Does HR know how to give employees a raise? Are there any specific rules? The more detailed, the better, preferably in the form of documents, which can be presented to the leaders.

When everyone doesn't know your company, it is impossible for you to seek information that can be presented to the leaders.

But I can give you a better suggestion:

Through performance appraisal, we can strengthen the assessment at different levels and give them a raise.

The premise is that you should be very clear about why you want to give them a raise and what is the initial motivation.