How can I tell my parents that the teacher is ill and can't teach?

Recently, because of the epidemic, primary and secondary schools in Beijing are studying online at home. How to guide parents to do a good job in family education and accompany their children to live a happy family study life has become the responsibility and obligation of every class teacher.

From May 10 to May 20th, in order to improve the family education guidance ability of class teachers and fulfill their responsibilities, the Moral Education Office of Haidian District Education Commission, Haidian District Institute of Educational Science and Modern Education News jointly organized an online training activity to improve the family education guidance ability of class teachers.

The activity invited education experts, university professors and outstanding class teachers in primary and secondary schools to give lectures on the spot, so as to improve the ability of class teachers in home-school communication, online home visits and student development guidance. , so as to ensure that during the epidemic prevention and control period, teachers and parents "do not separate", * * * jointly uphold the educational purpose of caring for students and helping them grow up, form a joint effort to educate people, and * * * implement the fundamental task of Lide Shu Ren.

This kind of training includes observing and analyzing students' skills, home visits, communication and cooperation skills in primary and secondary schools, and family education guidance skills. Through these three aspects, it provides scientific and effective support and help for the class teacher to alleviate the anxiety in the special period of the epidemic.

This training aims to achieve three goals: first, improve the communication ability between home and school and help solve educational problems; Second, improve the professional quality of teachers and help families and schools to cooperate in educating people; Third, strengthen family education guidance to promote students' physical and mental development.

expert opinion/advice

Wu

Director of Beijing Haidian Institute of Educational Science

How the class teacher skillfully observes and analyzes students

Observing and analyzing students is a basic job skill of every class teacher. Suhomlinski said in "Suggestions for Teachers": "Teachers' educational literacy depends to a great extent on whether they are good at observing children in the process of children's mental and physical labor, during games, visits and extracurricular breaks, and how to transform or embody the observation results into ways and means to exert individual influence on students. "As the head teacher who is closest to the students, knows the students best and is easily remembered by the students, how should he observe and analyze the students and apply the observation results to the growth and development of the students? It will be discussed from the following four points: cleverly observing students, deeply analyzing students, effectively guiding students and guiding parents.

The first is to observe students. This is the basic work skill of every class teacher, and it is also a way to study students. Through the observation, listening and learning of students, teachers and parents around us, we can carefully observe and understand the changes and anomalies of students in speech, nonverbal, behavior, emotion and thought, and then collect and analyze students' materials and information.

The head teacher should understand the students' discourse system in the corresponding learning period, cultivate keen observation and recognition ability, respect the differences of different students, observe and record more, and gradually master the interests, specialties, personality and characteristics of each student in the class.

For example, the head teacher can observe the changes of students' classroom performance, friends in class, the quality of students' homework, students' activities during recess, students' costumes, students' changes in collective activities and so on. You can also observe students through quizzes, homework, classroom assignments, self-reports, group counseling, individual conversations and other comprehensive methods to understand students' abilities and achievements, difficulties and setbacks.

The second is to analyze students. This is a process of looking at the essence through phenomena, students' psychological state through their behavior, or students' emotional changes and ideological changes through a certain behavior.

Observing students' external characteristics is the basis and condition for understanding their inner world, because students' inner world is hidden and deep. The head teacher should combine students' different tasks and psychological development characteristics at different stages, deeply interpret students' internal needs through students' external performance, stimulate students' interest in learning, produce emotional voices and convince students.

Therefore, the head teacher should go into the students' hearts, see through the "little secrets" that students don't want to express, and at the same time break the inherent thinking mode, treat students with a developmental perspective, and don't label students as "bad students" or "backward elements" casually, fully understand their performance at school and at home, and strive to form a three-dimensional image of students in their minds and break the "blind spots" in observation.

The third is to guide students. The ultimate goal of observing and analyzing students is to apply the observation results to the growth and development of students, and how to guide students to develop actively has become the most important thing.

Therefore, the head teacher should strive to build a class that truly belongs to children, provide a stage, resources and platform for children, create conditions and opportunities, and give different guidance according to the different characteristics and problems of students.

For example, setting up a small mailbox in the class, for children who are not good at expressing and introverted, it is advisable to use small notes, letters, and individual communication. , individual counseling should be taken for individual problems; For * * * sexual problems, it is appropriate to adopt class collective activities, theme class meetings, resource push and other methods. Through various forms, correctly guide students and cultivate children's positive qualities such as emotional stability, sound personality, adaptation to society, harmonious interpersonal relationship and sense of responsibility.

The fourth is to guide parents. Family and school are two important places for students to study and live. Family education and school education should form a joint force to maximize educational efficiency. So is the maintenance and prevention of students' mental health. The most effective prevention can only be carried out with the attention and help of schools and families.

The head teacher should not only observe the students' words and deeds at school, but also guide parents to observe their children's abnormal emotions, behaviors and words at home. Only by identifying and judging students' performance in various environments and situations such as school, family and society can we avoid blind spots and deviations in observation.

Therefore, in addition to observing and analyzing students' abnormal behaviors in various ways at school, the head teacher also needs to actively encourage and guide parents to take some reasonable ways to help observe students' words, deeds and every move at home, so that families and schools can work together to get a more comprehensive understanding of a child and make a comprehensive and accurate judgment through the information obtained from various observations.

Denglinyuan

Beijing normal university education department

How to Improve Family Education Guidance Skills of Class Teachers

On June 65438+1 October1day, 2022, People's Republic of China (PRC) Family Education Promotion Law was officially implemented. As an important role in family education guidance, how can the head teacher improve the skills of family education guidance? I think there are two important aspects: one is to grasp the premise of the smooth development of family education guidance, that is, to establish a good "tutor" relationship between class teachers and parents; The second is to master the contents of family education guidance, including how parents understand the influence of family factors on children's behavior and the specific methods of family education.

Grasp the two elements and establish a good relationship between family and teachers.

First of all, in order to promote the effective development of family education guidance, we should pay attention to how to establish a good "mentor" relationship. Because only under the good "tutor" relationship, parents will truly trust the class teacher, be willing to accept the guidance of the class teacher and practice the family education method shared by the class teacher. This requires effective communication between teachers and parents.

In the process of communication, listening and expressing are two elements. When parents are worried about educating their children, when communicating with teachers, teachers need to be a good listener first, and achieve "eye contact, ear contact, heart contact and mouth contact". They should not only listen to the stories and opinions told by their parents, but also observe their nonverbal information through our eyes and carefully understand their feelings and feelings under the background of this story. When appropriate, they should use nonverbal information, such as eye contact, smiling, nodding and leaning forward. And simple verbal feedback, such as "I know ..." "Yes ..." "Mm-hmm ..." to show that you are listening to your parents' opinions carefully and understand their views and concerns.

On the basis of listening, teachers should also pay attention to the attitude and way of talking to parents. In short, there are several considerations:

First, be emotional and rational. First of all, based on the previous listening, we convey our feelings and empathy to our parents and narrow the emotional distance with them.

The second is to encourage and affirm parents as much as possible. Many times, parents come to seek guidance and help from teachers, and often encounter a lot of confusion when educating their children. At this time, they often feel depressed and have no confidence in educating their children. Therefore, if the head teacher can give them some encouragement and affirmation, they will really be willing to take action and practice the parenting methods we teach them.

Third, the guidance for parents must conform to the concrete, positive and operational principles, that is, the methods shared by teachers to parents, so that they can take them back and use them directly. For example, teachers hope that parents can spend more time with their children's growth. A more appropriate guide should be "Parents can take 15 minutes every day, put down their mobile phones and do things they are interested in with their children, such as reading, playing and playing ball games. Or talk about topics they are interested in. " It is not just a general instruction that "parents should spend more time with their children's growth".

Guide parents to carry out family education from two aspects.

On the basis of a good "tutor" relationship, the next step is the specific content of the class teacher's family education guidance for parents.

On the one hand, it is to guide parents to understand children's behavior from a systematic, interactive and dynamic perspective.

How to understand children's behavior from a systematic perspective? For example, when we complain about children's procrastination, we should not only attribute it to children's laziness or lack of motivation, but also reflect on what role we play in children's procrastination and how to change it together through some self-questioning.

How to understand children's behavior from an interactive and dynamic perspective? For example, children may say, "If you don't yell at me, I will finish my homework consciously", but parents may say, "If you can finish your homework consciously, I won't yell at you naturally"-we should remember that the relationship between parents and children is interactive, and changes in either side will lead the interaction cycle between them to different tracks. In addition, we also need to guide parents to think about which factors in the family are related to their children's behavior. In a big way, it is nothing more than two ways: parents' example and example.

On the other hand, the class teacher can also share some practical family education methods with parents. In the specific guidance of family education methods, parents can be guided to reflect on the exemplary role of their thoughts, behaviors and emotions for their children from the aspect of example, and on this basis, they can actively adjust themselves and set a good example for their children; We can also guide parents to create a warm and loving family environment for their children through the adjustment and improvement of husband-wife relationship and parent-child relationship. In addition, we can share and discuss some specific family education methods, so that parents can master more practical and scientific parenting methods.

On the experience of the class teacher

Yin Lina

the high school attached to tsinghua university

How to carry out high-quality and efficient home visits

The main idea of home visits is to form a joint force of educating people with the close cooperation of schools and families, and to promote the healthy growth and all-round development of students. Through effective communication with parents, teachers can capture the growth trajectory of students, find the root of the problem, and effectively guide parents to cooperate to solve their children's problems.

Collect information before home visit.

First, collect information.

Organize and record the basic information of the target students, such as personal information, hobbies, personality characteristics, interpersonal communication and recent psychological state or emotional fluctuation.

Organize and record the information of the main members of the target students' families, including their parents' occupations, educational concepts, living habits, etc., which can be used as a guide for conversation.

To sort out and record the situation of the target student at school, all teachers need to evaluate this student in the near future, including classroom attendance, homework, error correction, unit test, learning attitude and so on.

Organize and record the personal social information of the target students during their school days, including the feedback information of the class students to the target students in all aspects, and focus on understanding their social related information.

Sort out the advantages and disadvantages of the target students. When communicating with parents, fine-tune the content of the evaluation according to their acceptance, so that parents can better cooperate with the completion of home visits.

Secondly, make a home visit plan.

Choosing the most important thing that parents need to solve and putting it in the first place can help parents solve their concerns effectively. This is a successful home visit.

Emergency plans need to be made in advance before home visits. For adolescent junior high school students, students and parents may have some unexpected situations during home visits, and how to deal with the emergency plan.

Communicate in advance. By sorting out the information, we can communicate with parents and students simply before home visit. To ensure that all three parties are in a stable state of mind, the ultimate goal is to work together to educate people.

Make a strategy. According to the characteristics and types of students and parents, choose appropriate communication methods. Don't put all the questions together, but start the topic around the core issues; If the communication is smooth and the core problems are solved, we can discuss other issues that parents care about.

Pay attention to the interactive way in home visits.

For parents who are not good at talking, the class teacher can first introduce their children's various performances at school, let parents know about their children's situation at school, and guide their children to communicate with teachers actively. Sincere communication with parents aims at solving problems, not finding fault.

Fully understand the performance of students at home, fully communicate with parents, and understand each other's occupation, learning ability, educational background, past experience, etc. , as a data reserve for future communication with students. For example, when students encounter problems at school, they should find more effective ways to solve them than at home.

It is necessary to objectively evaluate students' school situation and convince parents that students should obey the overall management of the class. The idea that parents should pay attention to the details of children's life and study, even a small mistake will affect students' future. When introducing students' performance in school, it is especially recommended to express students' growth and progress.

Give parents guidance on students' development and family education, give executable and improved guidance methods for students' core problems, and help parents carry out effective family education. Forming a joint effort between home and school will improve students in other aspects, which will naturally lead to the improvement of their grades.

Form an objective judgment on the type of parents. Fine-tune the focus of home visits. Guide parents to establish a correct concept of success and education, treat the problems in students' growth rationally, and discuss solutions with parents from the perspective of caring for students.

Improvement of follow-up problems after home visits

All work records should be sorted out in time. Find out the essence of students' problems, try to communicate in many ways and keep tracking until the problems are improved. Evaluate and summarize the effect of this home visit so as to facilitate the next home visit.

About the problem that can't be solved. Don't rush to solve the problem that a home visit can't solve. Some students may have to go many times, so they need to evaluate their family's educational philosophy and give reasonable family education guidance. If you can't find a suitable method, you can wait for a while. Never take students as experiments, never take uncertain guiding methods as experiments to reflect on improvement. If you are uncertain, you would rather not guide them.

In short, contact parents more, each family has its own story, and the problems behind each student are also related to these stories. Communicate sincerely with parents, try to make friends with parents, change cold solutions through caring with temperature, try to solve problems sincerely, listen patiently and give targeted guidance. Observe every child carefully and touch every student's heart. Every student actually wants to be affirmed and praised.

Yanaka Xing

Beijing Haidian District Qiyi Primary School

Six principles should be followed in the cooperation between home and school in the epidemic situation.

What is "communication"? "Communication" is a process of transmitting and feeding back thoughts and feelings between people and between people and groups. It is an art as well as a science to reach an agreement on ideas and smooth feelings.

Communicate with students and parents in special periods to understand their needs from a professional perspective. This is our professional attitude. "Being needed is a kind of happiness." Although teachers can't solve students' problems face to face in special periods, we can help students and parents solve problems that need to be solved in real life through professional methods and effective communication. Good communication at this stage is not only a "fusion agent" for home-school cooperation, but also a "catalyst" for promoting students' healthy growth and a "placebo" for stabilizing family life.

Prevent "Tooth Broken Phenomenon"

No rules, no Fiona Fang. In offline education and teaching, we will use homework registration, classroom performance records, health records, classroom speeches, classroom performance, such as the number of times teachers criticize and praise. These seemingly trivial records can make students directly realize the causes of their own problems, and also let parents know their children's performance in a timely, comprehensive, objective and fair manner.

During studying at home, teachers may have a "broken file phenomenon" in guiding students' growth, which requires teachers to communicate with parents in time and pay attention to children's growth by taking advantage of family education. Parents need the guidance of teachers very much, both in form and method.

In the special period, effective home visit is the highlight of education and teaching at this stage. Teachers can also learn more about students, their growing environment and their family upbringing through home visits. Guide students positively and help parents solve various "intractable diseases" in family education.

Home-school cooperation follows six principles.

During the period of studying at home, home-school cooperation must follow the following basic principles:

One person for all. Teachers should establish equal and friendly cooperative relations with their parents and treat different families and all students equally; Focusing on the purpose of students' growth and development, we should mobilize all parents to actively participate and work out a life study plan that combines universality with individuality.

Second, the goal is the same. Teachers take the initiative to form a consistent educational goal with parents to promote the all-round development of students. Home and school work together to guide students, so that even if they study at home, they can return to normal learning state, develop good living habits, cultivate a positive and sunny attitude and grow up healthily.

The third is to actively intervene. Fighting the epidemic is the responsibility of the whole society. Teachers, parents and children should all have positive responsibilities. As professional educators, teachers provide educational support and academic help to students and parents.

The fourth is division of labor and cooperation. Family study includes family life and family education. Parents are the main body of family education and the legal guardians of students' growth. Parents provide students with the necessary conditions and living situations by setting an example, teaching by example and family style. Teachers provide professional guidance and guidance to influence and help children learn to learn to learn, learn to live and learn to be a man.

The fifth is to respect choice. Online learning is organized by schools, and the content, methods and arrangements of learning should be combined with the differences of each family education, which should not only obey the general laws of school teaching, but also obey and serve the general laws of family life and family education, and be organically coordinated with family life. We should also pay attention to the subject of study and the needs of students.

Teachers should give appropriate suggestions to parents and encourage middle school students in families to independently carry out educational and learning activities such as small production, small inventions, reading and film sharing, family topic discussion, and intellectual games. , and also organize class network communication appropriately to publicize and popularize the vivid experiences and practices created by students in family study.

Sixth, effective communication. In view of the problems existing in students' study and family education, families and schools carry out the process of interactive communication under the guidance of solving problems. Teachers should establish personal contact with parents through various channels, actively create a communication atmosphere of mutual respect between home and school, pay attention to language art, and treat parents sincerely. Make use of various communication channels, do a good job of communication in time and effectively, solve the problems that arise, and effectively convey scientific family education methods, epidemic prevention knowledge and mental health knowledge.

At the same time, to strengthen the management of communication platforms such as WeChat group, teachers should pay attention to policy guidance when sending WeChat, and adhere to these three principles: "Write when you think about it, and send it after checking." At the same time, for class group management, it is necessary to prevent and stop rumors among parents in time. Parents should be encouraged to share the positive energy and good examples in the "war epidemic" in the WeChat group and share the happy time in family life.

Planning: Zhang Jiyuan, Zhen Youchuan

Editor: Bin Hao

Editor: Bin Hao

Final review: Wang Baodan River.

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