What are the basic types of national defense mobilization, how to prepare and implement national defense mobilization, and what should national defense do?

National defense mobilization, also known as war mobilization, refers to the emergency measures taken by the state to change from peacetime to wartime, and the unified mobilization of manpower, material resources and financial resources to serve the war, which usually includes mobilization of armed forces, national economy, science and technology, civil air defense and political mobilization. National defense mobilization directly affects the process and outcome of the war and is related to national security.

National defense mobilization can be divided into general mobilization and local mobilization according to scale. General mobilization is a comprehensive mobilization throughout the country; Local mobilization is the mobilization in some areas or departments. According to the way, it can be divided into public mobilization and secret mobilization. Public mobilization is the mobilization of publicly issuing mobilization orders and declaring the state of war; Secret mobilization is a covert mobilization under the cover of various camouflage measures. According to the war process, it can be divided into initial mobilization and continuous mobilization. The mobilization at the beginning of the war was carried out in a short time before and after the outbreak of the war; Continuous mobilization is the middle and late mobilization after the mobilization in the early stage of the war.

National defense mobilization is a series of activities that a sovereign country mobilizes manpower, material resources and financial resources to meet the needs of war or temporarily respond to major crises, natural disasters and other emergencies, with the fundamental purpose of safeguarding national security. The main body of national defense mobilization is the country, that is, national defense mobilization is a national behavior and a concrete embodiment of national functions. With the accelerated development of the new military revolution in the world, information-centered joint operations, as a new combat style, will not only change the traditional combat modes and methods, but also have an impact and impact on national defense mobilization, showing many new features such as diversification of mobilization fields, integrated industrial mobilization, precise mobilization and alliance mobilization. In the Joint Concept of 2002, the US military pointed out: "In future military operations, we should not only rely on cross-service and transnational alliances, but also prepare to cooperate with various departments of the US government, non-governmental organizations, private enterprises, regional organizations and international institutions to mobilize extensively in political, military, scientific and technological, financial, military production, transportation, posts and telecommunications and other social fields to meet the needs of joint operations." Similarly, China's national defense mobilization must adapt to the development of the new military revolution in the world and build a solid mobilization foundation in order to win the initiative in future wars.

National defense mobilization involves a wide range of fields and targets. Broadly speaking, it involves politics, economy, science and technology, culture, ideology, diplomacy and military affairs. From the specific categories, it includes transportation, post and telecommunications, finance, domestic and foreign trade, medical and health care, culture and education, military production and even all walks of life in the whole society. As far as its mobilization content is concerned, it mainly includes: armed forces mobilization, economic mobilization, science and technology mobilization, information mobilization, civil air defense mobilization, traffic mobilization, political mobilization and so on.

Wartime soldier mobilization

The mobilization of soldiers in wartime is an important part of national defense mobilization. National defense mobilization, also known as war mobilization (or wartime mobilization), refers to the state's transition from peacetime to wartime in a corresponding range in order to prepare and implement war, and the unified mobilization of manpower, material resources and financial resources to serve the war. National defense mobilization is an important activity of national defense and a major event related to national security.

(1) national defense mobilization opportunity

The timing of national defense mobilization refers to the situation of national mobilization. Correctly grasping the mobilization opportunity is a crucial issue. The National Defense Law stipulates that when People's Republic of China (PRC)'s sovereignty, unity, territorial integrity and security are threatened, the state will carry out national general mobilization or partial mobilization according to the Constitution and laws. According to this regulation, the time for the state to mobilize for national defense is: first, before the outbreak of war, when the state finds signs of being threatened and there is a real danger of war, it will mobilize in advance. Before the war breaks out, mobilization can not only make preparations, but also play a deterrent role, contain the war and eliminate the threat of war; Even if war is inevitable, we can be prepared for the battle. Second, after the war broke out, when the country was suddenly attacked, it immediately mobilized, turned passive into active, and resisted enemy aggression.

(2) the form of national defense mobilization

There are many ways to classify the forms of national defense mobilization. According to the scale of the war, it can be divided into general mobilization and local mobilization.

General mobilization refers to the national general mobilization. It is to turn all aspects of the country's military, politics, economy, diplomacy, science and technology, health, culture and social life into wartime orbit. General mobilization is usually carried out when a large-scale war breaks out and the whole country needs to meet the enemy.

Local mobilization refers to the limited mobilization carried out by the state in certain regions or departments. Usually, some armed forces and manpower, material resources and financial resources are mobilized to carry out the war. However, according to the development of the war, local mobilization may be promoted to general mobilization.

In addition, national defense mobilization can be divided into public mobilization and secret mobilization according to mobilization methods; According to the war process, it can be divided into initial mobilization and continuous mobilization. In short, the form of mobilization is mainly determined by the scale, process and strategic intention of the country. The power to decide on mobilization belongs to the highest organ of state power. Mobilization orders are usually issued by heads of state and government.

(3) The main contents of national defense mobilization

The main contents of national defense mobilization are: mobilization of armed forces; National economic mobilization; Civil air defense mobilization; Political mobilization.

Mobilization of armed forces refers to the transformation of armed forces and other armed organizations from peacetime to wartime. When the state issues a mobilization order, it is necessary to rapidly expand the active forces; Turn reserve forces into active forces; Reorganize and expand other armed organizations, mobilize militia to join the army and participate in the war, and mobilize corresponding weapons, equipment and materials to adapt the armed forces to the needs of war. The mobilization of armed forces is the core of war mobilization. The mobilization of armed forces is of decisive strategic significance to the process and outcome of the war, especially to the rapid expansion of the army and the implementation of strategic deployment at the beginning of the war, to cover the transition of the country to the wartime system and to seize the strategic initiative. The mobilization of soldiers in wartime is the primary task of the mobilization of armed forces. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of military operations, the military service law has made special provisions on the age of enlistment in wartime, that is, under special circumstances, male citizens aged 36 to 45 can be enlisted for active service. China has a large population and a strong army, which is unmatched by any country in the world.

National economic mobilization refers to the state's organized and planned transformation of economic departments and their corresponding systems from peacetime to wartime. Economic strength is the material basis of war, especially modern war, which depends more on economy. Economy is also a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Therefore, under the unified leadership of the state, the mobilization work should put industry, agriculture, materials, transportation, finance, posts and telecommunications, science and technology, health and so on into wartime track in an organized and planned way. Turn the country's economic strength into military strength and win the war. Practice has proved that whether a country can persist in the war and win it depends not only on its national economy, but also on its mobilization ability and war potential. Therefore, national economic mobilization is the basis of war mobilization, an important pillar of the war and the basic guarantee for winning the final victory of the war.

Civil air defense mobilization, also known as mass defense mobilization (or civil defense mobilization), refers to all measures and actions taken by the state to organize people to guard against enemy air strikes and eliminate the consequences of air strikes. The purpose of mobilization is to protect people's lives, property and important economic facilities to the maximum extent, reduce losses, preserve war potential and lay a solid material foundation for winning the war.

Political mobilization refers to the state's extensive patriotic education and political agitation for all soldiers and civilians, mobilizing the people to join the army and actively supporting the front line. For example, after the mobilization of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the people of the whole country can buy more than 3,700 planes with voluntary donations. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a broad international United front, isolate and attack the enemy to the maximum extent, and create favorable conditions for winning the war.

National defense mobilization is a major strategic issue directly related to national security, national survival and the process and outcome of war. In order to contain the war and win the war, the country must vigorously strengthen its peacetime mobilization preparation, attach importance to developing and actively storing the war potential, and enhance its war strength. Under the wise leadership of China, China has experienced a long period of revolutionary war and peace building. It not only has a set of successful and effective war mobilization experience, sound mobilization institutions and scientific and flexible mobilization methods, but also is establishing and perfecting a new operating mechanism to meet the needs of economic development and effectively improve the ability of rapid mobilization, and comprehensively improving the legal system of national defense mobilization according to the new characteristics of the socialist market economy, such as "diversification of subjects, multipolarization of interest centers and diversification of adjustment means". Therefore, the great victory in the future anti-aggression war must belong to the invincible people of China!