meters wide, and the spacing between each letter is 3 meters wide. ⑧Use your voice to call for help. You can shout or use other objects to make sounds, such as sticks, cans, etc.

7. How to deal with frostbite in wind and snow

Frostbite refers to injuries caused by people being exposed to low temperature environments for a long time. Restoring blood circulation in frostbitten areas is the first goal of treatment.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Frostbite in the human body mainly occurs in hands, feet, ears and other parts, so cashmere products or down products with good insulation should be chosen for insulation in wind and snow. ② To deal with frostbite, the patient should first be removed from the cold environment as soon as possible, take off cold and damp clothes quickly, and keep warm. It is necessary to replenish calories in various ways. ③ Use warm water or the rescuer's body temperature to warm the frostbitten area until the blood color returns. Do not rub or massage the frostbitten area. ④ Elevating the frostbitten area can reduce swelling and pain. ⑤ Mild frostbite can be relieved with frostbite cream. ⑥ For severe frostbite, avoid using wrong methods such as rubbing with snow, immersing in cold water, or direct fire. The frozen parts should be immersed in warm water at 40℃-42℃ to quickly thaw and rewarm, and then be sent to medical treatment quickly.

8. What to do if the car encounters wind and snow while driving

The car may "break down" due to wind and snow. In the wind and snow, especially long-distance buses, we must try our best to ensure the safety of passengers.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue tips: ①Close the windows to keep the temperature inside the car from spreading. ②Transportation companies should urgently activate severe weather plans, pump out ordinary diesel that is not suitable for ultra-low temperatures, and replace it with antifreeze diesel. ③ If it is difficult to start on ice and snow, you can put some weeds, sacks, branches, etc. under the wheels. If it still doesn't work, do not force the start to prevent damage to the tires or engine.

9. How to deal with wind and snow when traveling

Heavy snow may cause the closure of many highways in snowfall areas. Passenger buses, trains, and airports may be delayed to varying degrees or take measures. Outage measures.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① When traveling to the north, you should avoid the freezing period, because at this time, it is ice and snowy, the mountains are blocked by heavy snow, and the roads are blocked, so it is not suitable to carry out tourism activities. When attending the Ice and Snow Festival, wear more clothes to keep warm. ② When traveling in ice and snow, apply antifreeze ointment on exposed parts such as face, ears, nose, hands, etc., and do not wear shoes and socks too tight. ③ Change shoes and socks frequently when resting on the way, and wash your feet with warm water. ④Do not travel in the wild when you are hungry or tired. ⑤ When frostbite occurs, it should be allowed to burst on its own. Do not break it intentionally. It should be disinfected after breaking. ⑥ When traveling in wind and snow, you should know the direction clearly to avoid getting lost. ⑦ It is easy to lose control while driving in wind and snow, so drivers should pay special attention.

10. How to keep warm in wind and snow

Staying in a cold environment for too long in winter can cause heart disease, influenza, bronchitis, etc., so you should pay attention to keeping warm.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① If camping in wind and snow, clothes should be placed in sleeping bags, and woolen hats and woolen socks must be worn. Stuff the sleeping bag with some loose clothes, and stuff the gaps in the sleeping bag when sleeping to keep you warm. It is best to drink a hot drink before going to bed. The tent should be a dedicated cold-proof tent. ② Use clothing to keep out the cold. The outermost layer of clothing should be windproof; a relatively stagnant air layer is formed inside the down jacket, which has good warmth retention properties; underwear should be soft, hygroscopic, breathable, and conducive to heat preservation and drying. ③In windy and snowy weather, it is best not to expose your skin to avoid frostbite. Wear cotton gloves and earmuffs. ④ It is forbidden to wear soft-soled, low-top shoes or multi-layered sweaters and jackets, as these are not warm, waterproof or windproof.

11. How to prevent dehydration in wind and snow

Severe dehydration in wind and snow will greatly increase the possibility of frostbite and freezing to death.

Key points for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① Maintain energy in the snow to prevent excessive loss and dehydration. ② When entering the snow-capped plateau areas, many climbers consciously dehydrate themselves in order to reduce intracranial hypertension and prevent cerebral edema. This method should not be advocated. The correct method is: carry a water bottle with you and drink less, but you must not stop drinking, otherwise it will be life-threatening. ③When replenishing water, do not drink too much at one time. Drink water in small sips every 5 minutes.

12. How to avoid snow blindness in snow wind

The main reason for snow blindness is that the eyes are completely exposed to the snow and are stimulated by the reflection of the snow.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① In high-altitude environments, in order to prevent the occurrence of snow blindness, you must wear goggles to block ultraviolet rays. Such goggles must be able to filter more than 90% of ultraviolet rays, thereby reducing the risk of snow blindness. The thrill of light reflecting off the snow. ②You can wear a pair of yellow-green or brown goggles when traveling, which can block ultraviolet rays and enjoy the beautiful snow scenery. ③If you don’t wear goggles in the snow, you can make simple goggles out of cardboard or wood chips.

13. What to do when buried in snow

If your body is buried in snow, you must quickly get your body into a standing position.

Self-rescue and mutual rescue essentials: ① If you unfortunately fall into a snow pit or are buried in heavy snow, try to keep your body in a standing position, with your head forward and your hands and whole body used to break out of the new snow layer. . Ensure smooth breathing. ② If there are companions, you can use the cane or tree stick in your hand to let them discover you in time. ③If you cannot climb out of the snowdrift, reduce your activities, slow down your breathing, and save energy.

14. How to walk on ice and snow

If you encounter icy roads, you should walk slowly; if you accidentally fall, try to support the ground with your hands and elbows to reduce the impact of your body on the ice. impact.

Guidelines for self-rescue and mutual rescue: ① When walking on the snow, do not lift heavy objects. ②Do not put your hands in your pockets. Swinging your hands back and forth can provide balance. ③Wear shoes with anti-slip properties or rough soles. ④ Wear goggles when walking in the snow to protect your eyes.