What should I tell you about the second kind of vaccine?

Many parents will struggle when taking their children for vaccination. In addition to the first-class vaccine that must be vaccinated, should the second-class vaccine be vaccinated? Some parents think that it is enough to get the first-class vaccine prescribed by the state, and there is no need to spend money on other vaccines (psychological activity: vaccination clinic is to earn parents' money); Some parents are worried about a long list of vaccination advice issued by vaccination clinics. So many second-class vaccines must be vaccinated.

Today, I'm going to talk about the vaccination suggestions for the second kind of vaccine. The second kind of vaccine is an important supplement to the first kind of vaccine. Some infectious diseases targeted by the second-class vaccine, such as influenza, chickenpox and pneumonia, will do great harm to children and increase the financial burden of parents. Due to the limited financial resources, the country has not included the first type of vaccine, so parents need to pay for the vaccination themselves.

For example, the first vaccine is like compulsory education in primary schools, and the second vaccine is extracurricular remedial classes. Primary school is a compulsory course for every child, but extracurricular remedial classes depend on parents' choice.

Children vaccinated with the second kind of vaccine can get wider protection. The second type of vaccines recommended for children include Hib vaccine, EV7 1 vaccine, pneumonia vaccine vaccine, influenza vaccine, varicella vaccine, quintuple vaccine, quadruple vaccine, rotavirus vaccine and HPV vaccine.

1. Haemophilus influenzae B mixed vaccine (Hib vaccine)

Many developed countries in the world have incorporated Hib vaccine into routine immunization. Haemophilus influenzae type B is mainly transmitted by airborne droplets. Generally speaking, babies under 5 years old, especially those from 2 months to 2 years old, are susceptible to infection. It can cause pneumonia in children, as well as serious diseases such as meningitis, septicemia, myelitis, otitis media and pericarditis in children. It is the main pathogen that causes serious bacterial infection in infants. Hib vaccine was inoculated 4 times, starting from 2 months old, with an interval of 1-2 months, and inoculated 3 times; August intensive vaccination 1 dose.

2.EV7 1 vaccine.

Suitable for susceptible people from 6 months to 3 years old. Many parents call it hand, foot and mouth vaccine. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses, with a high incidence in infants. Hand, foot and mouth disease mostly occurs in children under 5 years old, which can cause herpes in hands, feet, mouth and other parts. A few children can cause complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema and aseptic meningoencephalitis. Some seriously ill children develop rapidly and may eventually lead to death. Inactivated enterovirus 7 1 vaccine, referred to as EV7 1 vaccine, can prevent some hand, foot and mouth diseases caused by EV7 1 virus, accounting for about 15% ~ 50%. But 50%~80% of severe hand-foot-mouth disease is caused by EV7 1, so this vaccine can prevent most severe hand-foot-mouth disease. The basic immunization program is 2 doses, with an interval of 1 month. It is recommended to finish before the age of 2.

3. Pneumococcal vaccine

Pneumococcus is one of the important causes of death worldwide, and it is an important pathogen of invasive and non-invasive infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media and bacteremia. Pneumococcal infection, one is from self-carriers, when the resistance is reduced, pneumococcus invades the lower respiratory tract and causes pneumonia; The second is to be infected with bacteria by others or patients, causing pneumonia. At present, there are two kinds of vaccines commonly used to prevent pneumococcal diseases, polysaccharide vaccine (23-valent polysaccharide vaccine, suitable for people over 2 years old, routine inoculation 1 dose) and protein-bound vaccine (13-valent, suitable for infants under 2 years old, basic immunization 1 dose, supplementary immunization 1 dose, respectively, at 2.

4. Influenza vaccine

Influenza virus is also highly contagious, and the main route of transmission is air droplets. It is easy to spread in crowded and closed environments and often breaks out in kindergartens and primary schools. Children infected with influenza are prone to complications such as pneumonia, otitis media and myocarditis. Children aged 6 ~ 35 months have weaker resistance to influenza virus than older children, and are more likely to get the flu when they encounter the flu epidemic. Children from 6 months to 3 years old should be vaccinated twice with an interval of 1 month. Because the influenza virus itself mutates rapidly, it needs to be vaccinated every year.

5. Chickenpox vaccine

Chickenpox virus is highly contagious, and its main route of transmission is airborne droplets, so it often breaks out in kindergartens and primary schools. Chickenpox can cause fever, blisters and pustules on children's skin, and may also cause complications such as pneumonia and meningitis, or complicated with bacterial infection, leading to sick leave or hospitalization. At present, the best way to prevent chickenpox is vaccination. 12~24 months old 1 dose, 4~6 years old, the second dose.

6. Five vaccines

The pentavaccine is a combined vaccine consisting of DTaP-IPV and Hib. Five infectious diseases caused by diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B were immunized after four times, and their ages were 2, 3, 4 and 18 months respectively.

7. Quadruple vaccine

The quadruple vaccine is a combined vaccine consisting of DTaP and Hib (DPT-Hib combined vaccine). Four vaccinations were completed, and four infectious diseases caused by diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and Haemophilus influenzae B were immunized at the age of 3, 4, 5, 65 and 438+08 months respectively, with a total dose of 65,438+0. Polio is less than pentavaccine, so it is necessary to supplement a kind of polio vaccine.

8. Rotavirus vaccine

Rotavirus is the most common pathogen of autumn diarrhea in infants aged 3 months to 2 years. The protection rate of this vaccine for infants is about 60% ~ 70%, which can not completely prevent children from getting sick, but can alleviate the diarrhea symptoms of children after vaccination. Infants from 2 months to 3 years old are vaccinated 1 dose every year.

9.HPV vaccine, commonly known as cervical cancer vaccine

Cervical cancer is mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This vaccine can prevent cervical cancer by preventing human papillomavirus infection. Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and the incidence of cervical cancer ranks second among women aged 30-44 in China. At present, bivalent and four kinds of human papillomavirus vaccines are listed in China. According to children's age, children aged 9- 14 should choose bivalent cervical cancer vaccine (HPV 16 and 18 for preventing high-risk human papillomavirus). Inoculation is required for three times, and intramuscular injection is performed in October, 1 and June respectively, and the whole vaccination can be completed within half a year.

Vaccines in China are divided into class I vaccines and class II vaccines. A class of vaccines refers to vaccines provided by the government to citizens free of charge, and citizens should be vaccinated according to government regulations, including vaccines determined by the national immunization plan, vaccines added by provinces when implementing the national immunization plan, and vaccines organized by people's governments at or above the county level or their health authorities for emergency vaccination or mass vaccination. The first type of vaccine is stipulated by the state, and the second type of vaccine can be selected at one's own expense and vaccinated voluntarily according to the child's physical condition and economic strength.

The first and second types of vaccines are classified according to the national financial situation and disease prevention planning. As a vaccine, the national and local governments can afford it, and the diseases prevented are harmful, and the vaccine prevention effect is remarkable. The division between the first and second vaccines is not fixed, such as hepatitis A vaccine and measles vaccine. Before 2007, they were all Class II vaccines, but with the improvement of the country's economic strength, these two vaccines have now become Class I vaccines. In the future, more and more second-class vaccines will become first-class vaccines.