Preparation for application essay: Reasonably and effectively use the given materials to break through the barriers to public examinations

The focus of the essay questions in the civil service examination is the given information of up to 8,000 words. Quick reading of the information is undoubtedly the basic guarantee for successful answers. In the process of reading given materials, candidates not only need to master certain reading skills and methods, but also need to understand the meaning of the relevant materials, find out the intention of the question maker, and analyze the meaning contained in the materials, in order to truly achieve Efficient, effective and quick to respond.

1. Understand the given material

In the reading process, understanding the relevant text is only the first step. The key to reading lies in the understanding of the relevant material. This kind of The so-called understanding is an abstract understanding of the content of the material, a comprehensive and profound rational understanding, which requires candidates to have a process of understanding the material from form to content, from appearance to interior, and from part to whole. So how to understand the given material?

1. Clarify the logical relationship of the given material

Clarifying the logical relationship of the given material is important for candidates to understand the overall framework and The main content is of great significance. If candidates do not clearly understand the logic of material combinations and cannot grasp the overall framework of the materials, they often cannot fully understand the content of the materials and cannot grasp the meaning of the given materials.

No matter how complex the given materials are, they are always assembled around certain social phenomena or hot issues, so there must be a certain logical relationship between them. It is completely necessary and possible to methods to clarify this logical relationship and classify them. Only by clarifying the logical relationship of materials can we distinguish the levels, clarify the objects, and correctly classify them, thus laying the foundation for further analysis of the problem.

Generally speaking, candidates should take advantage of the first reading opportunity to grasp the overall framework and logical relationships of the given material by quickly reading the full text. After carefully sorting out the real questions from past years, experts from Xue Yishou Education Civil Service Examination have three ways to sort out the logical relationships of the given materials:

First, the material content can be sorted out in the chronological order of the development of events. For example, in the application paper for the 2000 Central Government Civil Service Recruitment Examination, the central event in the given material was "a complex noise nuisance lawsuit." For these given materials, they can be arranged in order of appearance as follows: February 1997 ~ June 1997 ~ September 1998 ~ October 1998 ~ December 1998 ~ June 1999 ~ October 1999 . By grasping the issues reflected in the given materials in time, it will be easier to understand the logical relationship of the materials in time, and it will not be difficult to grasp the content contained in them.

Second, the material content can be sorted out according to the logic of "phenomenon-problem-hazard-cause-work done-future countermeasures". For example, the theme of the thesis paper of the Guangdong Provincial Civil Service Examination in the first half of 2005 is "Food Safety Issues". To understand the given materials, you can clarify the relationship according to the following logic: (1) Phenomenon: In recent years, "Sudan A series of food safety incidents such as "Red" have emerged one after another, which has once again sounded the alarm for people; (2) Problem: In order to make huge profits, some unscrupulous traders conduct toxic processing of food and sell various types of toxic food to consumers; (3) Hazards: Food safety issues have seriously affected people's health and life safety, and caused serious harm to social economy and political stability. (4) Reasons: The food problem is serious: first, because the law enforcement inspections of relevant departments are mere formalities; second, because the food safety standard system is incomplete and the content is not matching; third, because the division of responsibilities of departments is unclear and the law enforcement supervision system is chaotic; (5) Work done: In response to the above situation, the State Council issued relevant documents to strengthen supervision of the food industry; (6) Future countermeasures: Relevant people pointed out that government departments should unify legislation and increase supervision. , introduce new safety standards and establish a unified management organization.

Third, the material content can be sorted out according to the logic of opposites. Such as clarifying relationships based on logical relationships such as positive and negative, positive and negative, experience and lessons.

For example, in the essay paper for the 2008 central state agency civil servant recruitment examination, the logic of 1-8 of the given materials can be clarified according to the two aspects of "advocating the development of the Nu River" and "opposing the development of the Nu River": (1) The main viewpoints advocating the development : Utilization rate of hydropower in my country. Hydropower is a renewable and recyclable resource; development has good economic benefits and can bring huge financial revenue, drive the development of related industries and promote economic growth; development is the main way to solve local poverty problems. Through this approach, development can solve the poverty problem of local people, improve people's lives, and promote social stability; after development, funds will be available for ecological migration to avoid artificial destruction of vegetation. (2) The main arguments against development are: According to the requirements of Yunnan Province’s “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” to protect ecological systems such as the Nu River, development is not policy rational; development will not be worth the loss economically; such large-scale development It will definitely destroy the local ecological environment and folk culture, pose a threat to the ecological security of the national team, and cause immeasurable losses to human civilization; after development, can it drive local economic growth, solve the lives of immigrants, and improve the local area? There is no systematic regulation and guarantee for people's lives; when it comes to solving the local poverty problem, developing hydropower is not the only way. In fact, the poverty problem can be solved through other ways such as developing tourism.

2. Distinguish the primary and secondary relationships of materials

As mentioned above, civil servant application materials contain very complicated text. In addition to important materials and useful materials, the given materials also include Contains a lot of secondary or useless material that interferes with the candidate's reading. In order to fully grasp the given materials within a limited time, candidates must distinguish the primary and secondary relationships of the materials, distinguish which materials are important and useful materials, and which are secondary materials and useless materials. Generally speaking, candidates must first figure out the theme of the given material. Which materials are closely related to the theme and the intention of the proposition, which are the main materials and the focus of reading; which materials are closely related to the theme and the intention of the proposition but are not very close. , are secondary materials, which should be generally understood; materials that are not related to the theme and proposition intention are useless materials and should be passed through at a glance when reading.

3. Correctly understand the topic and the purpose of the question

Correctly understanding the purpose of the question is the key to ensuring high scores in the essay and answer questions. Some candidates have a unclear understanding and grasp of the purpose of the questions revealed in the materials, which leads to deviations in viewpoints in answering questions, which may cause them to lose a lot of points on their answer sheets. There are generally several ways to understand the intention of the question:

First, carefully read the questions and answer requirements behind the given materials. Generally speaking, the question and answer requirements roughly reveal the intention of the question maker. Candidates need to carefully study the meaning contained in it and guess the theme of the material and the intention of the question.

Second, carefully study the tone and positive and negative logic of the given material. Generally speaking, a positive tone in the material indicates that the questioner has a positive view on certain issues or practices; while a negative tone or a lot of negative material in a given material indicates that the questioner has a positive view on a certain issue or practice. Negative attitude towards problems and practices.

Third, carefully study the experiences and lessons in the given materials. The typical experiences given in the given materials often reveal the question maker’s favorable opinions on how to solve certain problems; while the lessons given in the given materials often reveal the question maker’s opinions on solving certain problems. A negative attitude toward this issue.

2. Analysis and Utilization of Given Materials

1. Analysis and Utilization of Cases

Generally speaking, the cases and examples provided in the given materials It does not have much meaning in itself, but it must be understood that the question maker has a purpose in giving these examples and cases. Its main purpose is to illustrate a certain social problem, a certain social phenomenon or a certain reason through these specific examples. etc. In other words, the examples and cases illustrated by the question makers are useful and meaningful. Candidates must make full use of these examples and cases, and through the analysis of these examples and cases, delve into their significance to serve the subsequent questions.

For example, the 2006 application paper for the central government civil servant recruitment examination first listed a series of examples:

In recent years, with the rapid development of our country's economic situation, some sudden public security incidents have They also happen from time to time, such as the SARS outbreak in 2003, the blowout accident in Kaixian, Chongqing, the bird flu incident in 2004, the Hongqiao stampede in Miyun, Beijing, the ammonia leak in Huai'an, Jiangsu in 2005, the vaccine incident in Anhui, and the streptococcus incident in Sichuan. This year, they are getting stronger each time. The invasion of typhoons, mining disasters again and again, etc. The accumulation of these problems has affected the healthy development of our country's economy.

This series of examples actually illustrates a problem, that is, the frequency of sudden public accidents in our country is very high. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the government's ability to prevent and respond to sudden public accidents. Event capabilities are very important.

2. Analysis and utilization of data

As with specific cases and examples, the data itself may not have much meaning, but the information explained by the data is very meaningful, such as The negative data listed in the given material may indicate that a certain situation is very bad, the positive data may indicate that the situation in some aspects is very good, and the data with a large gap may indicate that something is progressing very quickly towards the good side. , or something goes bad very quickly, etc. For example: The application materials for the 2006 Guangdong Provincial Civil Service Examination provide a lot of data, including the following data:

On June 22 alone, as many as 880,000 text messages were sent in one day, and a Jiangsu user , 180,000 messages were sent at once. Sending a text message only earns 1.7 cents, so 100,000 text messages are 1,700 yuan, and 1 million text messages are 17,000 yuan.

The above data "A Jiangsu user sent 180,000 messages at once" shows that mobile phone text messages are now rampant, and also reflects that operators basically have no restrictions on mobile phone spam text messages; and "sending a text message only earns one Divided into seven, then 100,000 messages is 1,700 yuan, and 1 million messages is 17,000 yuan." This shows that the profits of illegal SMS advertising are considerable.

3. Analysis and utilization of someone’s point of view

Some other people’s opinions often appear in the given materials of the application questions, such as “So-and-so pointed out...”; “So-and-so thinks that ...". We should attach great importance to the opinions of others and analyze and utilize them. Generally speaking, opinions from experts or government officials have a certain degree of authority. You must fully read and understand the views of these people, and use your understanding of these views to analyze the causes, roots and solutions to the problems reflected in the materials. For example, the essay paper for the 2008 central state agency civil servant recruitment examination listed the following views:

Professor E of Yunnan University said: "Hydropower development in the middle and lower reaches of the Nu River is indeed not a way to solve the poverty and economic development of the local people. However, the natural resources available for development and utilization in Nujiang Prefecture are very limited, and the living conditions in the Nujiang area are beyond ordinary people’s imagination. Hydropower development is at least an achievable way to play an important role in the social and economic development of Nujiang.”< /p>

Director F of an economic research institute believes that only by developing the Nu River can we have the funds to carry out ecological migration, and can it be possible to prevent the vegetation from being destroyed by local people for survival needs. The hydropower construction in the Nu River is fully in line with the circular economy. requirements.

Director G of the Institute of Geography of a university in Shanghai pointed out: "The American people deserve praise for pushing the stranded whale into the sea; the whale was preyed on by African refugees, which also deserves praise, because it saved a group of "

Director H of a research office of the Yunnan Provincial Government said that the Nujiang region in northwest Yunnan has slow economic development and is still the poorest region in Yunnan and even the country. Most of the 720,000 acres of cultivated land in the area is "*" land hanging on steep slopes. The output value of each mu of land is only 33 yuan in return. 10 acres of land feeds a family. The forest industry industry that supports the local economy across the state is also environmentally friendly. After the implementation of the project, it withdrew from the stage of history.

The above materials reflect the views of Professor E of Yunnan University, Director G of the Institute of Geography of a university in Shanghai, and Director H of a research office of the Yunnan Provincial Government. These three people are all experts in hydropower development. Scholars, their talk has a certain authority and must be analyzed and understood.

Professor E of Yunnan University, Director F of an economic research institute, and Director H of a research office of the Yunnan Provincial Government all believe that the development of the Nu River is a requirement for the social and economic development of the Nu River; while Director G of the Institute of Geography of a university in Shanghai believes that specific measures should be taken to develop the Nu River. The attitude of analyzing the problem concretely. Through the analysis of these other people's opinions, when it comes to the development of the Nu River, we must adopt an attitude of developing the Nu River scientifically and rationally based on the actual situation.

4. Utilization and analysis of successful practices and typical experiences of foreign countries, other places, and other units.

In the given materials, there are often some successful practices and typical experiences of foreign countries, other places, and other units. Typical experiences, these successful practices and typical experiences actually reveal some tendencies of the question maker. Professor Mo Yongbo reminded everyone that they must understand and analyze this information to understand their intentions and lay the foundation for their own countermeasures. For example, the application paper for the 2008 Central Government Civil Service Recruitment Examination contains the following materials:

The Tennessee River is located in the southeastern United States. It is a secondary tributary of the Mississippi River with a drainage area of ??105,000 square kilometers and a total length of about 1,050 kilometers across 7 states including Virginia, Mississippi, Tennessee and Kentucky. In the 1920s and 1930s, the region's economy was backward and its industrial base was weak. Due to the destruction of forests, serious soil erosion, flooding, traffic congestion, water transportation, environmental deterioration, epidemic diseases, and backward culture, it became the United States. One of the poorest areas. In 1933, per capita income in the basin was less than half the national average.

During World War II, the U.S. Congress legislated to establish the Tennessee Valley Authority (commonly known as TVA) and began a large-scale Tennessee Valley management project, starting with the construction of hydropower facilities in the Tennessee Valley. Beginning in the late 1940s, TVA became the nation's electricity supplier. Currently, TVA’s annual revenue from power operations reaches US$5.7 billion. Through afforestation and other measures, TVA conserves water and soil, improves the ecological environment, controls flooding, expands irrigation area, and forms more than 1,000 kilometers of water transportation and navigation capabilities through channel construction. Since 1945, the waterway has attracted more than $3 billion in private investment, accelerating regional industrial development. Factories along both sides of the river directly provide more than 44,000 employment opportunities and more service opportunities for local residents.

After more than 40 years of planning and construction, the natural resources of the Tennessee Valley have been comprehensively and rationally developed, and the regional economy has been revitalized. By 1977, the average national income of the entire basin had increased 34 times compared with 1933. It can be said that it was from the construction of hydropower projects that TVA changed the lives of Tennesseans and built a poor Tennessee into a modern Tennessee with industry as the mainstay and comprehensive development. The hydropower project has led to the comprehensive development of agriculture, forestry, fishing, coal mining, tourism and other industries in the Tennessee Valley, completely changing the poverty and backwardness here and making it one of the economically vibrant areas.

The above materials mention the United States’ advanced experience in developing the Tennessee Valley: establishing a unified development management agency, adopting comprehensive development measures, using hydropower projects to attract investment, providing employment opportunities for local residents, etc. These empirical measures can provide candidates with reference when proposing countermeasures for the development of the Nu River.

5. Utilization of the efforts/work done by the government

In the given materials in the application examination, there will often be some information about the work/efforts made by the current government or relevant departments. Some descriptions, such as introducing the laws, regulations, policies, and measures introduced by relevant governments to deal with a certain social problem, the progress of implementing these laws, regulations, and policy measures, plans, plans, and ideas to solve a certain social problem, etc., and Work performance and progress in solving a certain social problem. This is used to illustrate the current progress and performance in solving a certain problem, as well as a certain degree of mature practice in solving a certain social problem.

Regarding the utilization of the efforts and work done by the government, firstly, when summarizing the content, we should try our best to summarize it; secondly, when proposing countermeasures, we should build on these achievements. , make necessary improvements and improvements, check for leaks and fill gaps, and propose more advanced countermeasures.